http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3 http://www.loc.gov/standards/mods/v3/mods-3-2.xsd
Composition, pollutant loads, primary settling, activated sludge
This book provides an overview of biological wastewater treatment and sludge recovery. It presents the main concepts related to treatment processes, as well as the principles of operation, sizing, and implementation of unit operations and processes associated with wastewater and sludge treatment. Wastewater Engineering and Treatment 1 covers the microbiology and ecology of wastewater treatment, reaction kinetics and reactor hydraulics, pretreatment, primary settling, the transformation and degradation of organic and inorganic matter, and aeration. Didactic and combining theory with practice, this book is intended for engineers in engineering and environmental sciences, as well as professionals in wastewater treatment.
Introduction ix Chapter 1. Urban Wastewater Composition 11.1. Main physicochemical parameters of raw wastewater 11.1.1. Suspended solids 31.1.2. Organic matter indicators 51.1.3. Nitrogen 151.1.4. Phosphorus 191.1.5. Micropollutants 201.1.6. Parametric influence in the treatment system 241.2. Microbiological parameters: pathogenic organisms and indicators of fecal contamination 251.2.1. Bacteria 291.2.2. Enteric viruses 311.2.3. Enteric protozoa 321.2.4. Helminth eggs 321.2.5. Fecal contamination indicators: assessment in treated wastewater 341.3. References 38 Chapter 2. Processing Unit Operations 432.1. Background. 432.2. Design principles for treatment plants 452.3. Unit operations 482.3.1. Pretreatment 512.3.2. Primary treatment 522.3.3. Secondary treatment 522.3.4. Effluent clarification and discharge 542.3.5. Additional treatments 542.3.6. Sludge treatment 582.4. References 62 Chapter 3. Estimation of Pollutant Loadings 653.1. Water consumption 653.2. Estimated discharges 663.2.1. Wastewater flows 673.2.2. Peak flows 683.2.3. Number of population equivalents (PE) 693.2.4. Maximum and minimum flow rates 713.3. Pollutant loads 743.3.1. Relationship between load and concentration 743.3.2. Pollutant loads in BOD, N and P 753.4. References 76 Chapter 4. Pretreatments 794.1. Screening 794.1.1. Manual screens 804.1.2. Mechanical screens 814.1.3. Screen calculation 834.1.4. Screen implementation 894.2. Comminution 894.3. Sieving 904.3.1. Pressure washing sieves 904.3.2. Mechanical waste discharge sieves 904.4. Sand removal 914.4.1. Calculation for aerated sand trap 1004.5. Oil and grease removal 1004.5.1. Grease separators 1014.5.2. Aerated grease and oil trap 1014.6. References 105 Chapter 5. Primary Settling 1075.1. General principles 1075.2. Conical or cylindrical-conical static settler 1095.3. Horizontal flow settler 1105.3.1. Dimensioning of horizontal settlers 1115.4. Circular settlers 1175.4.1. Example design of a primary settler 1205.5. Design of primary mechanized settlers 1235.5.1. Rectangular settler 1235.5.2. Circular settler 1245.6. Performance of conventional primary settlers 1255.6.1. Settler depth 1285.7. Lamellar settlers 1295.7.1. Theory and general principles 1305.7.2. Dimensioning basics for lamellar settlers 1335.8. References 174 Chapter 6. Biological Treatment with Activated Sludge 1796.1. Background information on microbial organisms 1796.2. Operating principle 1816.3. Theoretical bases of aerobic treatment 1826.3.1. Organic matter (biological oxygen demand) evolution in the presence of bacterial mass 1826.3.2. Analytical interpretation 1846.4. Traditional design methods 1926.4.1. Complete mix 1946.4.2. Plug flow 2116.4.3. Comparison between the two systems 2136.4.4. Oxygen requirements for carbon pollution 2136.5. Operating parameters 2216.5.1. Sludge losses: causes and consequences 2216.5.2. Role of nutrients 2236.5.3. MI 2236.5.4. DI 2246.5.5. Sludge redox potential (Rh) 2246.5.6. Effect of temperature 2256.5.7. Effect of pH 2266.5.8. Effect of some toxicants 2266.5.9. Sludge settling issues 2276.6. Activated sludge ecology 2306.7. Aeration of activated sludge tanks 2336.7.1. O2 transfer 2336.7.2. Influence of some factors on Cs and KLa 2366.7.3. Aeration systems 2436.7.4. Surface aerators 2496.7.5. Deep-water aerators 2526.7.6. Conditions of use of aeration systems 2536.7.7. Aerator design 2576.7.8. Using pure oxygen 2776.8. Activated sludge processing technology 2786.8.1. Conventional activated sludge 2786.8.2. Contact stabilization 2846.8.3. Full mixing 2866.8.4. Sequencing batch reactor 2876.8.5. Bioring process 2896.9. Examples of dimensioning the activated sludge process 2916.9.1. Example 1: calculation of a low load aeration tank 2916.9.2. Example 2: calculation of an aeration tank fed under medium loading 2936.9.3. Example 3: population of 3,000,000 inhabitants 2956.9.4. Example 4: population of 12,500 inhabitants 3026.10. References 307 Index 313
Includes bibliographical references and index.