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Non-Newtonian flow and applied rheology : engineering applications /

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Non-Newtonian Flow and Applied Rheology: Engineering Applications, Third Edition bridges the gap between the theoretical work of the rheologist and the practical needs of those who have to design and operate the systems in which these materials are handled or processed. This new edition addresses th...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Chhabra, R. P. (Author), Patel, Swati A. (Author)
Corporate Author: ScienceDirect (Online service)
Format: eBook
Language:English
Published: London, United Kingdom : Butterworth-Heinemann is an imprint of Elsevier, 2025.
Edition:Third edition.
Subjects:
Non-Newtonian fluids.
Rheology.
Fluides non newtoniens.
Rhéologie.
Electronic books.
Online Access:Connect to the full text of this electronic book
Table of Contents:
  • Front Cover
  • Non-Newtonian Flow and Applied Rheology
  • Copyright Page
  • Contents
  • About Professor J.F. Richardson
  • Preface to the third edition
  • Preface to the second edition
  • Preface to the first edition
  • Acknowledgements (first edition)
  • 1 Non-Newtonian fluid behaviour
  • 1.1 Introduction
  • 1.2 Classification of fluid behaviour
  • 1.2.1 Definition of a Newtonian fluid
  • 1.2.2 Non-Newtonian fluid behaviour
  • 1.3 Time-independent fluid behaviour
  • 1.3.1 Shear-thinning or pseudoplastic fluids
  • 1.3.1.1 Mathematical models for shear-thinning fluid behaviour
  • 1.3.1.1.1 The power-law or Ostwald de Waele model
  • 1.3.1.1.2 The Carreau viscosity equation
  • 1.3.1.1.3 The Carreau-Yasuda equation
  • 1.3.1.1.4 The Cross viscosity equation
  • 1.3.1.1.5 The Ellis fluid model
  • 1.3.2 Viscoplastic fluid behaviour
  • 1.3.2.1 Mathematical models for viscoplastic behaviour
  • 1.3.2.1.1 The Bingham plastic model
  • 1.3.2.1.2 The Herschel-Bulkley fluid model
  • 1.3.2.1.3 The Casson fluid model
  • 1.3.3 Shear-thickening or dilatant fluid behaviour
  • 1.4 Time-dependent fluid behaviour
  • 1.4.1 Thixotropy
  • 1.4.2 Rheopexy or negative thixotropy
  • 1.5 Viscoelastic fluid behaviour
  • 1.5.1 Linear viscoelasticity
  • 1.5.1.1 Stress-relaxation behaviour
  • 1.5.1.2 Creep behaviour
  • 1.5.1.3 Small amplitude oscillatory strain
  • 1.5.2 Normal stresses in steady shear flows
  • 1.5.3 Elongational flow
  • 1.5.3.1 Mathematical models for viscoelastic behaviour
  • 1.6 Dimensional considerations for viscoelastic fluids
  • 1.7 Influence of microstructure on rheological behaviour
  • 1.8 Closing remarks
  • Nomenclature
  • References
  • 2 Rheometry for non-Newtonian fluids
  • 2.1 Introduction
  • 2.2 Capillary viscometers
  • 2.2.1 Analysis of data and treatment of results
  • 2.2.2 Sources of errors
  • 2.2.2.1 End effects
  • 2.2.2.2 Wall-slip effects.
