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Human-centric integration of 6G-enabled technologies for modern society : fundamentals, applications, analysis and challenges /

Human-Centric Integration of 6G-Enabled Technologies for Modern Society: Fundamentals, Applications, Analysis and Challenges serves as a comprehensive reference, addressing the information needs of professionals by providing deep information about the fundamentals and applications of 6G, enabling th...

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Bibliographic Details
Corporate Author: ScienceDirect (Online service)
Other Authors: Tyagi, Amit Kumar (Editor), Tiwari, Shrikant (Editor)
Format: eBook
Language:English
Published: London : Academic Press is an imprint of Elsevier, 2025.
Subjects:
6G mobile communication systems.
Electronic books.
Online Access:Connect to the full text of this electronic book
Table of Contents:
  • Front Cover
  • Human-Centric Integration of 6G-Enabled Technologies for Modern Society
  • Copyright
  • Contents
  • List of contributors
  • Preface
  • 1 Introduction to 6G technology
  • 1.1 Introduction
  • 1.1.1 Which demands
  • 1.2 Technological advancements that will impact networks in the future
  • 1.2.1 The development of radio-access network architecture over time
  • 1.2.2 Concept of migration and spectrum aggregation
  • 1.2.3 Progression of core network architecture
  • 1.3 Assumptions of 6G technology
  • 1.4 The 6G radio-access network is an emerging independent radio-access technology
  • 1.5 To accommodate 5G core in 6G radio-access network and novel applications
  • 1.6 The evolution of wireless technology
  • 1.7 6G enabling technologies
  • 1.7.1 Collaborative communication and sensing
  • 1.7.2 Sub-THz is a term used to describe frequencies that are below the terahertz range
  • 1.7.3 Multiple-input multiple-output technology
  • 1.7.4 Artificial intelligence and machine learning
  • 1.8 Challenges of 6G technology
  • 1.9 Opportunities or possibilities of 6G technology
  • 1.10 Benefits of 6G versus 5G technology
  • 1.11 Need of sixth generation technology
  • 1.12 Applications of 6G technology
  • 1.12.1 Telecommunications
  • 1.12.2 Self-driving vehicles
  • 1.12.3 Internet of Things
  • 1.12.4 Extended reality
  • 1.13 Research on 6G technology
  • 1.14 Future scope of 6G networks
  • 1.15 Conclusion
  • References
  • 2 Evolution of wireless communication
  • 2.1 Introduction
  • 2.1.1 What is wireless communication?
  • 2.1.2 Components of remote communication systems
  • 2.1.3 Era of wireless communication
  • 2.1.4 Definitions for mobile communication
  • 2.1.5 Electromagnetic spectrum for telecommunication
  • 2.1.6 Multiple access techniques
  • 2.1.6.1 Frequency-division multiple access
  • 2.1.6.2 Time-division multiple access.
  • 2.1.6.3 Code-division multiple access
  • 2.1.7 Evolution of zero generation
  • 2.1.8 Overall capacity is very less
  • 2.1.8.1 Evolution from 1G to 7G
  • 2.1.8.1.1 First generation
  • 2.1.8.2 Second generation
  • 2.1.8.3 2.5G (second generation)
  • 2.1.8.4 Third generation
  • 2.1.8.5 Fourth generation
  • 2.1.8.6 Fifth generation
  • 2.1.8.6.1 Adoption of 5G
  • 2.1.8.6.2 Prediction of 5G usage as of November 2023
  • 2.1.8.6.3 Region-wise growth of 5G as of November 2023
  • 2.1.8.6.4 5G usage scenarios
  • 2.1.8.6.5 5G use cases
  • 2.1.8.7 Sixth generation
  • 2.1.8.7.1 Six pillars of 6G vision
  • 2.1.8.7.2 6G prospects
  • 2.1.8.7.3 6G Capabilities
  • 2.1.8.7.4 6G use cases
  • 2.1.8.8 Seventh generation
  • 2.2 Conclusion
  • References
  • 3 Fundamentals of 6G networks
  • 3.1 Introduction
  • 3.1.1 Full coverage connectivity
  • 3.1.2 Connected intelligent network
  • 3.1.3 Sustainable development
  • 3.1.4 Interconnected terrestrial and nonterrestrial networks
  • 3.1.5 Aritificial intelligence and machine learning collaboration in 6G
  • 3.1.6 Trustworthiness
  • 3.2 Evolution of 6G from 5G
  • 3.3 Key performance indicators in comparison with 5G
  • 3.4 Enabling technologies
  • 3.4.1 Terahertz communication
  • 3.4.2 Massive MIMO
  • 3.4.3 Ultra-massive MIMO systems
  • 3.4.4 E-MIMO technology
  • 3.4.5 Dense multiple-radio access technology
  • 3.4.6 Internet of Everything
  • 3.4.7 Multiaccess edge computing
  • 3.4.8 Artificial intelligence
  • 3.4.9 Flexible spectrum sharing
  • 3.4.10 Multicarrier techniques
  • 3.4.11 Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces
  • 3.4.12 Blockchain technology
  • 3.4.13 Quantum communication
  • 3.5 6G use cases and necessary technologies
  • 3.5.1 Digital twins
  • 3.5.2 Autonomous transportation
  • 3.5.3 New smart city
  • 3.5.4 XR is based on holographic communication
  • 3.5.5 E-Health
  • 3.5.6 Cyber robots and autonomous systems.
