Exergy analysis of heating and cooling /

Exergy Analysis of Heating and Cooling presents a comprehensive understanding of the fundamental theory and design of various complex heating and cooling systems.The book develops a methodology for the reader to analyze the performance of thermodynamic heating and cooling systems, including known an...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors:	Favrat, Daniel (Author), Kane, Malick (Author)
Corporate Author:	ScienceDirect (Online service)
Format:	eBook
Language:	English
Published:	London, United Kingdom ; San Diego, CA : Academic Press, an imprint of Elsevier, [2025]
Subjects:	Exergy. Heating. Cooling. Exergie. Chauffage. Refroidissement. cooling. Electronic books.
Online Access:	Connect to the full text of this electronic book

Table of Contents:

Intro
Exergy Analysis of Heating and Cooling
Copyright
Contents
Preface
Acknowledgment
Chapter 1: Introduction
Importance of heating and cooling systems
Main conversion paths to heating
Main conversion paths to cooling (and incidentally heating)
Summary
References
Chapter 2: Historical review of heating and cooling theoretical and technological approaches
Introduction
The age of enlightenment for thermodynamics
Exergy, integrating first and second laws of thermodynamics
Summary
References
Chapter 3: Energy and exergy terms, balances and efficiencies
Introduction and definition
Analyzing a simple heating system
Energy balance of a thermodynamic system (First Law of thermodynamics)
Entropy balance (Second Law of thermodynamics)
Process-dependant parameters versus state functions
Exergy balance
Exergy terms
Effectiveness (First Law) and exergy efficiency (First and Second Laws)
Commonly used indicators
Approach for a general expression of the effectiveness
The important role of the atmospheric temperature
Energy and exergy analyses with reactive processes
Definitions
Main combustion parameters of a generic fuel molecule with air
Energy (heating) values of fuels
Enthalpies of formation and absolute entropies
Exergy value and exergy of diffusion (also called chemical exergy)
Exergy balance for a generic fuel molecule CaHbOcNd
Liquid water as a special case
General synthesis of the energy and exergy approaches
Energy approach
Exergy approach
Basic principles to improve exergy efficiencies of heating and cooling technologies
Illustration of some applications in the exergy bowl (coenergy function)
Basic elements of psychrometry
Summary
References.
Chapter 4: Exergy analyses of basic components of heating or cooling systems
Introduction and terminology
Exergy losses accompanying the process of heating and cooling
Basic principles to improve exergy efficiencies of heating/cooling systems
Fundamental equations for open systems in quasi steady state
Representing the exergy losses in heat exchangers for heating or cooling
Compressor or turbine machine efficiencies versus exergy efficiency
Real fluids and the Joule-Thomson effect
Volumetric compressors (example of ``reciprocating compressors´´)
Influence of the dead or clearance volume
Volumetric compressors (example of some ``rotary type compressors´´)
The twin-screw compressors
The scroll compressors
Influence of the built-in volume ratio
Dynamic compressors (example of ``centrifugal compressor´´)
Exergy analysis of the most commonly used components in heating and cooling systems: The important role of the temperature
Building centralized heating system based a fuel boiler
District heating (DH) systems with cogeneration
Cooling application based a vapor compression refrigeration cycle
Energy/exergy carried by a stream: Enthalpy/entropy relationship
Ideal stream at constant pressure (without dissipation)
Real stream at constant pressure (without dissipation)
Flow exergy carried by a stream (ideal or real) with dissipation losses
Exergy analysis of a heat transfer process in a heat exchanger
Heat exchanger without phase change
Exergy received by the system from the hot stream
Exergy provided by the system to the cold stream
Exergy loss by heat transfer between hot and cold streams
Heat exchanger with phase change
Heat exchanger streams with dissipation losses
Exergy received by the system from the hot stream
Exergy provided by the system to the cold stream.
General expression of efficiency of the heat exchanger
Exergy analysis of a compression process
Compression process in a compressor
Exergy analysis of an expansion process
Expansion process in a turbine
Expansion process in a valve
Exergy analysis of a fluid mixing process
Non-reactive fluid mixing process without phase change
General expression of efficiency of a non-reactive fluid mixing process
Various cases of a non-compressible fluid mixing process
