http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3 http://www.loc.gov/standards/mods/v3/mods-3-2.xsd
Near-Boundary Fluid Mechanics focuses on the near-boundary region and its significance.It delves into topics like boundary shear stress, drag reduction using polymer additives, turbulence sources, secondary currents, log-law validity, sediment transport, and more.Unlike similar books, it emphasizes the importance of the near-boundary region.
Front Cover -- Near-Boundary Fluid Mechanics -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- About the author -- Foreword -- Preface -- 1 Is flow region divisible responding to its boundary? -- 2 Reynolds time-average method or event-based average method? -- 3 Energy method or force method -- 4 Problems to be discussed -- 4.1 Circular pipe (2D) flow -- 4.2 Noncircular (3D) pipe flow -- 4.3 Loose boundary flows -- 4.4 External flows -- 4.5 Drag reduction flows -- 4.6 Coherent structures -- 1 Introduction to governing equations -- 1.1 Classification of fluid flows -- 1.2 Units and dimensional analysis -- 1.3 Historical progress in fluid mechanics -- 1.3.1 Archimedes' principle-interpretation and extension -- 1.3.2 Isaac Newton's fluid friction-interpretation and extension -- 1.3.3 Daniel Bernoulli and his principle-energy approach -- 1.3.4 Leonhard Euler and the governing equations of ideal fluids -- 1.3.5 Navier-Stokes equations for real fluid flows -- 1.4 Progress toward solution of N-S equations -- 1.4.1 Reynolds and his time-average approach (1895) -- 1.4.2 Prandtl and boundary layer theory (1904) -- 1.4.3 Kolmogorov and statistical theory -- 1.4.4 Fick's diffusion and Taylor's method -- 1.4.5 Nikora's double-averaging concept -- 1.5 Airy wave theory (inviscid fluid) -- 1.5.1 Governing equations and boundary conditions -- 1.5.2 Solution of Airy wave -- 1.5.3 Wave energy -- 1.5.4 Nonlinear wave theory -- 1.5.5 Tidal waves -- 1.6 Conclusions -- Nomenclature -- References -- Further reading -- 2 One-dimensional internal flow -- 2.1 Uniform and gradually varied open channel flows (a≈0) -- 2.1.1 Basic concepts -- 2.1.2 Uniform flow (a=0) -- 2.1.3 Interpretation of hydraulic radius and best cross-section -- 2.1.4 Equation of gradually varied flow (a≈0) -- 2.1.5 Water surface profiles in gradually varied flow -- 2.2 Rapid varied open-channel flows (a≠0).
2.2.1 Specific energy -- 2.2.2 Channel transition -- 2.2.3 Hydraulic jump -- 2.2.4 Energy losses in accelerating/decelerating flows -- 2.3 Pipe flows -- 2.3.1 Pipe network and friction loss (a=0) -- 2.3.2 Energy loss in contraction (a&gt -- 0) and expansion (a&lt -- 0) -- 2.3.3 Minor loss (a&lt -- 0) -- 2.4 Flow measurement (a&gt -- 0) -- 2.4.1 Weirs in open channels -- 2.4.2 Pipe flows -- 2.5 Eddy inertial force -- 2.5.1 Eddy volume and eddy inertial force -- 2.5.2 Venturi flume and loss coefficient KL -- 2.5.3 Work, energy, power, and eddy force -- 2.5.4 Superposition of skin friction and eddy drag -- 2.6 Conclusions -- Nomenclature -- References -- 3 Internal, steady, and uniform two-dimensional flows (a=0) -- 3.1 Flows in pipes and open channels -- 3.1.1 Laminar flows and N-S equations -- 3.1.2 Turbulent flows and Reynolds equations -- 3.1.3 Reynolds shear stress and log-law in smooth channels -- 3.1.4 Effect of roughened boundary -- 3.2 Dou Guo-Ren's stochastic theory -- 3.2.1 Stochastic theory -- 3.2.2 Mechanism of flow passing over roughness elements -- 3.2.3 Probability of turbulence occurrence -- 3.2.4 Turbulent structures -- 3.3 Applications of Dou's theory -- 3.3.1 Velocity distribution in smooth channels -- 3.3.2 Turbulent structures -- 3.3.3 General laws for friction factor -- 3.4 Viscoelastic flow of polymer solution -- 3.4.1 Non-Newtonian fluid and its stress/strain relationship -- 3.4.2 Velocity and turbulent intensity profiles -- 3.4.3 Drag reduction (Dr) parameter -- 3.4.4 Drag coefficient -- 3.5 Progress in turbulence research -- 3.5.1 Reynolds shear stress and velocity distribution (v≠0) -- 3.5.2 Velocity u+ distributions -- 3.5.3 Turbulent intensity and energy spectrum -- 3.5.4 Roughness mechanism -- 3.5.5 Friction factor -- 3.6 Progress in drag reduction flow research -- 3.6.1 Universal drag reduction mechanism.
