Near-boundary Fluid Mechanics /

Near-Boundary Fluid Mechanics focuses on the near-boundary region and its significance.It delves into topics like boundary shear stress, drag reduction using polymer additives, turbulence sources, secondary currents, log-law validity, sediment transport, and more.Unlike similar books, it emphasizes...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author:	Yang, Shu-Qing
Corporate Author:	ScienceDirect (Online service)
Format:	eBook
Language:	English
Published:	London ; San Diego, CA : Academic Press, an imprint of Elsevier, [2025]
Series:	Multiphysics. advances and applications.
Subjects:	Boundary value problems. Fluid mechanics. Problèmes aux limites. Mécanique des fluides. Electronic books.
Online Access:	Connect to the full text of this electronic book

Table of Contents:

Front Cover
Near-Boundary Fluid Mechanics
Copyright Page
Contents
About the author
Foreword
Preface
1 Is flow region divisible responding to its boundary?
2 Reynolds time-average method or event-based average method?
3 Energy method or force method
4 Problems to be discussed
4.1 Circular pipe (2D) flow
4.2 Noncircular (3D) pipe flow
4.3 Loose boundary flows
4.4 External flows
4.5 Drag reduction flows
4.6 Coherent structures
1 Introduction to governing equations
1.1 Classification of fluid flows
1.2 Units and dimensional analysis
1.3 Historical progress in fluid mechanics
1.3.1 Archimedes' principle-interpretation and extension
1.3.2 Isaac Newton's fluid friction-interpretation and extension
1.3.3 Daniel Bernoulli and his principle-energy approach
1.3.4 Leonhard Euler and the governing equations of ideal fluids
1.3.5 Navier-Stokes equations for real fluid flows
1.4 Progress toward solution of N-S equations
1.4.1 Reynolds and his time-average approach (1895)
1.4.2 Prandtl and boundary layer theory (1904)
1.4.3 Kolmogorov and statistical theory
1.4.4 Fick's diffusion and Taylor's method
1.4.5 Nikora's double-averaging concept
1.5 Airy wave theory (inviscid fluid)
1.5.1 Governing equations and boundary conditions
1.5.2 Solution of Airy wave
1.5.3 Wave energy
1.5.4 Nonlinear wave theory
1.5.5 Tidal waves
1.6 Conclusions
Nomenclature
References
Further reading
2 One-dimensional internal flow
2.1 Uniform and gradually varied open channel flows (a≈0)
2.1.1 Basic concepts
2.1.2 Uniform flow (a=0)
2.1.3 Interpretation of hydraulic radius and best cross-section
2.1.4 Equation of gradually varied flow (a≈0)
2.1.5 Water surface profiles in gradually varied flow
2.2 Rapid varied open-channel flows (a≠0).
2.2.1 Specific energy
2.2.2 Channel transition
2.2.3 Hydraulic jump
2.2.4 Energy losses in accelerating/decelerating flows
2.3 Pipe flows
2.3.1 Pipe network and friction loss (a=0)
2.3.2 Energy loss in contraction (a&gt
0) and expansion (a&lt
0)
2.3.3 Minor loss (a&lt
0)
2.4 Flow measurement (a&gt
0)
2.4.1 Weirs in open channels
2.4.2 Pipe flows
2.5 Eddy inertial force
2.5.1 Eddy volume and eddy inertial force
2.5.2 Venturi flume and loss coefficient KL
2.5.3 Work, energy, power, and eddy force
2.5.4 Superposition of skin friction and eddy drag
2.6 Conclusions
Nomenclature
References
3 Internal, steady, and uniform two-dimensional flows (a=0)
3.1 Flows in pipes and open channels
3.1.1 Laminar flows and N-S equations
3.1.2 Turbulent flows and Reynolds equations
3.1.3 Reynolds shear stress and log-law in smooth channels
3.1.4 Effect of roughened boundary
3.2 Dou Guo-Ren's stochastic theory
3.2.1 Stochastic theory
3.2.2 Mechanism of flow passing over roughness elements
3.2.3 Probability of turbulence occurrence
3.2.4 Turbulent structures
3.3 Applications of Dou's theory
3.3.1 Velocity distribution in smooth channels
3.3.2 Turbulent structures
3.3.3 General laws for friction factor
3.4 Viscoelastic flow of polymer solution
3.4.1 Non-Newtonian fluid and its stress/strain relationship
3.4.2 Velocity and turbulent intensity profiles
