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Microbes at Bio/Nano Interfaces /

Advances in Virus Research serial highlights new advances in the field with this new volume presenting interesting chapters.Each chapter is written by an international board of authors.- Provides the authority and expertise of leading contributors from an international board of authors- Presents the...

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Bibliographic Details
Corporate Author: ScienceDirect (Online service)
Other Authors: Ramsland, Paul (Editor), Elbourne, Aaron (Editor), Gurtler, Volker (Editor)
Format: eBook
Language:English
Published: London : Academic Press, [2024]
Edition:First edition.
Series:Methods in microbiology ; Volume 54.
Subjects:
Microbiology.
Microbiology
Microbiologie.
microbiology.
Electronic books.
Online Access:Connect to the full text of this electronic book
Table of Contents:
  • Intro
  • Microbes at Bio/Nano Interfaces
  • Copyright
  • Contents
  • Contributors
  • Preface
  • Chapter One: Advanced hydrogel for management of bacterial wound infections
  • 1. Introduction
  • 1.1. Wound healing phases
  • 1.1.1. Types of wounds
  • 1.1.2. Bacterial chronic wound infection
  • 1.2. The challenges of antimicrobial resistance
  • 1.3. Wound practice and management
  • 1.4. An ideal hydrogel for clinical wound management
  • 1.4.1. Classification of hydrogels
  • 1.4.2. Hydrogels for wound infection application
  • 1.5. Silver-impregnated antibacterial hydrogel
  • 1.5.1. Delivery of silver nanoparticles using hydrogel
  • 1.6. Smart hydrogels
  • 1.6.1. Temperature-responsive antibacterial hydrogels
  • 1.6.2. pH-responsive antibacterial hydrogels
  • 1.6.3. Photothermal-responsive antibacterial hydrogels
  • 1.6.4. Biochemical-responsive antibacterial hydrogels
  • 1.6.5. Multi responsive hydrogel as antibacterial hydrogel
  • 2. Conclusion
  • Glossary
  • Reference
  • Chapter Two: Biofilm characterization: Imaging, analysis and considerations
  • 1. Introduction
  • 1.1. Biofilm formation
  • 1.2. Phenotypic variations
  • 1.3. Environmental effects
  • 1.4. Medical relevance
  • 1.5. Importance of characterization techniques
  • 2. Microscopy techniques
  • 2.1. Light microscopy
  • 2.2. Confocal laser scanning microscopy
  • 2.3. Electron microscopy
  • 2.4. Scanning electron microscopy
  • 2.4.1. Preparation of biofilm samples for SEM
  • 2.5. Cryo-SEM
  • 2.6. Transmission electron microscopy
  • 2.7. Atomic force microscopy
  • 3. Infrared spectroscopy
  • 4. Raman spectroscopy
  • 5. Microbial and molecular techniques
  • 5.1. Colony-forming unit enumeration
  • 5.2. Flow-based cell counting
  • 5.3. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction
  • 5.4. Crystal violet assays
  • 6. Methods for biofilm removal for testing
  • 7. Sensors
  • 7.1. Optical sensors.
