Cover Image

Fluid inclusion studies /

Fluid inclusions are samples of paleo-fluids entrapped in minerals and can provide indispensable information about the compositions of the fluids, and the temperature and pressure conditions of the host mineral formation.

Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Chi, Guoxiang (Author), Steele-MacInnis, Matthew (Author)
Corporate Author: ScienceDirect (Online service)
Format: eBook
Language:English
Published: Amsterdam, Netherlands ; Cambridge, MA : Elsevier, [2025]
Subjects:
Fluid inclusions.
Inclusions fluides.
Electronic books.
Online Access:Connect to the full text of this electronic book
Table of Contents:
  • Front Cover
  • Fluid Inclusion Studies
  • Fluid Inclusion Studies
  • Copyright
  • Contents
  • Preface
  • A fluid inclusion speaks its mind
  • References
  • 1
  • Principles
  • Part 1: Principles of fluid inclusion studies
  • 1
  • Geofluids
  • 1.1 Occurrences of geofluids
  • 1.2 Types of geofluids
  • 1.3 Characterization of geofluids and related geologic processes
  • 1.3.1 Fluid pressure
  • 1.3.2 Fluid temperature
  • 1.3.3 Fluid density
  • 1.3.4 Fluid composition
  • 1.4 Fluid flow systems and driving forces
  • References
  • 2
  • Classification of fluid inclusions
  • 2.1 Classification of fluid inclusions based on chemical composition
  • 2.2 Classification of fluid inclusions based on phase assemblages at room temperature
  • 2.3 Classification of fluid inclusions based on behavior of homogenization
  • References
  • 3
  • Genesis of fluid inclusions
  • 3.1 Timing of fluid inclusion entrapment relative to the host mineral
  • 3.2 Mechanisms of fluid inclusion entrapment
  • 3.3 Postentrapment changes of fluid inclusions
  • 3.4 Homogeneous versus heterogeneous entrapment
  • References
  • 4
  • Phase analysis
  • 4.1 Systems, phases, and components
  • 4.2 Equilibrium between phases
  • 4.3 Some notes on metastability
  • 4.4 The phase rule
  • 4.5 Introduction to phase diagrams
  • 4.5.1 One-component systems
  • 4.5.2 Two-component systems
  • 4.5.3 Three (or more) components
  • 4.6 Principles of microthermometry
  • 4.6.1 One-component system
  • 4.6.2 Two-component system
  • References
  • 5
  • General principles and approaches of fluid inclusion study
  • 5.1 Selection of fluid inclusions for study
  • 5.2 Conditions for obtaining reliable PVTX information from fluid inclusions
  • 5.3 Fluid inclusion assemblage concept
  • 5.4 Practical approaches
  • References
  • 2
  • Methods
  • Part 2: Methods of fluid inclusion studies
  • 6
  • Sample selection and preparation.
  • 6.1 Selection of samples for fluid inclusion studies
  • 6.2 Preparation of sections for fluid inclusion study
  • References
  • 7
  • Fluid inclusion petrography
  • 7.1 Determination of paragenetic position of targeted host minerals
  • 7.2 Types of fluid inclusions and their descriptions
  • 7.3 Modes of occurrence of fluid inclusions
  • 7.4 Differentiating primary, pseudosecondary, and secondary fluid inclusions
  • 7.5 Use and misuse of the fluid inclusion assemblage concept
  • References
  • 8
  • Microthermometry
  • 8.1 Preparation and documentation of microthermometric data
  • 8.2 Heating-freezing stage and calibration
  • 8.3 Planning the heating and cooling runs
  • 8.4 Measurement of phase change temperatures in cooling runs
  • 8.4.1 Cooling runs of aqueous inclusions with no measurable nonaqueous volatiles
  • Scenario 8.4.1a: Low-salinity aqueous inclusions
  • Scenario 8.4.1 b: Intermediate-salinity aqueous inclusions with ice as the last-melting phase
  • Scenario 8.4.1 c: High-salinity aqueous inclusions with hydrohalite as the last-melting phase
  • 8.4.2 Cooling runs of aqueous inclusions containing measurable nonaqueous volatiles
  • Scenario 8.4.2 a: Aqueous-carbonic fluid inclusions with visible carbonic fluid phases
  • Scenario 8.4.2 b: Aqueous-carbonic fluid inclusions with no visible carbonic fluid phases but with measurable melting of cl ...
  • 8.4.3 Cooling runs of fluid inclusions dominated by nonaqueous volatiles with no visible aqueous phase
  • 8.5 Measurement of phase change temperatures in heating runs
  • 8.6 The cycling and sequential freezing techniques
  • 8.7 Metastability problems in microthermometry
  • 8.7.1 Metastability related to incomplete freezing in cooling runs
  • 8.7.2 Melting of hydrohalite at temperatures above the stability field
  • 8.7.3 Melting of ice without the presence of the vapor phase.
  • 8.7.4 Liquid-only fluid inclusions
  • 8.8 Microthermometric study of fluid inclusions in some opaque minerals
  • References
  • 9
  • Melt inclusions
  • 9.1 Philosophy of melt inclusion analysis
  • 9.2 General features of melt inclusions
  • 9.3 Microthermometry of melt inclusions
  • 9.4 Chemical microanalysis of melt inclusions
  • 9.5 Volatiles in melt inclusions
  • References
  • 10
  • Chemical analysis of fluid inclusions
  • 10.1 Overview of analytical methods for fluid inclusions
