http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3 http://www.loc.gov/standards/mods/v3/mods-3-2.xsd
1 online resource (xv, 358 pages) : color illustrations, maps, charts
Soil Pollution: From Monitoring to Remediation, Second Edition provides a comprehensive overview of the causes of soil pollution, distribution, transport, and fate of pollutants and transformation of pollutants in soil and metabolite accumulation. Soil pollution has increased over the last decades and may pose a risk for human and ecological health. The book expands and updates on current knowledge with an increased focus on PFAs and micronanplastics. The new edition also includes a new chapter on the One Health initiative. In this book, researchers and students in soil science will find appropriate and comprehensive information on organic, inorganic, and nanoparticle pollutants in soil, methodologies for their monitoring, and data reporting processes in order to gain adequate insights of pollution problems caused by these pollutants.
Front Cover -- Soil Pollution: From Monitoring to Remediation -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- List of contributors -- Preface -- 1 Introduction to the main issues of soil pollution -- 1.1 General aspects of soil -- 1.1.1 Soil as a vital resource -- 1.1.2 Soil quality and soil health -- 1.1.3 Soil contamination as a major pressure -- 1.2 Soil pollution: major causes -- 1.2.1 Types of contaminants -- 1.2.2 Origin and sources of soil pollution -- 1.2.3 Transport and fate of pollutants -- 1.3 Potential effects on the environment and human health -- 1.3.1 Tools to assess risks -- 1.3.1.1 Ecological risk assessment -- 1.3.1.2 Human health risk assessment -- 1.4 Strategies and policies for soil protection -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 2 Distribution, transport, and fate of pollutants -- 2.1 Soil pollution overview -- 2.1.1 Soil concept and characteristics -- 2.1.2 Types of pollutants -- 2.1.2.1 Potentially toxic elements -- 2.1.2.2 Organic pollutants -- 2.1.3 Conceptual soil pollution model -- 2.2 Factors affecting soil-pollutant distribution, transport, and fate -- 2.2.1 Key physical and chemical properties of soils -- 2.2.1.1 Soil texture -- 2.2.1.2 Soil structure -- 2.2.1.3 Soil, liquid, and gaseous phases -- 2.2.1.4 pH -- 2.2.1.5 Redox potential (Eh) -- 2.2.1.6 Cation exchange capacity -- 2.2.1.7 Soil organic matter -- 2.2.1.8 Clay minerals -- 2.2.1.9 Al-, Fe-(oxy)hydroxides -- 2.2.2 Soil-pollutant interactions processes -- 2.2.2.1 Release processes -- 2.2.2.1.1 Hydrolysis -- 2.2.2.1.2 Redox reactions -- 2.2.2.1.3 Photodegradation -- 2.2.2.1.4 Biodegradation -- 2.2.2.1.5 Dissolution -- 2.2.2.1.6 Volatilization -- 2.2.2.2 Retention processes -- 2.2.2.2.1 Adsorption -- 2.2.2.2.2 Precipitation/surface precipitation -- 2.2.2.2.3 Incorporation in biological agents (bioaccumulation) -- 2.3 Soil pollutants transport -- 2.3.1 Migration pathways.
2.3.1.1 Wind transport -- 2.3.1.2 Erosion and mass wasting -- 2.3.1.3 Water transport -- 2.3.2 Processes involved in pollutants transport -- 2.3.2.1 Advection, dispersion, and diffusion -- 2.3.2.2 Colloid-facilitated transport -- 2.4 Methodologies for modeling pollutants leaching and transport: an overview -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 3 Changes in soil ecosystem structure and functions due to soil contamination -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Soil ecosystem structure -- 3.2.1 Soil structure -- 3.2.2 Soil biodiversity -- 3.2.3 Soil food webs -- 3.2.4 Relationships between soil biodiversity and ecosystem functions -- 3.2.5 Effects of contaminants on soil community structure -- 3.3 Soil ecosystem functions -- 3.3.1 Carbon transformations -- 3.3.2 Nutrient cycling -- 3.3.3 Soil structure maintenance -- 3.3.4 Biological population regulation -- 3.4 Soil ecosystem services -- 3.4.1 Provisioning services -- 3.4.2 Regulating services -- 3.4.3 Supporting services -- 3.4.4 Cultural services -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Further reading -- 4 Pollutant transformation and metabolite accumulation in soils -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Transformation of pollutants and respective formation of metabolites in soils -- 4.2.1 Determination of pollutants, their transformation products and metabolites in soils -- 4.2.2 Mechanisms underlying transformation of pollutants and metabolite formation in soils -- 4.2.3 Biological degradation -- 4.2.4 Chemical degradation: photolysis and hydrolysis -- 4.3 Conclusions and perspectives -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 5 Organic pollutants in soils -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Sources, behavior, and fate of organic pollutants in soils -- 5.2.1 Organic pollutants in soils and their implication for soil pollution -- 5.2.2 Effect of soil composition in limiting organic pollution in soils.
