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Sustainable Soil Chemistry and Plant Nutrition
Sustainable Soil Chemistry and Plant Nutrition: Innovations and Applications explores the relationship between plants and soil, focusing on plant nutrition through the lens of soil chemistry and biochemical processes.
Front Cover -- Front Matter -- Titlepage -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Preface -- Chapter 1 Introduction to soil chemistry and nutrient availability -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Classification of essential nutrients -- 1.2.1 Macronutrients -- 1.2.2 Primary macronutrients -- 1.2.3 Secondary macronutrients -- 1.2.4 Micronutrients -- 1.3 Chemistry of essential nutrients in soil -- 1.3.1 Nutrient availability in soil -- 1.3.2 Soil nutrient pools -- 1.3.3 Specific nutrient chemistry -- 1.4 Factors influencing nutrient availability -- 1.4.1 Soil properties -- 1.4.2 Environmental factors -- 1.4.3 Human activities -- 1.5 Mechanisms of nutrient uptake by plants -- 1.5.1 Nutrient transport pathways -- 1.5.2 Rhizosphere dynamics -- 1.5.3 Plant adaptations to nutrient stress -- 1.6 Nutrient cycling and soil-plant interactions -- 1.6.1 Biogeochemical cycles -- 1.6.2 Soil microbial contributions -- 1.6.3 Role of soil organic matter -- 1.7 Sustainable nutrient management -- 1.7.1 Best practices for fertilizer use -- 1.7.2 Use of amendments and enhancers -- 1.7.3 Integrated soil fertility management -- 1.8 Challenges and future directions -- 1.9 Summary and conclusions -- References -- Chapter 2 Essential nutrients, their chemistry, and uptake in the soil -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Role of nitrogen in plant growth and deficiency symptoms -- 2.3 Phosphorus deficiency and its effects on root development -- 2.4 Potassium deficiency and impacts on disease resistance -- 2.5 Calcium deficiency and its role in cell wall integrity -- 2.6 Magnesium and chlorophyll production: Impacts of deficiency -- 2.6.1 Impacts of magnesium deficiency -- 2.6.2 Physiological mechanisms underlying magnesium deficiency -- 2.7 Sulfur deficiency and protein synthesis -- 2.8 Interactions between macronutrient deficiencies -- 2.9 Conclusions and future directions -- References.
Chapter 3 Sustainable practices in soil chemistry for enhanced plant nutrition -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Nitrogen cycle and fixation in sustainable soil chemistry -- 3.3 Phosphorus solubilization and bioavailability -- 3.4 Managing soil pH for nutrient availability -- 3.5 Sustainable practices to enhance soil organic matter -- 3.6 Sustainable agriculture practices -- 3.7 Soil chemistry -- 3.8 Key sustainable farming practices -- 3.9 Carbon farming -- 3.10 Conservation farming/agriculture -- 3.11 Sustainable pest management -- 3.12 Precision farming/agriculture -- 3.13 Impact on soil health -- 3.14 Improvement of soil structure and fertility -- 3.15 Enhancement of soil biodiversity -- 3.16 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 4 Plant uptake and transport of soil nutrients -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.1.1 Plant and soil interaction -- 4.1.2 Overview of nutrient uptake and migration mechanisms -- 4.1.3 Mechanisms of nutrient uptake -- 4.2 Soil nutrients and their availability -- 4.3 Types of nutrients in soil -- 4.3.1 Macronutrients in Soil -- 4.3.2 Optional macronutrients in soil -- 4.3.3 Micronutrients in soil -- 4.4 Nutrient change and accessibility -- 4.5 Factors affecting nutrient availability in soil -- 4.6 Factors influencing nutrient migration in soil -- 4.7 The role of soil microorganisms in nutrient uptake -- 4.8 Kinds of soil microorganisms associated with nutrient take-up -- 4.9 Mechanisms of microbial-mediated nutrient uptake -- 4.10 Nutrient deficiency and toxicity in plants -- 4.11 Contextual analyses and uses of nutrient management in various biological systems -- 4.12 Nutrient management in various environments -- 4.13 Agriculture practices for improving nutrient take-up -- 4.14 Ecological ramifications of nutrient relocation -- 4.15 Sustainable nutrient management strategies.