  • 10.2 Raman spectroscopy
  • 10.2.1 Identification of chemical components or species in fluid inclusions
  • 10.2.2 Quantification of gas species in gas mixtures
  • 10.2.3 Quantification of gas species dissolved in the liquid phase
  • 10.2.4 Determination of chlorinity in aqueous fluid inclusions
  • 10.2.5 Determination of cations in aqueous fluid inclusions
  • 10.2.6 Determination of fluid density and/or pressure of CO2-, CH4-, and N2-bearing inclusions
  • 10.2.7 Minor components and isotopic analyses of fluid inclusions
  • 10.3 LA-ICP-MS analysis of fluid inclusions
  • 10.4 SEM-EDS analysis of decrepitates of individual fluid inclusions
  • 10.5 Other single fluid inclusion analysis methods
  • 10.5.1 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
  • 10.5.2 UV fluorescence spectroscopy
  • 10.5.3 Synchrotron X-ray fluorescence (SXRF) analysis
  • 10.5.4 Proton induced X-ray emission (PIXE) analysis
  • 10.6 Bulk fluid inclusion analyses
  • 10.6.1 Leachate analysis
  • 10.6.2 Volatile analysis
  • 10.6.3 H-O-C isotope analysis
  • 10.6.4 Ar-Ar isotopic dating
  • 10.6.5 Rb-Sr isotopic dating
  • 10.6.6 Noble gas and halogen isotopes
  • References
  • 11
  • PVTX modeling
  • 11.1 One-component systems
  • 11.2 Two-component systems
  • 11.2.1 H2O-NaCl
  • 11.2.2 H2O-CO2
  • 11.3 Three-component systems
  • 11.3.1 H2O-NaCl plus a second salt
  • 11.3.2 H2O-CO2 plus a second gas
  • 11.3.3 H2O-NaCl-CO2.
  • 11.3.4 H2O-NaCl-CH4
  • 11.4 Four (or more) component systems
  • References
  • 12
  • Data presentation and interpretation
  • 12.1 Tables showing microthermometric measurement and calculation results
  • 12.2 Graphical presentations of the data and calculation results
  • 12.3 Interpretation of P-T conditions, fluid states, and processes
  • 12.3.1 Temperature estimation
  • 12.3.2 Fluid pressure estimation
  • 12.3.3 Depth estimation
  • 12.3.4 Fluid immiscibility
  • 12.3.5 Fluid mixing
  • 12.3.6 Integrated geological interpretation
  • References
  • 3
  • Applications
  • Part 3: Applications of fluid inclusions
  • 13
  • Application in mineral deposits
  • 13.1 Use of fluid inclusions to help determine mineral deposit types
  • 13.2 Evaluation of fluid P-T-X conditions and evolution of mineralization systems
  • 13.3 Key evidence for fluid immiscibility and fluid mixing
  • 13.4 Supporting evidence for the sources of ore-forming fluids
  • 13.5 Supporting evidence for the sources and transport of metals
  • 13.6 Supporting evidence for fluid flow mechanisms related to mineralization
  • 13.7 Application of fluid inclusions in mineral exploration
  • 13.7.1 Reconnaissance study of fluid inclusions to help mineral exploration
  • 13.7.2 Using fluid inclusion data to distinguish ore-forming and barren systems
  • 13.7.3 Mapping of fluid inclusion data as a tool for mineral exploration
  • References
  • 14
  • Application in diagenesis and oil and gas deposits in sedimentary basins
  • 14.1 Use of fluid inclusions to determine diagenetic environments
  • 14.2 Use of fluid inclusions to constrain burial history of sedimentary basins
  • 14.3 Use of fluid inclusions to study petroleum systems and their P-T conditions
  • 14.4 Application of fluid inclusions in oil and gas exploration
  • References
  • 15
  • Application in magmatic systems
  • 15.1 Melt generation.
  • 15.2 Melt-melt and melt-fluid immiscibility
  • 15.3 Melt mixing
  • 15.4 Magma ascent, emplacement, and eruption
  • 15.5 Transition from magmatic to hydrothermal stages
  • References
  • 16
  • Application in metamorphic systems
  • 16.1 Metamorphic conditions, processes, and metamorphic fluids
  • 16.2 Preservation and/or re-equilibration of fluid inclusions in metamorphic systems
  • 16.3 Using fluid inclusions to help reconstruct P-T evolution of metamorphic systems
  • 16.4 Information on composition of metamorphic fluids from fluid inclusions
  • References
  • 17
  • Application in structural geology
  • 17.1 Interrelationships between structures and geofluids
  • 17.2 Fluid pressure fluctuation recorded by fluid inclusions as an indicator of structural processes
  • 17.3 Use of fluid inclusion planes to study fluid-structural relationships
  • 17.4 Use of deformation of fluid inclusions in structural study
  • References
  • 18
  • Other applications of fluid inclusions
  • 18.1 Constraints on paleoenvironments on Earth surface
  • 18.1.1 Use of fluid inclusions in evaporite minerals to estimate paleotemperatures
  • 18.1.2 Use of fluid inclusions in evaporite minerals to study seawater composition
  • 18.1.3 Use of fluid inclusions in evaporite minerals to estimate atmospheric O2 level
  • 18.1.4 Use of fluid inclusions in speleothems to estimate O and H isotopes of cave water and paleotemperature
  • 18.2 Information on life in terrestrial and extraterrestrial environments
  • 18.3 Cycling of volatiles in the framework of global tectonics
  • References
  • Index
  • Back Cover.