Table of Contents:
“...1.1.Need for Reliability and Safety Engineering -- 1.2.Exploring Failures -- 1.3.Improving Reliability and Safety -- 1.4.Definitions and Explanation of Some Relevant Terms -- 1.4.1.Quality -- 1.4.2.Reliability -- 1.4.3.Maintainability -- 1.4.4.Availability -- 1.4.5.Risk and Safety -- 1.4.6.Probabilistic Risk Assessment/Probabilistic Safety Assessment -- 1.5.Resources -- 1.6.History -- 1.7.Present Challenges and Future Needs for the Practice of Reliability and Safety Engineering -- References -- 2.1.Classical Set Theory and Boolean Algebra -- 2.1.1.Operations on Sets -- 2.1.2.Laws of Set Theory -- 2.1.3.Boolean Algebra -- 2.2.Concepts of Probability Theory -- 2.2.1.Axioms of Probability -- 2.2.2.Calculus of Probability Theory -- 2.2.3.Random Variables and Probability Distributions -- 2.3.Reliability and Hazard Functions 3I -- 2.4.Distributions Used in Reliability and Safety Studies -- 2.4.1.Discrete Probability Distributions -- 2.4.2.Continuous Probability Distributions -- 2.4.3.Summary -- 2.5.Failure
Data Analysis -- 2.5.1.Nonparametric Methods -- 2.5.2.Parametric Methods -- References -- 3.1.Reliability Block Diagram (RBD) -- 3.1.1.Procedure for System Reliability Prediction Using RBD -- 3.1.2.Different Types of Models -- 3.1.3.Solving RBD -- 3.2.Markov Models -- 3.2.1.Elements of Markov Models -- 3.3.Fault Tree Analysis -- 3.3.1.Procedure for Carrying Out Fault Tree Analysis -- 3.3.2.Elements of Fault Tree -- 3.3.3.Evaluations of Fault Tree -- 3.3.4.Case Study -- References -- 4.1.Monte Carlo Simulation -- 4.1.1.Analytical versus Simulation Approaches for System Reliability Modeling -- 4.1.2.Elements of Monte Carlo Simulation -- 4.1.3.Repairable Series and Parallel System -- 4.1.4.Simulation Procedure for Complex Systems -- 4.1.5.Increasing Efficiency of Simulation -- 4.2.Dynamic Fault Tree Analysis -- 4.2.1.Dynamic Fault Tree Gates -- 4.2.2.Modular Solution for Dynamic Fault Trees -- 4.2.3.Numerical Method -- 4.2.4.Monte Carlo Simulation -- References -- 5.1.Importance of Electronic Industry -- 5.2.Various Components Used and Their Failure Mechanisms -- 5.2.1.Resistors -- 5.2.2.Capacitors -- 5.2.3.Inductors -- 5.2.4.Relays -- 5.2.5.Semiconductor Devices -- 5.2.6.Microcircuits (ICs) -- 5.3.Reliability Prediction of Electronic Systems -- 5.3.1.Parts Count Method -- 5.3.2.Parts Stress Method -- 5.4.PRISM -- 5.5.Sneak Circuit Analysis (SCA) -- 5.5.1.Definition of SCA -- 5.5.2.Network Tree Production -- 5.5.3.Topological Pattern Identification -- 5.6.Case Study -- 5.6.1.Total Failure Rate -- 5.7.Physics of Failure Mechanisms of Electronic Components -- 5.7.1.Physics of Failures -- 5.7.2.Failure Mechanisms for Resistors -- 5.7.3.Failure Mechanisms for Capacitor -- 5.7.4.MOS Failure Mechanisms -- 5.7.5.Field Programmable Gate Array -- References -- 6.1.Introduction to Software Reliability -- 6.2.Past Incidences of Software Failures in Safety Critical Systems -- 6.3.The Need for Reliable Software -- 6.4.Difference Between Hardware Reliability and Software Reliability -- 6.5.Software Reliability Modeling -- 6.5.1.Software Reliability Growth Models -- 6.5.2.Black Box Software Reliability Models -- 6.5.3.White Box Software Reliability Models -- 6.6.How to Implement Software Reliability -- 6.7.Emerging Techniques in Software Reliability Modeling-Soft
Computing Technique -- 6.7.1.Need for Soft