3.4.3 Drag reduction (Dr) parameter
3.4.4 Drag coefficient
3.5 Progress in turbulence research
3.5.1 Reynolds shear stress and velocity distribution (v≠0)
3.5.2 Velocity u+ distributions
3.5.3 Turbulent intensity and energy spectrum
3.5.4 Roughness mechanism
3.5.5 Friction factor
3.6 Progress in drag reduction flow research
3.6.1 Universal drag reduction mechanism.
3.6.2 Onset conditions and optimum concentration
3.6.3 Velocity distribution and friction factor
3.6.4 Roughness effect and laminar-turbulent transition
3.6.5 Energy spectrum and turbulent structures
3.6.5.1 Turbulent structures
3.6.5.2 Energy spectrum
3.7 Separation flow of large roughness element
3.7.1 Theoretical investigation
3.7.2 Comparison with experimental data
3.7.3 Interpretation and applications
3.8 Conclusions
Nomenclature
References
Further reading
4 Steady and nonuniform flows or unsteady flows (a≠0)
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Unsteady 1D flow (∂/∂t≠0)
4.2.1 Saint-Venant equations for open channels
4.2.2 Other methods for unsteady open channel flows
4.2.3 Surges in open channels
4.2.4 Water hammer in pipes
4.2.5 Mass flux
4.3 Steady accelerating 2D flows (∂/∂t=0, ∂u/∂x&gt
0)
4.3.1 Theoretical investigations
4.3.2 Total shear stress distribution
4.3.3 Mechanism of dip-phenomenon
4.4 Steady decelerating 2D flows (∂/∂t=0, ∂u/∂x&lt
0)
4.4.1 Mechanism of wake law
4.4.2 Turbulent structures
4.4.3 Others' research
4.5 Unsteady 2D flows (∂/∂t≠0)
4.5.1 Governing equations
4.5.2 Velocity profiles
4.5.3 Turbulent structures
4.5.4 Acceleration and velocity deviation from the log-law
4.5.5 Friction factor and pipe flow
4.6 Conclusions
Nomenclature
References
5 Mechanism of energy transport and boundary shear stress distribution in 3D flows
5.1 Introduction
5.1.1 Energy and force approaches
5.1.2 Principle of least time for a ray path
5.1.3 Yield lines in plates
5.1.4 Hydraulic radius and boundary shear stress
5.2 Mechanism of energy transport
5.2.1 Two-dimensional flows
5.2.2 Three Dimensional flows
5.2.3 Yang's principle of "surplus energy transport toward the nearest boundary".
6.3.3 Rectangular duct flows
6.3.4 Mechanism of dip-phenomenon
6.3.5 Velocity in rectangular open channel flows
6.3.6 Other channel flows
6.4 Velocity profiles in roughened channels
6.4.1 Uniform roughness distribution along wetted perimeter
6.4.2 Nonuniform roughness distribution along wetted perimeter
6.4.3 Coexistence of rough and smooth boundaries
6.4.4 Diffusion coefficient and dispersion
6.5 Friction factors
6.5.1 Pipes of noncircular cross-section
6.5.2 Sidewall correction
6.5.2.1 Einstein, H. A
6.5.2.2 Jiang (1948)
6.5.2.3 Chow's (1973) method
6.5.2.4 Guo-ren Dou's (1978) method
6.5.2.5 Nian-Sheng Cheng's (2005) method
6.5.3 Theoretical extension from 2D flow to 3D flows
6.5.4 Smooth channels
6.5.5 Composite roughness on boundaries
6.6 Conclusions
Nomenclature
References
7 Time-averaged and event-averaged Navier-Stokes equations
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Revisit Reynolds' (1883) experiment and his (1895) interpretations
7.2.1 Reynolds' original idea and comparison with other great ideas
7.2.2 Reynolds number and time-average method
7.2.3 Limitations of the time-averaged method
7.3 Advances in experimental and theoretical research
7.3.1 The bursting phenomenon and coherent structures
7.3.2 Princeton's super velocity and log-law's validity
7.3.3 Quadrant analysis
7.3.4 Log-law or power law?
7.4 Event-based averaged Navier-Stokes equation
7.4.1 Why Navier-Stokes equations should be event-averaged
7.4.2 How to average Navier-Stokes equations based on events
7.4.3 Turbulence, waves on interface caused by bursting/kolk-boiler phenomenon
7.4.4 Intermittency and energy losses
7.4.5 Why log-law is invalid at high Reynolds number
7.5 Comparisons and predictions in cases of v&gt
0, v&lt
0, and v=0.