Lignin-drivin advanced materials : the state-of-the art.

Lignin-driven Advanced Materials: The State-of-the-Art offers a pioneering approach to address the multifaceted challenges in the production of lignin-derived materials.This comprehensive book covers the creation of value-added products such as carbon materials, nanoparticles, energy storage materia...

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Bibliographic Details
Corporate Author:	ScienceDirect (Online service)
Format:	eBook
Language:	English
Published:	[S.l.] : Elsevier, 2025.
Subjects:	Lignin. Materials. Lignine. Matériaux. lignin. Electronic books.
Online Access:	Connect to the full text of this electronic book

Table of Contents:

Front Cover
Lignin-Driven Advanced Materials: The State-of-the-Art
Copyright Page
Contents
List of contributors
Preface
1 Lignin: the fundamentals
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Chemical composition of lignin
1.2.1 Phenolic lignin
1.2.2 Catechyl lignin
1.3 Lignin variations in plant species
1.4 Structural characteristics of the macromolecular architecture of lignin
1.5 Lignin biosynthesis
1.5.1 Phenylpropanoid pathway
1.5.2 Genetic regulation
1.6 Monomeric building blocks of lignin
1.7 Properties of structural functionality of lignin
1.8 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
2 Pretreatment methods for lignin fractionation
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Overview of pretreatment techniques for lignin extraction
2.3 Physical pretreatment methods
2.4 Chemical pretreatment methods
2.4.1 Acid-based pretreatments
2.4.2 Alkali-based pretreatments
2.4.3 Solvent-based pretreatment
2.4.3.1 Organosolv pretreatment
2.4.3.2 Deep eutectic solvent pretreatments
2.4.3.3 Ionic liquid pretreatments
2.5 Physico-chemical pretreatment methods
2.6 Challenges and limitations in pretreatment for lignin extraction
2.7 Future perspectives in lignin extraction pretreatment
2.8 Conclusions
References
3 Advanced analytical tools for lignin characterization
3.1 Introduction to lignin characterization
3.2 Traditional analytical methods for lignin characterization
3.2.1 Lignin content and functional group abundance determination
3.2.2 Wet chemical methods
3.3 Spectroscopic techniques
3.3.1 Infrared spectroscopy
3.3.2 Ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy
3.3.3 Raman spectroscopy
3.3.4 Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
3.4 Chromatographic techniques
3.4.1 Gel permeation chromatography
3.4.2 Gas chromatography
3.4.3 Liquid chromatography.
3.5 Pyrolysis techniques
3.5.1 Pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry
3.5.2 Thermal analysis
3.6 Imaging techniques
3.6.1 Electron microscopy
3.6.2 Fluorescence microscopy
3.6.3 Combination of spectroscopic techniques and microscopy
3.7 Advanced computational approaches
3.7.1 Lignin model based on deduction
3.7.2 Lignin model based on statistical simulation
3.7.3 Lignin model based on molecular simulation
3.8 Emerging technologies and future perspectives
3.8.1 Coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering microscopy
3.8.2 Stimulated Raman scattering microscopy
3.8.3 Advanced solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance
3.8.4 Operando spectroscopy
3.9 Conclusion
References
4 Requirements and features of lignin for advanced materials
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Physicochemical properties of lignin
4.2.1 Molecular weight
4.2.2 Glass transition temperature
4.2.3 Thermal decomposition
4.2.4 Solubility
4.2.5 Ultraviolet resistance and antioxidant properties
4.2.5.1 Ultraviolet resistance
4.2.5.2 Antioxidant properties
4.3 Influence of extraction method on physicochemical properties
4.3.1 Sulfur-containing lignin
4.3.1.1 Kraft lignin
4.3.1.2 Lignosulfonates
4.3.2 Sulfur-free lignin
4.3.2.1 Organosolv lignin
4.3.2.2 Alkali lignin
4.4 Lignin modification and functionalization for advanced materials
4.4.1 Esterification
4.4.2 Urethanization
4.4.3 Amination
4.4.4 Phenolization
4.5 Lignin value-added materials
4.6 Outlook and features
4.7 Conclusion
References
5 Lignin-based carbon fiber
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Carbon fibers and lignin-based carbon fibers
5.3 Lignin production from lignocellulose biomass and pretreatment approaches
5.3.1 Chemical pretreatment
5.3.2 Physicochemical treatment
5.3.3 Biological treatment.
5.4 Formation of lignin-based carbon fibers
5.4.1 Spinning processing of lignin
5.4.1.1 Electrospinning
5.4.1.2 Chemical vapor deposition method
5.4.2 Stabilization step
5.4.3 Carbonization step
5.4.4 Graphitization and surface treatment
5.5 Applications of lignin-based carbon fibers and lignin-based carbon nanofibers
5.5.1 Energy storage field
5.5.2 Heat resistant products
5.5.3 Environmental fields
5.6 Some considerations regarding the lignin carbon fiber products
5.6.1 Environmental consideration
5.6.2 Enhancement of lignin purity
