Studies in Natural Products Chemistry.

This volume, part of the 'Studies in Natural Products Chemistry' series, focuses on bioactive natural products with therapeutic potential. It presents research on natural compounds and their applications in treating various diseases, including COVID-19, cancer, and non-communicable disease...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author:	Rahman, Atta-ur-
Corporate Author:	ScienceDirect (Online service)
Other Authors:	Atta-ur-Rahman
Format:	eBook
Language:	English
Published:	Chantilly : Elsevier, 2024.
Edition:	1st ed.
Series:	Issn Series.
Subjects:	Natural products. Therapeutics. Electronic books.
Online Access:	Connect to the full text of this electronic book

Table of Contents:

Front Cover
Studies in Natural Products Chemistry
STUDIES IN NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY
Studies in Natural Products Chemistry
Copyright
Contents
Contributors
1
The potential of natural products for the suppression of SARS-CoV-2 replication
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19)
Current status and issues on COVID-19 treatments
The current status of drug development
The importance of natural products as candidate compounds for novel treatments
SARS-CoV-2
Structure of SARS-CoV-2
S protein
M protein
N protein
E protein
Life cycle of SARS-CoV-2
Entry into host cells
Viral gene expression and viral RNA synthesis
Release from the host cell
Natural product-derived candidate molecules for novel therapeutic agents against SARS-CoV-2
Candidate molecules targeting the stage of entry into host cells
Amentoflavone, celastrol, dioscin, epimedin C, saikosaponin C and torvoside K (Table 1.3 no. 1-6)
Cyanovirin-N (Table 1.3 no. 7)
Gallinamide A and its derivatives (Table 1.3 no. 8, 9)
H69C2 (Table 1.3 no. 10)
Hernandezine, neferine, and tetrandrine (Table 1.3 no. 11-13)
Isorhamnetin (Table 1.3 no. 14)
Kuwanon C (Table 1.3 no. 15)
ZINC02111387 (Table 1.3 no. 16)
Candidate molecules targeting the stage of viral gene expression and viral RNA synthesis
Apratoxin S4 (Table 1.3 no. 17)
Aspulvinone D, aspulvinone M, aspulvinone R, and neochinulin A (Table 1.3 no. 18-21)
Aurasperone A (Table 1.3 no. 22)
Baicalin, baicalein (Table 1.3 no. 23, 24)
D-CDP1 and D-CDP7 (Table 1.3 no. 25)
Dieckol, Diphlorethohydroxycarmalol (DPHC), eckmaxol and ishophloroglucin A (IPA) (Table 1.3 no. 26-29)
Emetine (Table 1.3 no. 30)
Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), epicatechin gallate (ECG) (Table 1.3 no. 31, 32)
Fidaxomicin and rifabutin (Table 1.3 no. 33, 34).
Gardenin A, 6-gingerol, 6-paradol and thymoquinone (Table 1.3 no. 35-38)
Homoharringtonine (Table 1.3 no. 39)
Isoliensinine (Table 1.3 no. 40)
Neochinulin B (Table 1.3 no. 41)
Quercetin (Table 1.3 no. 42)
Sanggenon C, sanggenon G, sanggenon O (Table 1.3 no. 43)
(+)-Usnic acid (Table 1.3 no. 44)
Other candidate molecules
Berbamine, BE-33 (Table 1.3 no. 45, 46)
Berberine (Table 1.3 no. 47)
Cepharanthine (Table 1.3 no. 48)
Discussion
Some natural products have a high potential for anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity
Natural products have various mechanisms of action for anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity
Modification from natural products is useful for drug development
Toward approval as a pharmaceutical product
Efficacy
Safety
Quality
Others
Conclusion
Abbreviations
Acknowledgments
References
2
Anticancerous sulfides from onion, Welsh onion, and garlic
Introduction
Extraction and separation of onion, Welsh onion, and garlic
Structures of isolated sulfides from garlic, onion, and Welsh onion
Isolated sulfides
I. Acyclic type
Garlicnin L-1
Garlicnin L-2
Garlicnin L-3
Garlicnin L-4
II. 3,4-dimethylthiolane-type
A. 2-ols
Onionin A1
Onionin A2
Onionin A3
Garlicnin A
Garlicnin B1
Garlicnin B2
Garlicnin B3
