http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3 http://www.loc.gov/standards/mods/v3/mods-3-2.xsd
Fluid inclusions are samples of paleo-fluids entrapped in minerals and can provide indispensable information about the compositions of the fluids, and the temperature and pressure conditions of the host mineral formation.
Front Cover -- Fluid Inclusion Studies -- Fluid Inclusion Studies -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface -- A fluid inclusion speaks its mind -- References -- 1 -- Principles -- Part 1: Principles of fluid inclusion studies -- 1 -- Geofluids -- 1.1 Occurrences of geofluids -- 1.2 Types of geofluids -- 1.3 Characterization of geofluids and related geologic processes -- 1.3.1 Fluid pressure -- 1.3.2 Fluid temperature -- 1.3.3 Fluid density -- 1.3.4 Fluid composition -- 1.4 Fluid flow systems and driving forces -- References -- 2 -- Classification of fluid inclusions -- 2.1 Classification of fluid inclusions based on chemical composition -- 2.2 Classification of fluid inclusions based on phase assemblages at room temperature -- 2.3 Classification of fluid inclusions based on behavior of homogenization -- References -- 3 -- Genesis of fluid inclusions -- 3.1 Timing of fluid inclusion entrapment relative to the host mineral -- 3.2 Mechanisms of fluid inclusion entrapment -- 3.3 Postentrapment changes of fluid inclusions -- 3.4 Homogeneous versus heterogeneous entrapment -- References -- 4 -- Phase analysis -- 4.1 Systems, phases, and components -- 4.2 Equilibrium between phases -- 4.3 Some notes on metastability -- 4.4 The phase rule -- 4.5 Introduction to phase diagrams -- 4.5.1 One-component systems -- 4.5.2 Two-component systems -- 4.5.3 Three (or more) components -- 4.6 Principles of microthermometry -- 4.6.1 One-component system -- 4.6.2 Two-component system -- References -- 5 -- General principles and approaches of fluid inclusion study -- 5.1 Selection of fluid inclusions for study -- 5.2 Conditions for obtaining reliable PVTX information from fluid inclusions -- 5.3 Fluid inclusion assemblage concept -- 5.4 Practical approaches -- References -- 2 -- Methods -- Part 2: Methods of fluid inclusion studies -- 6 -- Sample selection and preparation.
6.1 Selection of samples for fluid inclusion studies -- 6.2 Preparation of sections for fluid inclusion study -- References -- 7 -- Fluid inclusion petrography -- 7.1 Determination of paragenetic position of targeted host minerals -- 7.2 Types of fluid inclusions and their descriptions -- 7.3 Modes of occurrence of fluid inclusions -- 7.4 Differentiating primary, pseudosecondary, and secondary fluid inclusions -- 7.5 Use and misuse of the fluid inclusion assemblage concept -- References -- 8 -- Microthermometry -- 8.1 Preparation and documentation of microthermometric data -- 8.2 Heating-freezing stage and calibration -- 8.3 Planning the heating and cooling runs -- 8.4 Measurement of phase change temperatures in cooling runs -- 8.4.1 Cooling runs of aqueous inclusions with no measurable nonaqueous volatiles -- Scenario 8.4.1a: Low-salinity aqueous inclusions -- Scenario 8.4.1 b: Intermediate-salinity aqueous inclusions with ice as the last-melting phase -- Scenario 8.4.1 c: High-salinity aqueous inclusions with hydrohalite as the last-melting phase -- 8.4.2 Cooling runs of aqueous inclusions containing measurable nonaqueous volatiles -- Scenario 8.4.2 a: Aqueous-carbonic fluid inclusions with visible carbonic fluid phases -- Scenario 8.4.2 b: Aqueous-carbonic fluid inclusions with no visible carbonic fluid phases but with measurable melting of cl ... -- 8.4.3 Cooling runs of fluid inclusions dominated by nonaqueous volatiles with no visible aqueous phase -- 8.5 Measurement of phase change temperatures in heating runs -- 8.6 The cycling and sequential freezing techniques -- 8.7 Metastability problems in microthermometry -- 8.7.1 Metastability related to incomplete freezing in cooling runs -- 8.7.2 Melting of hydrohalite at temperatures above the stability field -- 8.7.3 Melting of ice without the presence of the vapor phase.
