http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3 http://www.loc.gov/standards/mods/v3/mods-3-2.xsd
Renewable Energy for Plug-In Electric Vehicles
Challenges, Approaches, and Solutions for Grid Integration
This book provides an in-depth exploration of the integration of renewable energy sources with plug-in electric vehicles (EVs), focusing on the challenges and solutions associated with grid integration. It discusses current and future trends in EV technology, the impact of charging on grid power quality, and the use of advanced technologies in power electronics for sustainable mobility. The book is aimed at engineers, researchers, and professionals in the field of electrical and electronics engineering, offering insights into various charging techniques, standards, and the potential of renewable energy sources such as solar photovoltaics and green hydrogen. It also explores the role of artificial intelligence in optimizing energy storage systems and the integration of distributed generation. The author's goal is to provide a comprehensive understanding of the technical and regulatory aspects of EV and renewable energy integration, highlighting opportunities and challenges in achieving sustainable transportation.
Front Cover -- Renewable Energy for Plug-In Electric Vehicles -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- List of contributors -- 1 A perspective review of present and future trends of electric vehicle technology -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Converters for electric vehicles -- 1.2.1 DC-DC converters -- 1.2.2 DC-AC converter -- 1.3 Energy storage systems and energy management systems for electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles -- 1.3.1 Energy storage systems -- 1.3.2 Energy management systems -- 1.4 Electric traction motors -- 1.5 Conclusions -- References -- 2 Review of effects on the power grid from plugging in electric vehicles and renewable energy sources -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.1.1 Overview of electric vehicle integration to the grid -- 2.1.1.1 Charging infrastructures -- 2.1.1.2 Smart charging -- 2.1.1.3 Vehicle to grid technology -- 2.1.1.4 Grid management and communication -- 2.1.1.5 Grid resilience -- 2.1.1.6 Renewable energy integration -- 2.1.1.7 Demand response -- 2.1.1.8 Grid planning -- 2.1.1.9 Data security and privacy -- 2.1.2 Overview of renewable energy source integration to the grid -- 2.1.2.1 Diverse renewable energy sources -- 2.1.2.2 Intermittency and variability -- 2.1.2.3 Energy storage -- 2.1.2.4 Grid modernization -- 2.1.2.5 Transmission and distribution upgrades -- 2.1.2.6 Grid flexibility -- 2.1.2.7 Regulatory and policy frameworks -- 2.1.2.8 Grid controlling and forecasting -- 2.1.2.9 Environmental and social benefits -- 2.1.2.10 Public awareness and education -- 2.2 Status of electric vehicles and renewable energy sources worldwide -- 2.2.1 Electric vehicle statistics -- 2.2.2 Renewable energy source statistics -- 2.3 Electric vehicle integration's difficulties with the grid -- 2.4 Renewable energy source integration's difficulties with the grid -- 2.5 Conclusion -- References.
3 Current issues and future challenges regarding electric vehicles' fast charging and its impact on grid power quality in t... -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.1.1 The electric vehicle revolution: a global shift in mobility -- 3.1.2 The need for fast charging infrastructure -- 3.2 Current issues regarding electric vehicles' fast charging -- 3.2.1 Charging infrastructure gap -- 3.2.2 Uneven distribution -- 3.2.3 Power demand peaks -- 3.2.4 Grid capacity -- 3.2.5 Intermittent charging -- 3.2.6 Charging speed versus battery life -- 3.2.7 Energy source and environmental concerns -- 3.2.8 Cost -- 3.2.9 Compatibility and standards -- 3.2.10 Regulatory barriers -- 3.2.11 Consumer behavior and education -- 3.2.12 Scaling charging infrastructure -- 3.2.13 Load balancing and grid stability -- 3.2.14 Dynamic energy demand -- 3.2.15 Grid reinforcement and upgrades -- 3.2.16 Bidirectional energy flow -- 3.3 Types of electric vehicles fast charging -- 3.3.1 Benefits of direct current fast charging -- 3.3.1.1 Reduced charging time -- 3.3.1.2 Convenience -- 3.3.1.3 Grid stability -- 3.3.2 The future of DC fast charging -- 3.3.3 Ultrafast charging -- 3.3.4 Future challenges -- 3.3.4.1 Charging speed -- 3.3.4.2 Reduced charging time -- 3.3.4.3 Impact on the grid -- 3.3.4.4 Battery compatibility -- 3.3.4.5 Bidirectional charging -- 3.3.5 Charging stations and infrastructure -- 3.3.5.1 Level 1 charging (120V, AC) -- 3.3.5.2 Level 2 charging (240V, AC) -- 3.3.5.3 Connector types -- 3.3.5.4 Combined charging system -- 3.3.5.5 CHAdeMO -- 3.3.5.6 Tesla connector -- 3.3.5.7 Tesla destination charger connector -- 3.3.5.8 Renewable integration -- 3.3.5.9 Smart charging algorithms -- 3.3.5.10 Cybersecurity and data management -- 3.4 Impact on grid power quality -- 3.4.1 Load profiles and peaks -- 3.4.2 Voltage regulation -- 3.4.3 Frequency stability -- 3.4.4 Harmonic distortion.
