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Applications of nanotherapeutics and nanotheranostics in managing infectious diseases
Applications of Nanotherapeutics and Nanotheranostics in Managing Infectious Diseases discusses how nanotechnology aids in overcoming the existing traditional approaches in combating diseases. The book explores the emerging trends of using nanoparticles for nanotherapeutics and nanotheranostics and their role in the efficient diagnosis and treatment of infectious microbial diseases. Sections covers nanotherapeutic impregnated medical devices, nanotherapeutics as vaccines, related regulatory requirements, the application of nanotherapeutics and nanotheranostics in diagnosing and treating specific infectious diseases, including bacterial infections, viral infections, fungal infestations, parasitic infestations, and other infectious conditions. With chapter contributions from experts in the fields, this book offers a comprehensive reference for researchers, scientists, and industry professionals working on infectious diseases and the application of nanoparticles to effectively diagnose, treat, and manage them.
Front Cover -- APPLICATIONS OF NANOTHERAPEUTICS AND NANOTHERANOSTICS IN MANAGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES -- APPLICATIONS OF NANOTHERAPEUTICS AND NANOTHERANOSTICS IN MANAGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- 1 -- Introduction -- 1 -- The pursuit of nanotherapeutics: Drug delivery, recent advances, and future perspectives -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Nanotherapeutics and nanotheranostics -- 3. Mechanism of drug release from nanotherapeutics -- 4. Nanotherapeutics drug delivery system -- 4.1 Polymeric nanoparticles -- 4.2 Nanovesicular carrier system -- 4.3 Dendrimers -- 4.4 Carbon nanotubes -- 4.5 Nanomicelles -- 5. Recent advances -- 6. Future perspectives -- 7. Conclusion -- References -- 2 -- An overview of nanotherapeutics and nanodiagnostics -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Nanoformulations -- 2.1 Nanogel -- 2.2 Nano emulsion -- 2.3 Nanocapsules -- 2.4 Nanosponges -- 2.5 Solid lipid nanoparticles -- 2.6 Dendrimers -- 3. Application of nanotherapeutics system -- 3.1 Nanomaterials for implantation -- 3.2 Nanomaterials for cancer therapy: Nonviral gene and protein delivery -- 3.3 Usage of nanomaterial in the photodynamic therapy -- 3.4 Medical imaging applications of nanoparticles for diagnostic methods -- 3.5 Role of nanoparticles in biosensors -- 3.6 Nanoparticles to purify blood -- 3.7 Safety and hazards of nanotherapeutics -- 4. Nanodiagnostics -- 4.1 Nanotechnology-based chips -- 4.2 Nanodiagnostics in cancer management -- 4.3 Nano diagnostics in infectious diseases -- 5. Conclusion -- 6. Future prospects -- References -- Further reading -- 3 -- Nanotherapeutics-impregnated medical devices and their regulatory aspects -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1 Overview of nanotherapeutics -- 1.1.1 Role of nanotherapeutics in medical devices -- 2. Nanocapsules and nanovesicles in medical devices -- 3. Nanofibers as drug delivery platforms.
4. Stimuli-responsive drug release mechanisms -- 5. External triggered drug release strategies -- 6. Nanotherapeutics for diagnostics in medical devices -- 6.1 Drug-eluting stents -- 6.2 Surgical devices -- 6.3 Dental implants and restorative materials -- 6.4 Tissue engineering constructs and scaffolds -- 6.5 Audiological devices -- 6.6 Wound care devices -- 6.7 Respiratory devices -- 6.8 Gastrointestinal devices -- 7. Potential applications and emerging trends -- 8. Collaboration and interdisciplinary approaches -- 9. Conclusion and summary -- References -- 4 -- Nanotherapeutics as vaccines and their regulatory aspects -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1 Nanotechnology -- 1.2 Importance of nanotherapeutics in the development of vaccines -- 1.3 Requirements of vaccines for infectious diseases -- 2. Targeted delivery strategies -- 2.1 Targeting immune cells for enhanced vaccine efficacy -- 2.2 Approaches for targeting mucosal surfaces -- 2.3 Techniques for surface modification and bioconjugation -- 2.3.1 Surface modification -- 2.3.2 Bioconjugation techniques -- 3. Nanoparticle-based vaccine delivery systems -- 4. Types of nanoparticles used in vaccine delivery -- 4.1 Characterization techniques for nanoparticles -- 5. Designing considerations for nanoparticle-based vaccines -- 6. Vaccines for viral infections based on nanotechnology -- 7. Challenges and future prospective -- 8. Conclusion -- References -- 2 -- Applications of nanotherapeutics and nanotheranostics in bacterial infections -- 5 -- Nanotherapeutics in pulmonary infections -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Overview of nanotherapeutics -- 2.1 Polymeric NPs -- 2.2 Liposomes -- 2.3 Dendrimers -- 2.4 Micelles -- 2.5 Silica NPs -- 2.6 Carbon nanotubes -- 2.7 Quantum dots -- 3. Various nanotherapeutic approaches -- 3.1 Nanoformulations for targeted gene therapy -- 3.2 Nanoformulations for immunomodulatory actions.
