Fundamentals of radiation oncology : physical, biological, and clinical aspects /
Fundamentals of Radiation Oncology: Physical, Biological, and Clinical Aspects, Fourth Edition, is written by a team of renowned experts. This book is a must-have resource for anyone practicing radiation oncology. From basic principles to more-advanced planning and delivery of radiation therapy to t...
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| Format: | eBook |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
London, United Kingdom :
Academic Press, an imprint of Elsevier,
2024.
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| Edition: | Fourth edition. |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Connect to the full text of this electronic book |
Table of Contents:
- Front Cover
- Fundamentals of Radiation Oncology
- Fundamentals of Radiation Oncology: Physical, Biological, and Clinical Aspects
- Copyright
- Dedication
- Contents
- Contributors 3rd edition: [I am thankful to previous edition contributors for their excellent editing that formed the basis ...
- Contributors 4th edition: [Contributing Authors 4th edition are listed alphabetically by first names]
- Reviewers 4th edition: (Reviewers for the 4th edition listed alphabetically by first name)
- About the editor
- Foreword-James Bonner
- Foreword-Thomas Buchholz
- Preface
- I
- Basic Science of Radiation Oncology
- 1
- Radiation Physics, Dosimetry, and Treatment Planning
- Fundamental Physical Quantities
- Mass
- Energy
- Charge
- Force
- Atomic Structure
- Atomic Models
- Electron Binding Energy
- Atomic Shell Filling Rules
- Characteristic Radiation
- Auger Electrons
- Nuclear Binding Energy
- Nuclear Structure
- Radioactive Decay
- Modes of Radioactive Decay
- Alpha Decay
- Beta Decay
- Gamma Emission
- Isomeric Transitions
- Internal Conversion
- Mathematics of Radioactive Decay
- Activity
- Equilibrium
- Electromagnetic Radiation and Properties of Interaction
- Photon Interaction Process, Kerma, Absorbed Dose
- Modes of Photon Interaction
- Particulate Radiation Properties and Interactions
- Interactions of Electrons
- Interactions of Neutrons
- Interactions of Heavy Charged Particles
- The Physics of Dosimetry
- Inverse Square Law
- Backscatter Factor (BSF)
- Peak Scatter Factor (PSF)
- Depth of Maximum Dose (dmax)
- Percentage Depth Dose (PDD)
- Tissue-Air Ratio (TAR)
- Scatter-Air Ratio (SAR)
- Tissue-Phantom Ratio (TPR), Tissue-Maximum Ratio (TMR)
- Linac Calibration
- Types of Calibration
- Field Size Correction Factors
- Collimator Scatter Factor and Phantom Scatter Factor.
- Beam Modifier Factors
- Patient Attenuation Factors
- Calculation of Treatment Monitor Units
- Electron Beam Dosimetry
- The Physics of Radiation Treatment Planning and Delivery
- External Beam Radiation
- Internal Radiation
- Radiation Treatment Planning
- External Beam Radiation Therapy
- 3-D Conformal Radiation Therapy (3-D CRT)
- Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT)
- Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT)
- Image-Guided Radiation Therapy (IGRT)
- Brachytherapy
- Interstitial Brachytherapy
- Intracavitary Brachytherapy
- Other Radiation Therapy Modalities
- References
- 2
- Radiation Protection and Safety
- Measurement of Radiation Quantities
- Radiation Exposure
- Air Kerma
- Absorbed Dose
- Effective Dose Equivalent
- Measurement of Radiation Quantities/Radiation Protection Principles
- Effective Dose
- Radiation Protection Principles
- Organizations
- Regulations
- Occupational and General Public Dose Limits
- ALARA and Radiation-Induced Biological Effects
- Treatment Room Design
- Signage, Labeling, and Packeging Requirements
- Equipment and Area Monitoring
- Personnel Monitoring
- References
- 3
- Radiation Biology
- Radiobiological Quantities
- Directly and Indirectly Ionizing Radiation
- Deposition of Ionizations Along Tracks
- Direct and Indirect Action of Radiation
- Linear Energy Transfer (LET)
- Relative Biological Effectiveness (RBE)
- Therapeutic Ratio
- Radiation Effects on Chromosomes
- Chromosome-Type Aberrations
- Chromatid-Type Aberrations
- Telomeres and Telomerase
- Repair of Radiation Damage
- Cell Survival Curves
- Target Theory
- The Linear-Quadratic Model (L-Q)
- The Four "Rs" of Radiobiology
- Altered Fractionation Protocols Used in Clinical Radiotherapy
- Dose Rate Effect and Repair of Damage
- Sublethal Damage (SLD)
- Potentially Lethal Damage (PLD).