8.7.4 Liquid-only fluid inclusions -- 8.8 Microthermometric study of fluid inclusions in some opaque minerals -- References -- 9 -- Melt inclusions -- 9.1 Philosophy of melt inclusion analysis -- 9.2 General features of melt inclusions -- 9.3 Microthermometry of melt inclusions -- 9.4 Chemical microanalysis of melt inclusions -- 9.5 Volatiles in melt inclusions -- References -- 10 -- Chemical analysis of fluid inclusions -- 10.1 Overview of analytical methods for fluid inclusions -- 10.2 Raman spectroscopy -- 10.2.1 Identification of chemical components or species in fluid inclusions -- 10.2.2 Quantification of gas species in gas mixtures -- 10.2.3 Quantification of gas species dissolved in the liquid phase -- 10.2.4 Determination of chlorinity in aqueous fluid inclusions -- 10.2.5 Determination of cations in aqueous fluid inclusions -- 10.2.6 Determination of fluid density and/or pressure of CO2-, CH4-, and N2-bearing inclusions -- 10.2.7 Minor components and isotopic analyses of fluid inclusions -- 10.3 LA-ICP-MS analysis of fluid inclusions -- 10.4 SEM-EDS analysis of decrepitates of individual fluid inclusions -- 10.5 Other single fluid inclusion analysis methods -- 10.5.1 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy -- 10.5.2 UV fluorescence spectroscopy -- 10.5.3 Synchrotron X-ray fluorescence (SXRF) analysis -- 10.5.4 Proton induced X-ray emission (PIXE) analysis -- 10.6 Bulk fluid inclusion analyses -- 10.6.1 Leachate analysis -- 10.6.2 Volatile analysis -- 10.6.3 H-O-C isotope analysis -- 10.6.4 Ar-Ar isotopic dating -- 10.6.5 Rb-Sr isotopic dating -- 10.6.6 Noble gas and halogen isotopes -- References -- 11 -- PVTX modeling -- 11.1 One-component systems -- 11.2 Two-component systems -- 11.2.1 H2O-NaCl -- 11.2.2 H2O-CO2 -- 11.3 Three-component systems -- 11.3.1 H2O-NaCl plus a second salt -- 11.3.2 H2O-CO2 plus a second gas -- 11.3.3 H2O-NaCl-CO2.
11.3.4 H2O-NaCl-CH4 -- 11.4 Four (or more) component systems -- References -- 12 -- Data presentation and interpretation -- 12.1 Tables showing microthermometric measurement and calculation results -- 12.2 Graphical presentations of the data and calculation results -- 12.3 Interpretation of P-T conditions, fluid states, and processes -- 12.3.1 Temperature estimation -- 12.3.2 Fluid pressure estimation -- 12.3.3 Depth estimation -- 12.3.4 Fluid immiscibility -- 12.3.5 Fluid mixing -- 12.3.6 Integrated geological interpretation -- References -- 3 -- Applications -- Part 3: Applications of fluid inclusions -- 13 -- Application in mineral deposits -- 13.1 Use of fluid inclusions to help determine mineral deposit types -- 13.2 Evaluation of fluid P-T-X conditions and evolution of mineralization systems -- 13.3 Key evidence for fluid immiscibility and fluid mixing -- 13.4 Supporting evidence for the sources of ore-forming fluids -- 13.5 Supporting evidence for the sources and transport of metals -- 13.6 Supporting evidence for fluid flow mechanisms related to mineralization -- 13.7 Application of fluid inclusions in mineral exploration -- 13.7.1 Reconnaissance study of fluid inclusions to help mineral exploration -- 13.7.2 Using fluid inclusion data to distinguish ore-forming and barren systems -- 13.7.3 Mapping of fluid inclusion data as a tool for mineral exploration -- References -- 14 -- Application in diagenesis and oil and gas deposits in sedimentary basins -- 14.1 Use of fluid inclusions to determine diagenetic environments -- 14.2 Use of fluid inclusions to constrain burial history of sedimentary basins -- 14.3 Use of fluid inclusions to study petroleum systems and their P-T conditions -- 14.4 Application of fluid inclusions in oil and gas exploration -- References -- 15 -- Application in magmatic systems -- 15.1 Melt generation.
15.2 Melt-melt and melt-fluid immiscibility -- 15.3 Melt mixing -- 15.4 Magma ascent, emplacement, and eruption -- 15.5 Transition from magmatic to hydrothermal stages -- References -- 16 -- Application in metamorphic systems -- 16.1 Metamorphic conditions, processes, and metamorphic fluids -- 16.2 Preservation and/or re-equilibration of fluid inclusions in metamorphic systems -- 16.3 Using fluid inclusions to help reconstruct P-T evolution of metamorphic systems -- 16.4 Information on composition of metamorphic fluids from fluid inclusions -- References -- 17 -- Application in structural geology -- 17.1 Interrelationships between structures and geofluids -- 17.2 Fluid pressure fluctuation recorded by fluid inclusions as an indicator of structural processes -- 17.3 Use of fluid inclusion planes to study fluid-structural relationships -- 17.4 Use of deformation of fluid inclusions in structural study -- References -- 18 -- Other applications of fluid inclusions -- 18.1 Constraints on paleoenvironments on Earth surface -- 18.1.1 Use of fluid inclusions in evaporite minerals to estimate paleotemperatures -- 18.1.2 Use of fluid inclusions in evaporite minerals to study seawater composition -- 18.1.3 Use of fluid inclusions in evaporite minerals to estimate atmospheric O2 level -- 18.1.4 Use of fluid inclusions in speleothems to estimate O and H isotopes of cave water and paleotemperature -- 18.2 Information on life in terrestrial and extraterrestrial environments -- 18.3 Cycling of volatiles in the framework of global tectonics -- References -- Index -- Back Cover.