  • 2.3 Rotational viscometers
  • 2.3.1 The concentric cylinder geometry
  • 2.3.2 The wide gap rotational viscometer: determination of the flow curve for a non-Newtonian fluid
  • 2.3.3 The cone-and-plate geometry
  • 2.3.4 The parallel plate geometry
  • 2.3.5 Moisture loss prevention: the vapour hood
  • 2.4 The controlled-stress rheometer
  • 2.5 Yield stress measurements
  • 2.6 Normal stress measurements
  • 2.7 Oscillatory shear measurements
  • 2.8 Extensional flow measurements
  • 2.8.1 Lubricated planar stagnation die flows
  • 2.8.2 Filament-stretching techniques
  • 2.9 Viscometry using microfluidics
  • 2.10 Online viscometry
  • 2.11 Closing remarks
  • Nomenclature
  • References
  • 3 Flow in pipes and in conduits of noncircular cross-sections
  • 3.1 Introduction
  • 3.2 Laminar flow in circular tubes
  • 3.2.1 Power-law fluids
  • 3.2.2 Bingham plastic and yield-pseudoplastic fluids
  • 3.2.2 Average kinetic energy of fluid
  • 3.2.3 Generalized approach for laminar flow of time-independent fluids
  • 3.2.4 Generalized Reynolds number for the flow of time-independent fluids
  • 3.3 Criteria for transition from laminar to turbulent flow
  • 3.4 Friction factors for transitional and turbulent conditions
  • 3.4.1 Power-law fluids
  • 3.4.2 Viscoplastic fluids
  • 3.4.3 Bowen's general scale-up method
  • 3.4.4 Effect of pipe roughness
  • 3.4.5 Velocity profiles in turbulent flow of power-law fluids
  • 3.5 Laminar flow between two infinite parallel plates
  • 3.6 Laminar flow in a concentric annulus
  • 3.6.1 Power-law fluids
  • 3.6.2 Bingham plastic fluids
  • 3.6.3 Herschel-Bulkley Fluids
  • 3.7 Laminar flow of inelastic fluids in noncircular ducts
  • 3.8 Flow in curved tubes
  • 3.9 Miscellaneous frictional losses
  • 3.9.1 Sudden enlargement
  • 3.9.2 Entrance effects for flow in tubes
  • 3.9.3 Minor losses in fittings
  • 3.9.4 Flow measurement
  • 3.10 Selection of pumps.
  • 3.10.1 Positive-displacement pumps
  • 3.10.1.1 Reciprocating pumps
  • 3.10.1.2 Rotary pumps
  • 3.10.2 Centrifugal pumps
  • 3.10.3 Screw pumps
  • 3.11 Closing remarks
  • Nomenclature
  • References
  • 4 Flow of multiphase mixtures in pipes
  • 4.1 Introduction
  • 4.2 Two-phase gas non-Newtonian liquid flow
  • 4.2.1 Introduction
  • 4.2.2 Flow patterns
  • 4.2.2.1 Horizontal flow
  • 4.2.3 Prediction of flow patterns
  • 4.2.3.1 Vertical upward flow
  • 4.2.4 Holdup
  • 4.2.4.1 Experimental determination
  • 4.2.4.2 Predictive methods for horizontal flow
  • 4.2.4.3 Gas-non-Newtonian systems
  • 4.2.4.3.1 Streamline flow of liquid
  • 4.2.4.3.2 Transitional and turbulent flow of liquids (ReMR &gt
  • 2000)
  • 4.2.4.3.3 Predictive methods for upward vertical flow
  • 4.2.5 Frictional pressure drop
  • 4.2.5.1 Practical methods for estimating pressure loss
  • 4.2.5.2 Gas-Newtonian liquid systems
  • 4.2.5.3 Gas-non-Newtonian liquid systems
  • 4.2.5.3.1 Laminar conditions
  • 4.2.5.4 Maximum drag reduction
  • 4.2.5.5 General method for estimation of two-phase pressure loss
  • 4.2.5.5.1 Laminar flow
  • 4.2.5.5.2 Turbulent flow
  • 4.2.5.6 Vertical (upward) flow
  • 4.2.6 Practical applications and optimum gas flow rate for maximum power saving
  • 4.2.7 Two-phase flow of drag-reducing polymers
  • 4.3 Two-phase liquid-solid flow (hydraulic transport)
  • 4.3.1 Pressure drop in slurry pipe lines
  • 4.3.2 RTD and slip velocity
  • 4.4 Closing remarks
  • Nomenclature
  • References
  • 5 Particulate systems
  • 5.1 Introduction
  • 5.2 Drag force on a sphere
  • 5.2.1 Drag on a sphere in a power-law fluid
  • 5.2.2 Drag on a sphere in viscoplastic fluids
  • 5.2.2.1 Static equilibrium
  • 5.2.2.2 Flow field
  • 5.2.2.3 Drag force
  • 5.2.3 Drag in viscoelastic fluids
  • 5.2.4 Terminal falling velocities
  • 5.2.5 Effect of container boundaries
  • 5.2.6 Hindered settling.