  • 3.5.7 Space, air and extreme ground connectivity
  • 3.6 Challenges of 6G network
  • 3.6.1 Network Architecture and Integration
  • 3.6.2 Limited spectrum
  • 3.6.3 Hardware limitations
  • 3.6.4 Standardization and interoperability
  • 3.6.5 Data privacy and integrity
  • 3.6.6 Energy efficiency
  • 3.6.7 Heterogeneous networks
  • 3.6.8 Economic prospect
  • 3.7 Research opportunities of 6G network
  • 3.8 Conclusion
  • References
  • 4 Millimeter wave and terahertz communication
  • 4.1 Introduction
  • 4.1.1 A brief overview of the mmWave and THz communication
  • 4.1.2 THz transmission waves
  • 4.1.3 Aerials in the THz range and beamforming
  • 4.1.4 Innovation in technology devices
  • 4.2 6G transmission models
  • 4.2.1 A transmission mechanism based on Beer-Lambert
  • 4.2.2 Loss of signal strength at open space
  • 4.2.3 Distortion caused by gases in the atmosphere
  • 4.2.4 Impact of drizzle and blizzard
  • 4.2.5 Data loss due to haze and cloud
  • 4.2.6 Dispersion on Earth
  • 4.2.7 Methods for transmission
  • 4.3 Multiple-input multiple-output technology
  • 4.3.1 Signal characteristics at THz frequencies
  • 4.3.2 Measurements and modeling of channels at THz bands
  • 4.3.3 Techniques for 6G hybrid beamforming and ultra-massive multiple input multiple output
  • 4.3.4 D-multiple input multiple output
  • 4.3.5 Massive multiple input multiple output without cells
  • 4.4 Power suitability
  • 4.4.1 Machine learning to increase the spectral efficiency of 6G
  • 4.4.2 Instead of avoiding hardware defects, neural networks will tolerate them
  • 4.4.3 Better 6G protocols can be learned by artificial intelligence
  • 4.5 Integrated sensing
  • 4.6 Industry insights
  • 4.6.1 Top five industries that 6G is transforming
  • 4.7 Conclusion
  • References
  • 5 Advanced antenna technologies in 6G
  • 5.1 Introduction
  • 5.1.1 Changing antenna spectrum.
  • 5.1.2 Improving antenna efficiency with new substances and metamaterials
  • 5.1.3 Changes in the antenna transmission pathway
  • 5.1.4 Major antenna assessment developments
  • 5.2 Massive multiple input multiple output
  • 5.2.1 Central coordinator
  • 5.2.2 Array pattern of the antenna
  • 5.2.3 Mobile device
  • 5.2.4 Channel-oriented traits
  • 5.3 Beamforming
  • 5.4 Diversity techniques
  • 5.4.1 Types of diversities
  • 5.4.2 Diversity combining techniques
  • 5.5 Terahertz antennas
  • 5.5.1 Types of terahertz antennas
  • 5.5.2 Materials and fabrication
  • 5.5.3 Process technology of terahertz antennas
  • 5.5.4 Applications
  • 5.6 Intelligent reflecting surface for the antenna-based wireless communication
  • 5.7 Artificial intelligence for the antenna-based wireless communication
  • 5.8 Nonterrestrial network-based antenna for wireless communication
  • 5.8.1 Advantages of nonterrestrial networks
  • 5.8.2 Trends in nonterrestrial networks
  • 5.9 Conclusion
  • References
  • 6 Digital twin for blockchain-enabled intelligent transportation systems in smart cities
  • 6.1 Introduction to digital twin, blockchain-enabled intelligent transportation systems and smart cities
  • 6.1.1 Objectives of digital twin in intelligent transportation systems
  • 6.1.2 Need for smart cities today
  • 6.1.3 Organization of the work
  • 6.2 Smart cities and intelligent transportation systems: definition and characteristics
  • 6.2.1 Characteristics of smart cities
  • 6.2.2 Intelligent transportation systems: definition and characteristics
  • 6.2.3 Role of intelligent transportation system in smart city infrastructure
  • 6.2.4 Issue and challenges in urban transportation
  • 6.3 Digital twin technology in transportation: concept and principles, and applications
  • 6.3.1 Principles
  • 6.3.2 Applications of digital twin technology in transportation.
  • 6.3.3 Advantages and challenges of digital twin technology in transportation
  • 6.3.3.1 Advantages of digital twin technology in transportation
  • 6.3.3.2 Challenges of digital twin technology in transportation
  • 6.4 Blockchain technology in intelligent transportation system: introduction, key features and components and applications
  • 6.4.1 Applications of blockchain in intelligent transportation systems
  • 6.4.2 Benefits and risks associated using blockchain technology in intelligent transportation system
  • 6.4.2.1 Risks and challenges associated with using blockchain technology in intelligent transportation system
  • 6.5 Integration of digital twin consensus and blockchain in transportation in this modern era
  • 6.5.1 Achieving consensus in digital twins for transportation sector
  • 6.6 Smart contracts for transportation operations: pros and cons
  • 6.6.1 Ensuring consistency and reliability using smart contract in real world's applications
  • 6.7 Issues and challenges toward using digital twin in blockchain based its for smart cities
  • 6.8 Future possible innovations toward using digital twin in blockchain-based intelligent transportation system for smart cities
  • 6.9 Conclusion
  • References
  • 7 Enhancing earthquake detection: integrating ultra-reliable low-latency communication with distributed acoustic sensor networks
  • 7.1 Introduction
  • 7.1.1 Role of ultra-reliable low-latency communication in earthquake early warning systems
  • 7.2 Ultra-reliable low-latency communication
  • 7.3 Das for earthquake detection
  • 7.4 Enablers of ultra-reliable low-latency communication
  • 7.5 Sparse vector coding for distributed acoustic sensor information transmission
  • 7.6 Performance analysis of sparse vector coding with distributed acoustic sensor data
  • 7.7 Conclusion
  • References.