Computing Methods -- 6.7.2.Environmental Parameters -- 6.7.3.Anil-Verma Model -- 6.8.Future Trends of Software Reliability -- References -- 7.1.Reliability Versus Durability -- 7.2.Failure Modes in Mechanical Systems -- 7.2.1.Failures Due to Operating Load -- 7.2.2.Failure Due to Environment -- 7.3.Reliability Circle -- 7.3.1.Specify Reliability -- 7.3.2.Design for Reliability -- 7.3.3.Test for Reliability -- 7.3.4.Maintain the Manufacturing Reliability -- 7.3.5.Operational Reliability -- References -- 8.1.Deterministic versus Probabilistic Approach in Structural Engineering -- 8.2.The Basic Reliability Problem -- 8.2.1.First Order Second Moment (FOSM) Method -- 8.2.2.Advanced First Order Second Moment Method (AFOSM) -- 8.3.First Order Reliability Method (FORM) -- 8.4.Reliability Analysis for Correlated Variables -- 8.4.1.Reliability Analysis for Correlated Normal Variables -- 8.4.2.Reliability Analysis for Correlated Non-normal Variables -- 8.5.Second Order Reliability Methods (SORM) -- 8.6.System Reliability -- 8.6.1.Classification of Systems -- 8.6.2.Evaluation of System Reliability -- References -- 9.1.Introduction -- 9.2.Peculiarities of a Large Setup of Machinery -- 9.3.Prioritizing the Machinery for Maintenance Requirements -- 9.3.1.Hierarchical Level of Machinery -- 9.3.2.FMECA (Failure Mode Effect and Criticality Analysis) -- 9.4.Maintenance Scheduling of a Large Setup of Machinery -- 9.4.1.Introduction -- 9.4.2.Example -- 9.4.3.Example-MOOP of Maintenance Interval Scheduling -- 9.4.4.Use of NSGA II-Elitist Genetic Algorithm
Program -- 9.4.5.Assumptions and Result -- 9.5.Decision Regarding Maintenance Before an Operational Mission -- 9.5.1.Introduction -- 9.5.2.The Model -- 9.5.3.Assumptions -- 9.5.4.Result -- 9.6.Summary -- References -- 10.1.Introduction -- 10.2.Concept of Risk and Safety -- 10.3.An Overview of Probabilistic Safety Assessment Tasks -- 10.4.Identification of Hazards and Initiating Events -- 10.4.1.Preliminary Hazard Analysis -- 10.4.2.Master Logic Diagram (MLD) -- 10.5.Event Tree Analysis -- 10.6.Importance Measures -- 10.7.Common Cause Failure Analysis -- 10.7.1.Treatment of Dependent Failures -- 10.7.2.The Procedural Framework for CCF Analysis -- 10.7.3.Treatment of Common Cause Failures ti in Fault Tree Models -- 10.7.4.Common Cause Failure Models -- 10.8.Human Reliability Analysis -- 10.8.1.HRA Concepts -- 10.8.2.HRA
Process, Methods, and Tools -- References -- 11.1.Introduction to Dynamic PSA -- 11.1.1.Need for Dynamic PSA -- 11.1.2.Dynamic Methods for Risk Assessment -- 11.2.Dynamic Event Tree Analysis -- 11.2.1.Event Tree versus Dynamic Event Tree -- 11.2.2.DET Approach-Steps Involved -- 11.2.3.DET Implementation-Comparison Among Tools -- 11.3.Example-Depleting Tank -- 11.3.1.Description on Depleting Tank Problem -- 11.3.2.Analytical Solution -- 11.3.3.Discrete DET Solution -- 11.4.DET Quantification of Risk-Practical Issues and Possible Solutions -- 11.4.1.Challenges in Direct Quantification of Risk with DET -- 11.4.2.Uncertainties and Dynamics in Risk Assessment -- References -- 12.1.Objectives of PSA -- 12.2.PSA of Nuclear Power
Plant -- 12.2.1.Description of PHWR -- 12.2.2.PSA of Indian NPP (PHWR Design) -- 12.3.Technical Specification Optimization -- 12.3.1.Traditional Approaches for Technical Specification Optimization -- 12.3.2.Advanced Techniques for Technical Specification Optimization -- 12.4.Risk Monitor -- 12.4.1.Necessity of Risk Monitor? ...
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