  • 5.3 Flow over a cylinder
  • 5.4 Effect of particle shape on terminal falling velocity and drag force
  • 5.5 Motion of bubbles and drops
  • 5.6 Flow of a liquid through beds of particles
  • 5.7 Flow through packed beds of particles (porous media)
  • 5.7.1 Porous media
  • 5.7.1.1 Voidage
  • 5.7.1.2 Specific surface
  • 5.7.1.3 Permeability
  • 5.7.1.4 Tortuosity
  • 5.7.2 Prediction of pressure gradient for flow through packed beds
  • 5.7.2.1 Streamline flow
  • 5.7.2.1.1 Bingham plastic fluids
  • 5.7.2.2 Transitional and turbulent flow
  • 5.7.3 Wall effects
  • 5.7.4 Effect of particle shape
  • 5.7.5 Dispersion in packed beds
  • 5.7.6 Mass transfer in packed beds
  • 5.7.7 Viscoelastic and surface effects in packed beds
  • 5.7.7.1 Viscoelastic effects
  • 5.7.7.2 Anomalous surface effects
  • 5.8 Liquid-solid fluidization
  • 5.8.1 Effect of liquid velocity on pressure gradient
  • 5.8.2 Minimum fluidizing velocity
  • 5.8.3 Bed expansion characteristics
  • 5.8.4 Effect of particle shape
  • 5.8.5 Dispersion in fluidized beds
  • 5.8.6 Liquid-solid mass transfer in fluidized beds
  • 5.9 Closing remarks
  • Nomenclature
  • References
  • 6 Heat transfer characteristics of non-Newtonian fluids in pipes
  • 6.1 Introduction
  • 6.2 Thermophysical properties
  • 6.3 Laminar flow in circular tubes
  • 6.4 Fully developed heat transfer to power-law fluids in laminar flow
  • 6.5 Isothermal tube wall
  • 6.5.1 Theoretical analysis
  • 6.5.1.1 Piston or plug flow
  • 6.5.1.2 Fully developed power-law fluid flow
  • 6.5.2 Experimental results and correlations
  • 6.6 Constant heat flux at tube wall
  • 6.6.1 Theoretical analysis
  • 6.6.2 Experimental results and correlations
  • 6.7 Effect of temperature-dependent physical properties on heat transfer
  • 6.8 Effect of viscous energy dissipation
  • 6.9 Heat transfer in transitional and turbulent flow in pipes
  • 6.10 Closing remarks.
  • Nomenclature
  • Greek letters
  • Subscripts
  • References
  • 7 Momentum, heat and mass transfer in boundary layers
  • 7.1 Introduction
  • 7.2 Integral momentum equation
  • 7.3 Laminar boundary layer flow of power-law liquids over a plate
  • 7.3.1 Shear stress and frictional drag on the plane immersed surface
  • 7.4 Laminar boundary layer flow of Bingham plastic fluids over a plate
  • 7.4.1 Shear stress and drag force on an immersed plate
  • 7.5 Transition criterion and turbulent boundary layer flow
  • 7.5.1 Transition criterion
  • 7.5.2 Turbulent boundary layer flow
  • 7.6 Heat transfer in boundary layers
  • 7.6.1 Heat transfer in laminar flow of a power-law fluid over an isothermal plane surface
  • 7.7 Mass transfer in laminar boundary layer flow of power-law fluids
  • 7.8 Boundary layers for viscoelastic fluids
  • 7.9 Practical correlations for heat and mass transfer
  • 7.9.1 Spheres
  • 7.9.2 Cylinders in cross-flow
  • 7.10 Heat and mass transfer by free and mixed convection
  • 7.10.1 Vertical plates
  • 7.10.2 Spheres
  • 7.10.3 Horizontal cylinders
  • 7.11 Closing remarks
  • Nomenclature
  • References
  • 8 Liquid mixing
  • 8.1 Introduction
  • 8.1.1 Single-phase liquid mixing
  • 8.1.2 Mixing of immiscible liquids
  • 8.1.3 Gas-liquid dispersion and mixing
  • 8.1.4 Liquid-solid mixing
  • 8.1.5 Gas-liquid-solid mixing
  • 8.1.6 Solid-solid mixing
  • 8.1.7 Miscellaneous mixing applications
  • 8.2 Liquid mixing
  • 8.2.1 Mixing mechanisms
  • 8.2.1.1 Laminar mixing
  • 8.2.1.2 Turbulent mixing
  • 8.2.2 Scale-up of stirred vessels
  • 8.2.3 Power consumption in stirred vessels
  • 8.2.3.1 Low viscosity systems
  • 8.2.3.2 High viscosity Newtonian and inelastic non-Newtonian systems
  • 8.2.3.3 Effects of viscoelasticity
  • 8.2.4 Flow patterns in stirred tanks
  • 8.2.4.1 Class I impellers
  • 8.2.4.2 Class II impellers
  • 8.2.4.3 Class III impellers.