3.5 Future challenges and solutions -- 3.5.1 Grid integration strategies -- 3.5.1.1 Load management -- 3.5.1.2 Demand-response programs -- 3.5.1.3 Location planning -- 3.5.1.4 Load management -- 3.5.1.5 High-voltage direct current charging -- 3.5.1.6 Battery energy storage -- 3.5.1.7 Smart charging infrastructure -- 3.5.1.8 Renewable energy integration -- 3.5.1.9 Grid upgrades -- 3.5.1.10 Grid connectivity -- 3.5.1.11 Standardization -- 3.5.1.12 Monitoring and data analytics -- 3.5.2 Energy storage integration -- 3.5.3 Smart charging algorithms -- 3.5.4 Grid modernization -- 3.6 Conclusion -- References -- 4 Microgrid with, vehicle-to-grid and grid-to-vehicle technology for DC fast charging topology -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Notations -- 4.3 Architecture of a direct current rapid charging station for a vehicle-to-grid -- 4.3.1 Battery charger configuration -- 4.3.2 Inverter with grid connectivity and LCL filter -- 4.4 Regulatory system -- 4.4.1 Control for off-board charger -- 4.4.2 Inverter control -- 4.5 Design of the microgrid test system -- 4.6 Simulation results -- 4.7 Conclusion -- References -- 5 Sustainable mobility: harnessing renewable energy for electric vehicle charging infrastructure -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Organizational structure for technical operations -- 5.2.1 Methods and systems for storing energy -- 5.2.2 Standardization of electric vehicle charging systems -- 5.3 Advanced technologies in power electronics -- 5.4 Incorporating renewable energy into the grid -- 5.4.1 Intelligent electric vehicle charging solutions -- 5.5 Integration of renewable energy sources and electric vehicles -- 5.6 Harmonizing renewable energy and electric vehicle systems -- 5.6.1 Electric vehicle charging facilities in parking areas -- 5.6.2 Advancements in electric vehicle batteries and energy storage.
5.6.3 Strategies for electric vehicles to enhance renewable energy integration -- 5.6.4 Centralized management of electric vehicle charging -- 5.7 Infrastructure development for electric vehicle charging stations -- 5.8 Optimizing and managing electric vehicle charging infrastructure -- 5.9 Accelerating electric vehicle charging: fast and ultrafast stations and battery swaps -- 5.10 Smart scheduling systems for electric vehicle charging -- 5.10.1 Queue management strategies for electric vehicle charging stations -- 5.11 Communication systems for managing infrastructure -- 5.11.1 Artificial intelligence techniques in predicting energy demand -- 5.12 Machine learning for optimizing electric vehicle charging schedules -- 5.12.1 Integrated decision strategies for battery storage and charging systems -- 5.13 Identifying future research needs in electric power systems -- 5.13.1 Challenges in meeting power system demands -- 5.13.2 Limitations of electric vehicle charging infrastructure -- 5.13.3 Innovations in smart energy management -- 5.13.4 Expanding integration of diverse renewable energy sources -- 5.14 Enhancing the resilience and flexibility of power systems -- 5.15 Advancements in wireless electric vehicle charging technologies -- 5.16 Environmental considerations in integrating renewable energy sources -- 5.17 Challenges and opportunities -- 5.18 Conclusion -- Acknowledgment -- References -- 6 Critical review on electric vehicles: chargers, charging techniques, and standards -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Types of hybrid electric vehicles -- 6.2.1 Series hybrid electric vehicle -- 6.2.2 Parallel hybrid electric vehicle -- 6.2.3 Series parallel hybrid vehicle -- 6.3 Electric vehicle charging standards and types -- 6.3.1 Level 1 chargers -- 6.3.2 Level 2 chargers -- 6.3.3 Level 3 chargers -- 6.4 Charging connectors and types -- 6.4.1 SAE J1772.
6.4.2 IEC 62196-2 -- 6.4.3 CHAdeMO -- 6.4.4 Combined Charging System -- 6.4.5 Tesla connector -- 6.5 Power converters for electric vehicle charging -- 6.5.1 Onboard charger -- 6.5.2 DC-DC converter -- 6.5.3 AC-DC converter -- 6.5.4 DC-AC converter -- 6.6 Integration of electric vehicle with a renewable energy source -- 6.6.1 Regenerative braking systems -- 6.6.2 Solar panels on vehicles -- 6.6.3 Smart charging with renewable energy -- 6.6.4 Home charging with renewable energy -- 6.6.5 Vehicle-to-grid integration -- 6.6.6 Energy storage integration -- 6.6.7 Renewable energy credits -- 6.7 Conclusion -- References -- 7 Renewable green hydrogen as a future power for electric vehicles: a perspective -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.1.1 Sustainable mobility for a better future -- 7.1.2 Paving the way for sustainable mobility and clean energy solutions -- 7.2 Green hydrogen production techniques: exploring diverse pathways for a sustainable future -- 7.2.1 Proton exchange membrane electrolysis process -- 7.2.2 Biomass gasification process -- 7.2.3 Thermochemical hydrogen production -- 7.2.4 Photobiological water splitting process -- 7.3 Driving toward a zero-emission future with green hydrogen -- 7.4 Pioneering sustainable mobility with longer range and rapid refueling -- 7.4.1 Overcoming cost challenges to affordable hydrogen-powered mobility -- 7.4.2 Overcoming challenges to unlocking the potential of fuel cell electric vehicles -- 7.4.3 Durability and reliability challenges in fuel cell electric vehicles -- 7.4.4 The power of public awareness and acceptance in accelerating adoption -- 7.5 Fuel cell electric vehicles: from prototypes to commercialization-a marketing journey -- 7.6 Conclusion -- References -- 8 Feasibility and possibility of biofuel-based electric vehicles in the electric vehicle market -- 8.1 Introduction.
edited by Thanikanti Sudhakar Babu, Praveen Kumar Balachandran, Nnamdi Nwulu.