Case of a feedwater tank with return liquids at different pressure and temperature
Case of a hot water mixing valve in different configurations
Case of a buffer, an accumulator or a hydraulic decoupling cylinder in heating or cooling systems
Various cases of a phase change fluid mixing process
Cases of a superheated water preparation unit or a steam boiler feedwater system
Cases of economizers (or flash tanks) in heat pump or refrigeration cycles
Combustion and other chemical processes
Approaches to assess exergy efficiencies of heating and cooling systems
Exergy services and overall exergy efficiency of the system
Identifying and locating the systems major exergy losses
Key parameters influencing the performance of the system
Summary
References
Chapter 5: Analyses of major heating and cooling systems
Introduction
Overall exergy efficiencies for heating and cooling systems
System decomposition in subsystems
System decomposition in subsystems including grid and transport network losses
Main thermal cycles technologies
Vapor compression heat pump/refrigeration system technologies
Vapor compression heat pump/refrigeration Cycle
Refrigerants
The most considered pure refrigerants and mixtures
The main categories of refrigerants
Components used in heat pump/refrigeration systems
Compressors.
Evaporators with regulating valves
Direct expansion evaporators
Flooded evaporators with thermosiphon or forced flow (with or without spray)
Falling films
Defrosting of the air-source evaporators
Condensers in heat pumps
Exergy analysis of a simple heat pump/refrigeration cycle
Energy/exergy balances for the cycle and performance indicators
Calculating the global exergy losses and efficiency of vapor compression heat pump/refrigeration cycle
Evaluating dissipation and devaluation exergy losses in vapor compression heat pump/refrigeration cycle
Dissipation losses per unit of power
Devaluation losses per unit of power
Explicit relations between exergy efficiency and effectiveness of a heat pump cycle
Main recommendations to improve performance of vapor compression heat pump cycles
Refrigerant working fluids with low or high molar mass
Wet or dry vapor compression
Two-phase expander or turbine versus expansion valve
Cycle with or without internal heat exchanger
Single or multi-stage heat pump cycles
Pure or mixture of refrigerants with Lorenz cycle
Chemical heat pumps
Other types of less common heat pumps
Thermoelectric
Magnetic
Air-conditioning installation
Heating systems based on boiler technologies
Standard fuel-fired boiler heating systems and technology
Exergy analysis of a standard combustion boiler heating system
Energy/exergy services and exergy efficiency of the boiler system
Key parameters influencing the performance of a standard boiler system
Exergy services and exergy efficiency of the substation system
The advantage of using vapor condensation boilers
Industrial boiler heating systems
Summary
References
Chapter 6: Power co- or trigeneration technologies
The simultaneous production of different energy services.
Power and cogeneration
Fuel based combustion systems
Gas internal combustion engines (spark ignition SI)
Diesel internal combustion engines (compression ignition CI)
Gas turbines
Steam power plants
Combined cycle power plants
Electrochemical systems (fuel cells)
Solar
Hydropower
Nuclear
General approach to calculate cogeneration performance indicators
Energy/exergy efficiencies relationship
Trigeneration systems
Summary
References
Chapter 7: Energy storage systems
Importance of energy storage
Fuel storage
Thermal energy storage
Electricity storage
Rapid output storage technologies
Exergy analysis of energy storage systems
Summary
References
Chapter 8: District heating and cooling systems (DHC)
Generation of district heating and cooling
The important role of heat pumps and advanced cogeneration
Knowledge of GIS and composites
General exergy equations for DH networks
Relations relative to case Gen 2 DH (Figure 8.15)
Relations relative to case Gen 5 DH (Figure 8.16)
Summary
References
Chapter 9: Exergy and industrial processes
Introduction
Determination of the basic needs of a given site
Composite curves
Diagrams based on composites
Table method
Threshold problem
Composite curves and exergy losses
Interpretation of the pinch and the energy targets
Designing heat exchanger networks for minimum energy requirements
Network above the pinch (sink)
Network below the pinch (source)
Balance between utility consumption and investment
Subsystems
Relaxation paths
Network loop
Summary of the design method for minimum energy networks
Procedures for the determination of the optimal pinch
Simple economic criteria
Equipment costs
Estimation of the average heat transfer areas for a network.