- The Oxygen Effect and Reoxygenation
- Radiosensitizers and Radioprotectors
- Cell and Tumor Cell Kinetics
- Molecular and Biology Techniques
- MicroRNAs
- Cell Cycle Kinetics
- Effects on Tumor Cells
- Normal Tissues Kinetics and Proliferation Status
- Effects on Normal Tissues
- Functional Subunits (FSU)
- Michalowski's H-type, and F-type Classification
- Radiation and Cytokines
- Early and Late Reacting Tissues: Specific Organs
- Early Reacting Tissues
- Late Reacting Tissues
- Acute Effects of Whole-Body Irradiation
- Prodromal Syndrome
- Hematopoietic Syndrome
- Gastrointestinal Syndrome
- Central Nervous Syndrome/Cerebrovascular Syndrome
- Deterministic and Stochastic Effects of Radiation
- Deterministic Effects
- Stochastic Effects
- Carcinogenesis
- Effects of Radiation on the Embryo and Fetus
- Radiation-Induced Heritable Changes
- Sources of Radiation Exposure
- References
- 4
- Molecular Cancer Biology
- Cell Cycle Control
- G1 S
- G2 M
- Carcinogenesis and Metastasis
- Matrix Metalloproteinases
- Integrins
- Tumor Suppressor Genes
- DNA Repair Genes
- Proto-Oncogenes and Oncogenes
- Receptor Tyrosine Kinases
- Regulatory GTPases
- Other Kinases
- Transcription Factors
- Apoptosis
- Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway
- Extrinsic Apoptotic Pathway
- Necroptosis
- Angiogenesis
- Therapeutics
- Chemotherapeutics
- Targeted Therapies
- References
- II
- Techniques and Modalities of Radiation Oncology
- 5
- Brachytherapy
- Techniques of Brachytherapy
- Physics and Biology of Brachytherapy Sources
- Radioactive Sources
- Source Strength Specifications
- Source Strength Calibration
- Brachytherapy Dose Calculation: Calculation of Dose Using TG-43 (or TG-186) Formalism
- Brachytherapy Dose Rate
- Radiobiology of LDR and HDR
- HDR Remote Afterloader
- Computerized Treatment Planning Process.
- Clinical Indication of Brachytherapy
- Breast Cancer
- Prostate Cancer
- Endometrial Cancer
- Cervical Cancer
- Soft Tissue Sarcoma
- Palliative Brachytherapy
- References
- 6
- Intensity Modulated and Image Guided Radiation Therapy
- Target Volumes, Margins, and Dose Volumes
- Inverse Planning IMRT
- Volumetric Moulated Arc Therapy
- Image Guided Radiotherapy (IGRT)
- Clinical Experience and Technique of IMRT and VMAT
- Brain Cancer
- Head and Neck Cancer
- Breast Cancer
- Lung Cancer
- Prostate Cancer
- References
- 7
- Stereotactic Radiation Therapy: Cranial Lesions
- Radiobiology of Stereotactic Radiation
- SRS Technique
- Patient Immobilization and Setup
- Imaging
- Target Volume Delineation
- Delineation of OAR Volumes
- Treatment Planning
- Treatment Plan Assessment
- Clinical Indication of Cranial Stereotactic Radiation
- Brain Metastases
- Acoustic Neuroma
- Pituitary Adenoma
- Skull-Based Meningioma
- Arteriovenous Malformation and Cavernous Hemangioma
- Trigeminal Neuralgia
- Parkinson's Disease
- SRS Toxicity
- Selected Clinical Trials of SRS for Metastatic Brain Cancer
- References
- 8
- Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy: Lung Cancers
- Lung Cancer
- SBRT for Central &
- Ultracentral Lesions
- Treatment Planning
- CT Simulation &
- Motion Management
- Contouring
- Planning &
- Evaluation
- QA &
- Treatment Delivery
- Dose &
- Fractionation
- Selected Clinical Trials for Lung SBRT
- Ongoing or Pending Clinical Trials
- Consensus Guideline
- References
- 9
- Proton Radiation Therapy
- Proton Beam Depth Dose
- Proton Relative Biological Effectiveness
- Beam Production, Delivery, Treatment Planning and QA
- Clinical Use of Proton Radiotherapy
- Central Nervous System
- Chordoma
- Chondrosarcoma
- Meningioma
- Diffuse Glioma
- Glioblastoma.
- Head and Neck Cancer
- Lung Cancer
- Esophagus Cancer
- HCC
- Prostate Cancer
- Gynecological Cancer
- Breast Cancer
- Pediatric Cancer
- Medulloblastoma
- Adolescent and Young Adults (AYA)
- Limitations of Proton Beam Therapy
- References
- 10
- Adaptive Radiotherapy
- Rational for ART
- Workflow of ART
- Technologies for ART
- Offline and Online Adaptive Planning
- Commercial Online ART Systems
- MRI-Based Online ART System
- CBCT-Based Online ART System
- PET-Based Online ART System
- Clinical Applications of ART
- Head and Neck Cancer
- Lung Cancer
- Pancreatic Cancer, Liver Cancer, and Abdominal Oligometastasis
- Prostate Cancer
- Cervical Cancer
- References
- 11
- Artificial Intelligence in Radiation Therapy
- Basic Concepts of AI
- General Role of AI in Radiation Oncology
- Image Generation and Enhancement
- Image Segmentation, Treatment Planning, and Outcome/Toxicity Prediction
- Quality Assurance and Error Detection
- Medical Records, Patient Management, and Decision Support
- Role of AI in Image Segmentation
- Role of AI in Treatment Planning
- Advanced AI Methods and 3D Dose Prediction
- Other Treatment Planning Applications
- Role of AI in RT Toxicity Prediction and Outcome Assessment
- Challenges and Considerations for Integrating AI Tools into Clinical Workflows
- References
- 12
- Immunotherapy
- Immune System Components
- Anatomy of the Immune System
- Cells of the Immune System
- The Immune Synapse
- The Immune Tolerance Mechanisms
- Immunotherapy
- Vaccine Immunotherapy
- Antibody Immunotherapy
- Cytokine Immunotherapy
- Adoptive T-Cell Immunotherapy
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Immunotherapy
- Radiation and the Immune System
- Combination Radiation and Immunotherapy Trials
- Selective Site-specific Cancer Immunotherapy
- Melanoma
- Ipilimumab
- Nivolumab
- Pembrolizumab.