  • 7.2. Electrochemical sensors
  • 7.3. Mechanical sensors
  • 7.4. Lab-on-a-chip sensors
  • 8. Conclusions
  • References
  • Chapter Three: Functional genomics methods to target the interface between schistosomes and the host immune system
  • 1. Gene technology in parasitic helminths
  • 2. Brief history of approaches to schistosome transgenesis
  • 2.1. Schistosomiasis
  • 2.2. Schistosome functional genomics
  • 3. Overview of immune responses to schistosome infection
  • 4. Lentiviral system for the delivery of silencing constructs
  • 5. Latest advancements in schistosome transgenesis using CRISPR/Cas9
  • 5.1. Concluding remarks
  • 6. Methodological considerations for the pseudotyped Lentivirus method
  • References
  • Chapter Four: Investigation of microbes and surface carbohydrates using atomic force microscopy
  • 1. Introduction
  • 1.1. Bacterial surface scanning
  • 1.2. AFM imaging of proteins
  • 1.3. Bacterial glycosylation
  • 1.4. Using AFM to probe viruses and virus-like particles
  • 1.5. Immobilising bacterial cells for AFM imaging
  • 1.6. Use of immunoassays and binding assays in conjunction with AFM to investigate microorganisms and virus-like particles
  • 2. Materials and methods
  • 2.1. Immunofluorescence methods
  • 2.2. Immunofluorescence materials
  • 2.3. Direct enzyme linked-immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and enzyme linked-lectin assay (ELLA) materials
  • 2.4. Atomic force microscopy methods
  • 2.5. Atomic force microscopy materials
  • 3. Protocols
  • 3.1. Immunofluorescence and labelled lectin staining protocol
  • 3.2. Direct ELISA and ELLA protocol
  • 3.3. Atomic force microscopy protocol
  • 4. Analysis and troubleshooting
  • 4.1. Immunofluorescence
  • 4.2. Direct ELISA and ELLA
  • 4.3. Atomic force microscopy
  • 5. Conclusions
  • 6. Notes
  • References
  • Chapter Five: Interactions between microbial cells and titanium implant surfaces.
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. Antimicrobial resistance
  • 3. How do infection causing microbes infiltrate a surface?
  • 3.1. Bacterial and fungal attachment and biofilm formation on surfaces
  • 3.2. Mechanism and stages of formation
  • 3.2.1. Stages of cell adhesion to surfaces
  • 3.2.2. Two stages of cell adhesion
  • 3.3. Methods of surface attachment
  • 3.3.1. Cellular appendages
  • 3.3.2. Chemical methods of attachment
  • 3.3.3. Cell-to-cell communication
  • 3.3.4. Quorum sensing in gram-negative bacteria
  • 3.3.5. Quorum sensing in gram-positive bacteria
  • 3.3.6. Quorum sensing in fungal cells
  • 3.3.7. Adhesion molecules in fungal cells
  • 4. Impacts of surface properties on cellular adhesion
  • 4.1. Influence of surface wettability
  • 4.2. Influence of surface roughness and topography
  • 4.3. Influence of surface charge
  • 5. Common implant surfaces
  • 6. Properties of titanium implants
  • 6.1. Osseointegration-Implants interfacing with the body
  • 7. Antimicrobial surfaces
  • 7.1. Bactericidal or antifouling surface?
  • 8. Titanium surface modification to combat adhesion and proliferation
  • 8.1. Nanoparticles
  • 8.1.1. Silver
  • 8.1.2. Copper
  • 8.1.3. Zinc oxide
  • 8.1.4. Selenium
  • 8.1.5. Titanium dioxide
  • 8.2. Physical modification of titanium surfaces
  • 8.2.1. Roughness
  • 8.2.2. Nanostructures
  • 8.3. Coatings
  • 8.3.1. Antibiotic drug coatings
  • 9. Additive manufacturing of titanium implant materials
  • 10. Conclusion
  • References
  • Chapter Six: Targeting bacterial polysaccharides with antibodies and vaccines
  • 1. Introduction to bacterial polysaccharides
  • 1.1. Bacterial polysaccharides: Structure and function
  • 1.1.1. Definition of bacterial polysaccharides
  • 1.1.2. Overview of polysaccharide structures
  • 1.1.3. Importance of bacterial polysaccharides in pathogenesis
  • 1.2. Antibodies and vaccines: An overview.