5.3 Analytical strategies for determining organic pollutants in soils -- 5.3.1 Sample handling/treatment for organic pollutant analysis in soils -- 5.3.2 Identification and quantification of organic pollutants in soils -- 5.4 Concluding remarks -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 6 Inorganic pollutants in soils -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Sources and levels of potential toxic elements in soils -- 6.3 Methodologies for monitoring potential toxic element in soils -- 6.4 Case studies -- 6.4.1 Copper in Douro vineyards soils -- 6.4.1.1 Background information -- 6.4.1.2 Characterization of the study area and sampling -- 6.5 Results and discussion -- 6.5.1 Final remarks -- 6.5.2 Sources and spatial distribution of Cr and Pb in the soils of Athens -- 6.5.2.1 Background information -- 6.5.2.2 Characterization of the study area and sampling -- 6.5.2.3 Comparison of variability and spatial patterns of Cr and Pb in soil -- 6.5.2.4 Implications for sampling protocols and risk assessment -- 6.5.3 Soil contamination by arsenic and metals in a historical mining zone (Zimapán, Mexico) -- 6.5.3.1 Background information -- 6.5.3.2 Site description -- 6.5.3.3 Occurrence of arsenic and other potential toxic elements in Zimapán soils -- References -- 7 Nanomaterials as soil pollutants -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Routes of entry of ENMs into soil during nano-enabled products life cycle -- 7.2.1 Uncontrolled release during the use phase -- 7.2.2 Uncontrolled release during the end-of-life -- 7.2.3 Controlled release -- 7.3 Fate in soil -- 7.3.1 Deposition and transport -- 7.3.2 Environmental transformations of engineered nanomaterials -- 7.3.3 Aging of engineered nanomaterials in soil -- 7.4 Bioavailability of engineered nanomaterials -- 7.5 Biological interactions of engineered nanomaterials in soils -- 7.6 Exposure and hazard assessment of engineered nanomaterials.
7.7 Toxicokinetics of engineered nanomaterials -- 7.8 Trophic transfer of engineered nanomaterials -- References -- 8 Micro(nano)plastics as soil pollutants -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.1.1 What are microplastics and nanoplastics? -- 8.2 Sources of micro- and nanoplastics in soils -- 8.3 Movement of micro- and nanoplastics in soils -- 8.4 Effects of micro- and nanoplastics in soils -- 8.4.1 Soil structure and composition -- 8.4.2 Microbial communities -- 8.4.3 Fauna and plants -- 8.4.4 Micro- and nanoplastics and environmental contaminants -- 8.5 Outlook -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 9 Ecotoxicological effects and risk assessment of pollutants -- 9.1 Soil ecotoxicology in risk assessment: applications and developments -- 9.2 Frameworks, legal support, and implementation of ERA -- 9.2.1 Europe -- 9.2.1.1 Predictive ERA -- 9.2.1.2 Retrospective ERA -- 9.2.1.3 Derivation and implementation of guidelines -- 9.2.2 United States -- 9.2.2.1 Predictive chemical ERA -- 9.2.2.2 Retrospective chemical ERA -- 9.2.3 Brazil -- 9.3 Future perspectives -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 10 Human health risks and soil pollution -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Human health risks from soil pollution -- 10.2.1 Overview of relevant pollutants and their pathways into the environment -- 10.2.2 Routes of entry/exposure pathways -- 10.3 Factors affecting potential human health hazardous effects -- 10.3.1 Toxicity of soil pollutants -- 10.3.2 Fraction of the soil pollutant which is available for humans -- 10.3.3 Other factors -- 10.4 Tools to assess human health risks -- 10.4.1 Regulatory frameworks -- 10.4.2 Soil screening values/guideline values -- 10.4.3 Tools to assess fate and exposure to soil pollutants -- 10.4.3.1 Methods for characterizing the fate of pollutants in soils.
10.4.3.2 Methods to determine soil-plant transfer of soil pollutants (bioconcentration factors/uptake Modeling) -- 10.4.3.3 Methods to measure oral bioavailability/bioaccessibility -- 10.4.3.4 Exposure modeling -- 10.4.4 Site-specific assessment -- 10.5 Inclusion of site-specific bioavailability measurements in risk assessment -- 10.6 Case-studies -- 10.6.1 Urban soils' pollution and human health -- 10.6.2 Bioavailability of mercury in soils -- 10.6.3 Fate and uptake of engineered nanomaterials from soils -- 10.6.4 Polyfluoroalkyl substances, the "forever chemicals" -- 10.7 Conclusions -- References -- 11 Strategies for agricultural soil protection and conservation -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Effect of agricultural practices and management on the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of soils: synergies or antagonisms -- 11.2.1 Tillage -- 11.2.2 Cover crops -- 11.2.3 Fertilizers -- 11.3 Protecting soil's health in agricultural valorization of sewage sludges -- 11.3.1 Legal framework in Europe on the agricultural valorization of sewage sludge -- 11.3.2 Questions connected with the sewage sludge treatment and their potential impact on soils' health -- 11.3.3 Contaminants of emerging concern-the case of microplastics -- 11.3.4 The importance of the long-term field experiments and the way ahead -- 11.4 Application of animal manure to soils: issues and benefits -- 11.4.1 What is animal manure and why should we apply it to soil? -- 11.4.2 Fertilizer value of animal manures -- 11.4.3 Environmental impacts associated to manure application to soil -- 11.5 Application of holm oak biochar in combination with different irrigation methods as strategy to increase soil quality and productivity for rice production -- 11.5.1 Introduction to the effects of different management in rice -- 11.5.2 Metal(loid)s in different rice soil management.
edited by Teresa A.P. Rocha-Santos, Anabela Cachada and Armando C. Duarte.
Includes bibliographical references and index.