3.6.2 Onset conditions and optimum concentration -- 3.6.3 Velocity distribution and friction factor -- 3.6.4 Roughness effect and laminar-turbulent transition -- 3.6.5 Energy spectrum and turbulent structures -- 3.6.5.1 Turbulent structures -- 3.6.5.2 Energy spectrum -- 3.7 Separation flow of large roughness element -- 3.7.1 Theoretical investigation -- 3.7.2 Comparison with experimental data -- 3.7.3 Interpretation and applications -- 3.8 Conclusions -- Nomenclature -- References -- Further reading -- 4 Steady and nonuniform flows or unsteady flows (a≠0) -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Unsteady 1D flow (∂/∂t≠0) -- 4.2.1 Saint-Venant equations for open channels -- 4.2.2 Other methods for unsteady open channel flows -- 4.2.3 Surges in open channels -- 4.2.4 Water hammer in pipes -- 4.2.5 Mass flux -- 4.3 Steady accelerating 2D flows (∂/∂t=0, ∂u/∂x&gt -- 0) -- 4.3.1 Theoretical investigations -- 4.3.2 Total shear stress distribution -- 4.3.3 Mechanism of dip-phenomenon -- 4.4 Steady decelerating 2D flows (∂/∂t=0, ∂u/∂x&lt -- 0) -- 4.4.1 Mechanism of wake law -- 4.4.2 Turbulent structures -- 4.4.3 Others' research -- 4.5 Unsteady 2D flows (∂/∂t≠0) -- 4.5.1 Governing equations -- 4.5.2 Velocity profiles -- 4.5.3 Turbulent structures -- 4.5.4 Acceleration and velocity deviation from the log-law -- 4.5.5 Friction factor and pipe flow -- 4.6 Conclusions -- Nomenclature -- References -- 5 Mechanism of energy transport and boundary shear stress distribution in 3D flows -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.1.1 Energy and force approaches -- 5.1.2 Principle of least time for a ray path -- 5.1.3 Yield lines in plates -- 5.1.4 Hydraulic radius and boundary shear stress -- 5.2 Mechanism of energy transport -- 5.2.1 Two-dimensional flows -- 5.2.2 Three Dimensional flows -- 5.2.3 Yang's principle of "surplus energy transport toward the nearest boundary".
6.3.3 Rectangular duct flows -- 6.3.4 Mechanism of dip-phenomenon -- 6.3.5 Velocity in rectangular open channel flows -- 6.3.6 Other channel flows -- 6.4 Velocity profiles in roughened channels -- 6.4.1 Uniform roughness distribution along wetted perimeter -- 6.4.2 Nonuniform roughness distribution along wetted perimeter -- 6.4.3 Coexistence of rough and smooth boundaries -- 6.4.4 Diffusion coefficient and dispersion -- 6.5 Friction factors -- 6.5.1 Pipes of noncircular cross-section -- 6.5.2 Sidewall correction -- 6.5.2.1 Einstein, H. A -- 6.5.2.2 Jiang (1948) -- 6.5.2.3 Chow's (1973) method -- 6.5.2.4 Guo-ren Dou's (1978) method -- 6.5.2.5 Nian-Sheng Cheng's (2005) method -- 6.5.3 Theoretical extension from 2D flow to 3D flows -- 6.5.4 Smooth channels -- 6.5.5 Composite roughness on boundaries -- 6.6 Conclusions -- Nomenclature -- References -- 7 Time-averaged and event-averaged Navier-Stokes equations -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Revisit Reynolds' (1883) experiment and his (1895) interpretations -- 7.2.1 Reynolds' original idea and comparison with other great ideas -- 7.2.2 Reynolds number and time-average method -- 7.2.3 Limitations of the time-averaged method -- 7.3 Advances in experimental and theoretical research -- 7.3.1 The bursting phenomenon and coherent structures -- 7.3.2 Princeton's super velocity and log-law's validity -- 7.3.3 Quadrant analysis -- 7.3.4 Log-law or power law? -- 7.4 Event-based averaged Navier-Stokes equation -- 7.4.1 Why Navier-Stokes equations should be event-averaged -- 7.4.2 How to average Navier-Stokes equations based on events -- 7.4.3 Turbulence, waves on interface caused by bursting/kolk-boiler phenomenon -- 7.4.4 Intermittency and energy losses -- 7.4.5 Why log-law is invalid at high Reynolds number -- 7.5 Comparisons and predictions in cases of v&gt -- 0, v&lt -- 0, and v=0.
Includes bibliographical references and index.