3.3 Nanoformulations for antimicrobial actions -- 4. Nanotherapeutics for specific pulmonary infections -- 4.1 Pneumonia -- 4.2 Tuberculosis -- 4.3 Asthma -- 4.4 Respiratory syncytial virus infection -- 4.5 Cystic fibrosis -- 4.6 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease -- 4.7 COVID-19 -- 5. Recent advances in nanotherapeutics for emerging pulmonary infections -- 6. Mechanism of action of nanotherapeutics in pulmonary infections -- 7. Challenges and future perspectives -- 8. Conclusions -- References -- 6 -- Nanotherapeutics in gastric infections -- 1. Introduction to nanotherapeutics -- 2. Introduction to various gastric infections -- 2.1 Risk factors for gastric infection -- 3. Underlying molecular mechanism in gastric infection -- 4. Challenges associated with gastric infection treatment -- 5. Challenges in the development of nanotherapeutics for gastric infection -- 6. Nanoparticles in H. pylori-associated infections -- 7. Nanoparticles in Giardia duodenalis-associated infections -- 8. Nanoparticles in Cryptosporidium-associated infections -- 9. Nanoparticles in Campylobacter-associated infections -- 10. Nanoparticles in Salmonella-associated infections -- 11. Nanoparticles as potential cargos in gastric cancer therapy -- 11.1 Role of H. pylori in gastric cancer -- 11.2 Role of EBV in gastric cancer -- 11.3 Role of other factors in gastric cancer -- 11.4 Nanoparticle attenuates H. pylori-associated gastric cancer -- 11.5 Nanomaterials used in gastric cancer -- 11.6 Current scenario of nanotherapeutics for gastric infection -- 11.7 Future directions of nanotherapeutics for gastric infection -- 12. Conclusion -- References -- Further reading -- 7 -- Nanotherapeutics for skin and soft tissue infections -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Anatomy of the skin and related physiology -- 2.1 Epidermis -- 2.2 Dermis -- 2.3 Hypodermis.
3. SSTI and classification of SSTIs -- 3.1 Purulent infections -- 3.2 Nonpurulent -- 4. Application of nanomaterials for SSTI -- 4.1 The applications of nanotherapeutics and nanotheranostics using various antibacterial agents and therapies -- 5. Advantages of nanobased therapeutics and diagnostics for SSTI management -- 6. Limitations faced in delivering therapeutics for SSTI -- 7. Current and future development in managing skin and soft tissue disease -- 8. Conclusion -- References -- 8 -- Nanotherapeutics in wound infection including diabetic foot ulcer -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1 Acute infection -- 1.2 Chronic infections -- 1.3 Diabetic foot ulcer -- 2. Management of infection -- 2.1 Biofilm formation -- 3. Nanotherapeutics in controlling infection -- 4. Nanoparticles -- 4.1 Metal NPs -- 4.2 Gold nanoparticles -- 4.3 Silver nanoparticles -- 4.4 Iron oxide nanoparticles -- 4.5 Platinum nanoparticles -- 4.6 Polymeric NPs -- 4.6.1 Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles -- 5. Liposomes -- 5.1 Solid lipid nanoparticles -- 5.2 Quantum dots -- 6. Nanovaccine -- 7. Nanogels -- 8. Nanofibers -- 9. Nanotubes -- 9.1 Nanomats -- 9.2 Gels -- 9.3 Active targeting -- 9.4 Triggered release -- 9.5 Biofilm targeting -- 9.5.1 Gold nanoparticle targeting infection site -- 9.6 Recent advances and future prospects -- 10. Conclusion -- References -- 9 -- Nanotherapeutics in ocular infections -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Barriers to effective ocular drug delivery -- 2.1 Ocular barriers: Precorneal barriers -- 2.1.1 Capacity of cul-de-sac -- 2.1.2 Lacrimal sac barriers -- 2.2 Corneal barriers (epithelium and stroma barriers) -- 2.3 Blood-ocular barriers (blood-aqueous barriers and blood-retinal barriers) -- 3. Challenges with ocular drug delivery systems -- 3.1 Systemic administration of ocular drug delivery system.
3.2 Topical administration of ocular drug delivery system -- 3.2.1 Tropical administration via eye drops -- 3.2.2 Tropical administration via intravitreal injection -- 3.2.3 Tropical administration via subconjunctival injections -- 4. Revolutionizing ocular therapeutics: The versatility of nano-based materials in eye care -- 4.1 Liposomes -- 4.2 Nanosuspension -- 4.3 Nanoemulsions -- 4.4 Bilosomes -- 4.5 Olaminosomes -- 4.6 Cubosomes -- 4.7 Dendrimers -- 4.8 Solid lipid nanoparticles -- 4.9 Nanomicelles -- 5. Advancements in nanobiomaterials for ocular tissue regeneration -- 6. Marketed nanoformulations for ocular drug delivery -- 7. Patents on ocular nanodrug delivery systems -- 8. Conclusion -- References -- 10 -- Nanotherapeutics in the management of bone infections -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1 Osteomyelitis -- 1.1.1 Occurrence of osteomyelitis across the globe and India -- 1.1.2 Pathophysiology and histopathology of osteomyelitis -- 1.1.3 Biofilm formation in osteomyelitis -- 1.1.4 Diagnosis -- 1.1.4.1 Routine examination and blood tests -- 1.1.4.2 Microbiology -- 1.1.4.3 Radiology -- 1.1.5 Treatment and management of osteomyelitis -- 1.1.5.1 Penicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus -- 1.1.5.2 Penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus -- 1.1.5.3 Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus -- 1.1.5.4 Streptococci (group A, B, beta hemolytic, Streptococcus pneumoniae) -- 1.1.5.5 Enterobacteriaceae quinolone sensitive -- 1.1.5.6 Enterobacteriaceae, quinolone-resistant (Escherichia coli) -- 1.1.5.7 Pseudomonas aeruginosa -- 1.1.5.8 Enterococci -- 1.1.5.9 Anaerobes -- 2. Nanotechnology -- 2.1 Nanotechnology to diagnose osteomyelitis -- 2.2 Nanotherapeutics to treat osteomyelitis -- 2.2.1 Lipid-based nanoparticles -- 2.2.2 Polymer-based particles -- 2.2.3 Inorganic nanoparticles -- 2.2.4 Metallic nanoparticles.