4.16 Future perspectives on nutrient management and plant-soil interactions -- 4.17 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 5 Alkaline and acidic soils pose problems for nutrient availability: Mitigation strategies -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Classification of alkaline and acidic soils globally -- 5.3 Main factors of acidic soils formation -- 5.4 Main factors of alkaline soils formation -- 5.5 Nutrients status in alkaline and acidic soils -- 5.6 Impact of soil acidity (low soil pH) and soil alkalinity (high soil pH) on soil health and crop growth -- 5.7 Mitigating strategies to handle acidic or alkaline soils -- 5.7.1 Fertilizer management based on 4R nutrient stewardship -- 5.8 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 6 Anion dynamics of nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur in soil chemistry -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.1.1 Overview of soil chemistry -- 6.1.2 Applications of anion dynamics in agriculture -- 6.1.3 Role of anions in soil fertility -- 6.1.4 Nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur in soil ecosystem -- 6.1.5 Anion dynamics in soil -- 6.1.6 Factors affecting anion movement -- 6.1.7 Interaction with soil colloids and pH -- 6.1.8 Nitrogen dynamics in soil -- 6.1.9 Phosphorus dynamics in soil -- 6.1.10 Sulfur dynamics in soil -- 6.1.11 Methods for studying anion dynamics -- 6.1.12 Soil management practices -- 6.1.13 Enhancing microbial activity for anion regulation -- 6.1.14 Role of biotechnology in anion regulation -- 6.1.15 Anion dynamics in different soil types -- 6.1.16 Future research directions -- 6.2 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 7 Micronutrients trace elements' chemistry and soil uptake -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.1.1 Micronutrients and their importance in plants physiology -- 7.1.2 Overview of key micronutrients: Iron, zinc, manganese, copper, boron, molybdenum, and chlorine -- 7.1.3 Molybdenum.
7.1.4 Role of soil-plant interactions in micronutrient availability -- 7.1.5 Chapter scope -- 7.2 Iron deficiency and its impact on photosynthesis -- 7.2.1 Iron plays an important role in chlorophyll synthesis and as a co-factor required for enzyme activation -- 7.2.2 Chlorophyll synthesis -- 7.2.3 Enzyme activation -- 7.3 Deficiency Symptoms: Like Other Nitrogen Chloroses, Diazotrophic Interveinal Chlorosis is Accompanied by a Pronounced, but not Essential, Reduction in Photosynthesis -- 7.3.1 Iron availability in relation to soil conditions -- 7.3.2 Nutrient interactions -- 7.4 Zinc stress and its role in enzyme function -- 7.4.1 Zinc's role in protein synthesis and hormone production -- 7.4.2 Deficiency symptoms: Stunted growth, small leaves -- 7.5 Manganese deficiency and plant metabolism -- 7.5.1 Deficiency symptoms: Cereals gray speck disease and reduced enzyme activity -- 7.5.2 Availability of manganese in soils -- 7.5.3 Nutrient interactions -- 7.6 Copper stress and lignin formation -- 7.6.1 The role of copper in lignin synthesis -- 7.6.2 Deficiency symptoms: Dieback and poor root growth -- 7.6.3 Chemistry of soil and the availability of copper -- 7.7 Boron deficiency and cell wall structure -- 7.7.1 The role of boron in cell wall formation and reproductive growth -- 7.7.2 Deficiency symptoms: Poor germination of pollen or brittle stems are rarely seen -- 7.7.3 The effect of soil pH and organic matter on boron availability -- 7.8 Molybdenum deficiency and nitrogen fixation -- 7.8.1 Role of molybdenum in nitrate reductase activity and nitrogen fixation -- 7.8.2 Deficiency symptoms: There are leaves that are pale and poor utilization of nitrogen -- 7.8.3 Molybdenum availability in relation to soil conditions -- 7.9 Soil-plant interactions and micronutrient dynamics -- 7.10 Future research directions and conclusion -- References.
Chapter 8 Redox reactions and their influence on the nutrient availability of plants -- 8.1 Introduction to redox reactions in soil -- 8.1.1 Overview of redox reactions in soil environments -- 8.1.2 Importance of redox reactions for nutrient cycling -- 8.1.3 Role of soil aeration, pH, and microbial activity in redox reactions -- 8.2 Influence of redox reactions on iron and manganese availability -- 8.2.1 Iron and manganese oxidation and reduction mechanisms -- 8.2.2 Soil conditions leading to iron and manganese solubilization -- 8.3 Redox-induced phosphorus mobilization and immobilization -- 8.3.1 Phosphorus availability in reducing and oxidizing conditions -- 8.3.2 Phosphorus sorption and precipitation dynamics in waterlogged soils -- 8.3.3 Role of microbial communities in phosphorus mobilization -- 8.4 Redox reactions affecting sulfur and nitrogen cycles -- 8.4.1 Sulfur oxidation and reduction in soil environments -- 8.4.2 Nitrogen reduction pathways: Denitrification and nitrate leaching -- 8.4.3 Impact of redox fluctuations on nitrogen and sulfur availability for plants -- 8.5 The role of redox potential in micronutrient availability -- 8.5.1 Impact of redox changes on zinc, copper, and molybdenum availability -- 8.5.2 How redox potential affects micronutrient toxicity or deficiency -- 8.5.3 Soil management strategies for regulating redox potential -- 8.6 Redox-mediated rhizosphere interactions -- 8.6.1 Role of root exudates in altering redox potential -- 8.6.2 Redox-driven changes in rhizosphere chemistry and microbial activity -- 8.6.3 Influence on nutrient solubilization and uptake -- 8.7 Environmental and agronomic implications of redox reactions -- 8.7.1 How waterlogging, irrigation, and soil management practices impact redox conditions -- 8.7.2 Case studies: Redox-induced nutrient deficiencies and their management.
8.7.3 Technological approaches for monitoring and modifying soil redox potential.