5.6.3 Development of the pipeline steps and scalability
5.6.4 Construction of new scientific significance
5.6.5 Required properties
5.7 Conclusion
References
6 Lignin-based antimicrobial materials
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Potential of lignin as an antimicrobial agent
6.2.1 Lignin as a sustainable alternative to conventional metal-based compounds
6.2.2 Antimicrobial mechanism, activity, and determination methods
6.2.2.1 Agar diffusion
6.2.2.2 Broth microdilution
6.2.2.3 Agar dilution
6.2.3 Factors influencing the antimicrobial activity of lignin
6.2.3.1 Source and extraction methods
6.2.3.2 Influence of functional groups
6.2.3.3 Zeta potential
6.2.3.4 Bacterial structures
6.2.4 Antiviral properties of lignin
6.3 Utilization of lignin-based materials
6.3.1 Food packaging
6.3.2 Medical devices and implants
6.3.3 Wound healing and infection control
6.3.4 Water treatment and purification
6.4 Conclusion and future direction
Acknowledgments
References
7 Lignin-based rechargeable batteries and supercapacitors
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Lignin in nature and industry
7.2.1 Electrochemical properties of lignin
7.3 Applications of lignin-based batteries
7.3.1 Lignin-based materials in the anode.
7.3.2 Lignin-based materials in the cathode
7.3.3 Lignin-based polymer in the electrolyte
7.3.4 Lignin-based binder
7.3.5 Lignin-based separator
7.3.6 Lignin-based supercapacitor electrodes
7.4 Conclusion
References
8 Lignin-based films and coatings
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Properties of lignin relevant to film and coating applications
8.2.1 Thermal stability and mechanical properties of lignin
8.2.2 Barrier and functional properties of lignin
8.3 Applications of lignin-based films and coatings
8.3.1 Packaging materials for food products
8.3.2 Biodegradable mulches and agricultural films
8.3.3 Surface coatings for wood and composites
8.3.4 Biomedical and pharmaceutical applications
8.3.5 Textile industries
8.4 Environmental benefits and challenges
8.4.1 Carbon footprint reduction for sustainability
8.4.2 Biodegradability and end-of-life considerations
8.4.3 Challenges and limitations in commercialization
8.5 Future prospects and emerging trends
8.5.1 Advances in lignin modification techniques
8.5.2 Integration with nanotechnology and other polymers
8.5.3 Market outlook and potential growth areas
8.6 Conclusion
References
9 Lignin-based composites
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Lignin modification for composite applications
9.3 Lignin-based composites: development and benefits
9.3.1 Early research and exploration
9.3.2 Advances in lignin isolation and purification
9.3.3 Development of thermoplastic and thermoset lignin composites
9.3.4 Benefits of lignin in composites
9.4 Properties of lignin composites
9.5 Processing of lignin composites
9.5.1 Mixing methods
9.5.2 Fabrication techniques
9.5.3 Advancements in processing and functionalization
9.6 Applications of lignin-based composites
9.7 Commercialization and industrial applications.
9.7.1 Current commercial products and market
9.7.2 Challenges and strategies for commercialization
9.7.3 Emerging industrial applications
9.8 Future perspectives and challenges
9.8.1 Emerging trends and research directions
9.8.2 Technological and economic challenges
9.8.3 Environmental and sustainability considerations
9.9 Conclusions
References
10 Lignin-based hydrogels, aerogels, and adhesives
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Synthesis of lignin-based hydrogels
10.2.1 Synthesis of lignin-based hydrogels
10.2.2 Biomedical applications of lignin-based hydrogels
10.2.3 Cross-linking strategies
10.3 Lignin-based aerogels: fabrication and characterization
10.3.1 Sol-gel processing of lignin aerogels
10.3.2 Structural characterization techniques
10.3.3 Thermal and mechanical properties of lignin aerogels
10.4 Adhesive formulations using lignin
10.4.1 Lignin as a bio-based adhesive component
10.4.2 Bonding mechanisms and strength
10.4.2.1 Several factors influence the bonding strength of lignin-based adhesives Lignin type
10.4.2.1.1 Lignin type
10.4.2.2 Modification methods
10.4.2.3 Application conditions
10.4.3 Lignin-based additives: a sustainable alternative
10.4.4 Applications of lignin-based additives
10.5 Challenges and future directions
10.6 Conclusions
References
11 Lignin-based thermoplastic
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Lignin-based thermoplastic: fabrication and characterization
11.2.1 Lignin-based renewable epoxy resin synthesis
11.2.2 Lignin-based green polyurethanes and polyesters synthesis
11.2.3 Thermal and mechanical properties of lignin thermoplastic
11.3 Applications of lignin-based thermoplastic
11.3.1 Lignin as a vital thermoplastic for electric vehicle/tractor supplies
11.3.2 Lignin as a vital thermoplastic for packaging materials.