  • 1.2.1. Introduction to antibodies and their role in the immune system
  • 1.2.2. Overview of vaccines and their purpose
  • 1.2.3. Importance of targeting bacterial polysaccharides with antibodies and vaccines
  • 2. Antibodies as tools for targeting bacterial polysaccharides
  • 2.1. Antibodies and their specificity
  • 2.1.1. Antibody structure and function
  • 2.1.2. Antibody-antigen interactions
  • 2.1.3. Specificity of antibodies for bacterial polysaccharides
  • 2.2. Mechanisms of antibody-mediated bacterial clearance
  • 2.3. Monoclonal antibodies and their applications
  • 2.3.1. Introduction to monoclonal antibodies
  • 2.3.2. Production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies
  • 2.3.3. Therapeutic and diagnostic applications of monoclonal antibodies targeting bacterial polysaccharides
  • 3. Vaccines targeting bacterial polysaccharides
  • 3.1. Polysaccharide vaccines
  • 3.1.1. Introduction to polysaccharide vaccines
  • 3.1.2. Examples of polysaccharide vaccines and their targets
  • 3.1.3. Mechanisms of protection provided by polysaccharide vaccines
  • 3.2. Conjugate vaccines
  • 3.2.1. Rationale behind conjugate vaccines
  • 3.2.2. Conjugation methods for bacterial polysaccharides
  • 3.2.3. Clinical success and impact of conjugate vaccines
  • 3.3. Challenges and advances in polysaccharide vaccinology
  • 3.3.1. Immunological challenges of targeting bacterial polysaccharides
  • 3.3.2. Novel approaches for polysaccharide vaccine design
  • 3.3.3. Adjuvants and their role in enhancing vaccine efficacy
  • 4. Case studies and success stories
  • 4.1. Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib)
  • 4.1.1. Background and clinical significance
  • 4.1.2. Development and impact of Hib conjugate vaccines
  • 4.2. Streptococcus pneumoniae
  • 4.2.1. Overview of pneumococcal disease
  • 4.2.2. Pneumococcal polysaccharide and conjugate vaccines
  • 4.3. Neisseria meningitidis.
  • 4.3.1. Meningococcal disease and its impact
  • 4.3.2. Meningococcal polysaccharide and conjugate vaccines
  • 5. Future directions and conclusion
  • 5.1. Advances in bacterial polysaccharide research
  • 5.1.1. Glycoengineering and synthetic glycobiology
  • 5.1.2. Structural and functional characterization techniques
  • 5.1.3. Novel targets and strategies for antibody and vaccine development
  • 5.2. Implications for public health
  • 5.2.1. The role of bacterial polysaccharide-targeting antibodies and vaccines in disease prevention
  • 5.2.2. Challenges and opportunities in global vaccine implementation
  • 6. PNAG polysaccharide: Structure, genetics, immunity, and clinical prospects
  • 6.1. General structure of PNAG
  • 6.2. Genetics and biosynthesis of PNAG
  • 6.2.1. The ica and pga loci
  • 6.2.2. The hms locus of Y. pestis and eps locus of Bacillus subtilis
  • 6.3. Detection of PNAG expression by a broad range of microbial pathogens
  • 6.4. Functional properties of PNAG
  • 6.5. Naturally-occurring antibodies to PNAG
  • 6.6. Discovery of the means to successfully induce functional immunity to PNAG: PNAG vs dPNAG and production of synthetic ...
  • 6.7. In vitro correlates of PNAG-mediated immunity
  • 6.7.1. ELISA antibody titers
  • 6.7.2. Complement-mediated opsonic and bactericidal killing
  • 6.7.3. Complement deposition assays
  • 6.8. Development of human monoclonal antibody F598 against PNAG
  • 6.9. Path to clinical testing
  • 6.9.1. Phase 1 clinical trial of monoclonal antibody F598
  • 6.9.2. Phase 1 clinical trial of vaccine AV0328
  • 7. Conclusion
  • References
  • Chapter Seven: Using next generation sequencing to study host-pathogen interactions
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. Methods
  • 2.1. Considerations for sampling and sample storage
  • 2.2. DNA extraction
  • 2.3. Protocol: Bead-beating of samples
  • 2.4. PCR for sequencing.