Garlicnin B4
B. 2-oxos
Onionin B1
Onionin B2
C. 1-oxides
Garlicnin C1
Garlicnin C2
Garlicnin C3
Garlicnin M
III 2-methylthiolane/thiane-type
Garlicnin I1
Garlicnin I2
Garlicnin J1
Garlicnin J2
IV. 1,2-dithiolane-type
Garlicnin G
Garlicnin P
Hypothetic pathways to respective sulfides
Effect on macrophage activation and antitumor activity of thiolane-type sulfide (onionin A1)
Thiolane-type sulfide (onionin A1) suppressed M2 macrophage activation.
Thiolane-type sulfide (onionin A1) suppressed protumoral functions of macrophages
Thiolane-type sulfide (onionin A1) suppressed tumor progression and metastasis in tumor injected mice
Conclusion
Conflict of interest
References
3
Clinically tested marine mollusk-derived anticancer agents: Chemico-pharmacological aspects
Introduction
Kahalalide F
Pharmacology and clinical trials of kahalalide F
Chemical synthesis of kahalalide F
Dolastatins
Pharmacology and clinical trials of dolastatin-10 and -15
Chemical synthesis of dolastatin-10 and -15
Spisulosine
Pharmacology and clinical trials of spisulosine
Chemical synthesis of spisulosine
Ziconotide
Pharmacology and clinical trials of ziconotide
Chemical synthesis of ziconotide
Key gaps, challenges, and future prospects
Elucidating mechanisms of action
Structural optimization and activity relationship studies
Exploration of synergistic effects
Pharmacokinetics and drug delivery systems
Overcoming resistance and long-term efficacy
Biomarker identification and personalized medicine
Combination with immunotherapy
Concluding remarks
Abbreviations
References
4
Structural studies of enzymes utilized for the stereoselective biosynthesis of d-cycloserine
Introduction
DcsD
Overall structure
Tetrameric structure
Active site
Residues important for the catalytic reaction
DcsC
Overall structure
Active site
Model of the binding between DcsC and L-OUS
Proposed catalytic mechanism of DcsC
DcsG
Overall structure
ATP-binding site
Substrate-binding site
Catalytic mechanism of the DcsG reaction
Residues important for substrate specificity
Conclusions
Abbreviations
References.
9
Natural products exhibiting antiobesity effects in dogs and cats
Extract from freshwater microalga (astaxanthin)
Extract from lacquer tree (Quercetin compound)
Shiitake powder
Conclusion
References
10
Bacteriocins incorporated into edible films and coatings: A sustainable approach to enhance food preservation
Introduction
Food preservation
Importance of packaging in food quality preservation and waste reduction
Edible films and coatings for food preservation
Antimicrobial agents for food preservation
Bacteriocins
Structure and classification of bacteriocins
Bacteriocins and their differences from antibiotics
The utilization of bacteriocins as food preservatives
Bacteriocins in bioactive packaging
Edible films and coatings as a bioactive packaging approach
Using bacteriocins in edible film and coatings
Incorporating bacteriocins into edible films and coatings
Use of nisin in edible films and coatings
Use of other bacteriocins in edible films and coatings
Use of bacteriocin producing strain (BPS) in edible films and coatings
Challenges and future aspects
Conclusion
References
11
Phytochemicals as alternatives of antibiotics in modulation of gut microbiota
Introduction
Gut microbiota
The gastrointestinal tract as a microbial ecosystem
Composition of the human gut microbiota
Physiological functions of the gut microbiota
Metabolic functions
Trophic functions
Protective functions
Gut microbiota dysbiosis and antibiotics
Antibiotic resistance in the gut microbiota
Phytochemicals
Antimicrobial effects of phytochemicals on gut microbiota demonstrated with in vitro and animal studies
Potential modes of action of antimicrobial effects of phytochemicals
Disruption of cell wall structure and inhibition of bacterial physiology.