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Bio-derived carbon nanostructures : fundamentals, synthesis and applications /

This book focuses on the study and development of bio-derived carbon materials, emphasizing their synthesis, applications, and challenges. It explores the historical evolution of carbon nanomaterials, the significance of bio-derived carbon, and the various methods used for their synthesis, such as p...

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Bibliographic Details
Corporate Author: ScienceDirect (Online service)
Other Authors: Bhanvase, Bharat A. (Editor), Barai, Divya P. (Editor)
Format: eBook
Language:English
Published: Amsterdam, Netherlands ; Cambridge, MA : Elsevier, [2024]
Subjects:
Nanostructured materials.
Carbon.
Nanomatériaux.
Carbone.
Electronic books.
Online Access:Connect to the full text of this electronic book
Table of Contents:
  • Front Cover
  • Bio-derived Carbon Nanostructures
  • Copyright Page
  • Contents
  • List of contributors
  • I Introduction to bio-derived carbon nanostructures
  • 1. Introduction to bio-derived carbon nanostructures
  • 1.1 Introduction
  • 1.1.1 Definition of bio-derived carbon nanostructures
  • 1.1.2 Importance and applications in nanotechnology
  • 1.1.3 Overview of chapter contents
  • 1.2 Historical perspectives
  • 1.2.1 Early discoveries and developments in carbon nanomaterials
  • 1.2.2 Evolution of bio-derived approaches
  • 1.3 Types of bio-derived carbon nanostructures
  • 1.3.1 Carbon nanotubes from biomass
  • 1.3.2 Graphene derived from biological sources
  • 1.4 Synthesis methods
  • 1.4.1 Pyrolysis and carbonization techniques
  • 1.4.2 Chemical vapor deposition approaches
  • 1.4.3 Biofabrication methods
  • 1.5 Applications
  • 1.5.1 Biomedical applications
  • 1.5.2 Environmental and energy-related applications
  • 1.6 Challenges and future directions
  • 1.6.1 Current challenges in bio-derived carbon nanostructure research
  • 1.6.2 Prospects for future development and innovation
  • 1.7 Conclusions
  • References
  • 2. Bio-based raw materials for preparation of carbon nanostructures
  • 2.1 Introduction
  • 2.2 Carbon-based materials and their properties
  • 2.2.1 Graphene
  • 2.2.2 Carbon nanotubes
  • 2.2.3 Fullerenes
  • 2.2.4 Quantum dots
  • 2.3 Challenges and drawbacks of existing graphene developments
  • 2.3.1 Transition to bio-based materials for synthesis of carbon-based materials
  • 2.3.2 Carbon-based nanomaterial obtained from bio-based and chemical resources
  • 2.4 Bio-derived carbon-based nanomaterials
  • 2.4.1 Synthesis and development of bio-derived carbon-based nanomaterials
  • 2.4.1.1 Microwave irradiation method
  • 2.4.1.2 Pyrolysis of biomass
  • 2.4.1.2.1 Steam pyrolysis
  • 2.4.1.2.2 Spray pyrolysis
  • 2.4.1.3 Hydrothermal carbonization.
  • 2.4.1.4 Ionothermal carbonization
  • 2.4.2 Classification of bio-based raw materials and selection of feedstock
  • 2.4.2.1 Lignin waste
  • 2.4.2.2 Oil palm
  • 2.4.2.3 Rice husk
  • 2.4.2.4 Plant material
  • 2.4.2.5 Animal waste
  • 2.5 Applications of bio-derived carbon material and composites
  • 2.5.1 Electrochemical sensor applications
  • 2.5.2 Energy storage applications
  • 2.5.3 Low-mass polymer composites
  • 2.5.4 Energy conversion devices
  • 2.6 Emerging opportunities and conclusions
  • References
  • 3. Role of structure of bio-based raw materials for their conversion to carbon nanostructures
  • 3.1 Introduction
  • 3.2 Bio-based raw materials: types and properties
  • 3.3 Properties of bio-based materials
  • 3.4 Relationship between raw materials structure and carbon nanostructures
  • 3.5 Effect of chemical composition on carbonization and nanostructure
  • 3.6 Influence of molecular structure on carbon nanostructure morphology
  • 3.7 Impact of impurities on carbon nanostructure quality
  • 3.8 Summary
  • References
  • 4. Zero-, one-, two-, and three-dimensional carbon nanostructures derived from bio-based material
  • 4.1 Introduction
  • 4.2 Overview of zero-, one-, two-, and three-dimensional carbon nanostructures
  • 4.3 Bio-derived zero-, one-, two-, and three-dimensional carbon nanostructures
  • 4.3.1 Zero-dimensional carbon nanostructures
  • 4.3.1.1 Carbon dots
  • 4.3.1.2 Graphene quantum dots
  • 4.3.2 One-dimensional carbon nanostructures
  • 4.3.2.1 Carbon nanotubes
  • 4.3.2.2 Carbon nanofibers
  • 4.3.3 Two-dimensional carbon nanostructures
  • 4.3.3.1 Carbon nanosheets
  • 4.3.4 Three-dimensional carbon nanostructures
  • 4.3.4.1 Carbon nanoflowers
  • 4.3.4.2 Carbon nanoonions
  • 4.4 Summary
  • References
  • II Preparation of bio-derived carbon nanostructures
  • 5. Fundamentals of conversion of bio-based material into carbon nanostructures.
  • 5.1 Introduction
  • 5.2 Biomass precursor
  • 5.2.1 Plant biomass
  • 5.2.1.1 Cellulose
  • 5.2.1.2 Hemicellulose
  • 5.2.1.3 Lignin
  • 5.2.1.4 Glucose
  • 5.2.2 Animal biomass
  • 5.2.2.1 Protein
  • 5.2.2.2 Chitin
  • 5.2.2.3 Chitosan
  • 5.3 Lignocellulosic biomass pretreatment
  • 5.3.1 Physical method
  • 5.3.1.1 Mechanical extrusion pretreatment
  • 5.3.1.2 Milling pretreatment
  • 5.3.1.3 Ultrasound-assisted pretreatment
  • 5.3.1.4 Microwave-assisted pretreatment
  • 5.3.2 Chemical pretreatment method
  • 5.3.2.1 Alkali pretreatment
  • 5.3.2.2 Acidic pretreatment
  • 5.4 Nanocarbon from different biomass
  • 5.4.1 Sugarcane waste
  • 5.4.2 Pineapple waste
  • 5.4.3 Rice husk
  • 5.4.4 Date palm
  • 5.4.5 Rubber seeds
  • 5.4.6 Coconut shells
  • 5.4.7 Orange peels
  • 5.5 Nanostructured biomass: an economic approach
  • 5.6 Conclusion and future prospective
  • References
  • 6. Preparation of bioderived carbon nanostructures by pyrolysis
  • 6.1 Introduction
  • 6.2 Overview of pyrolysis process
  • 6.2.1 Principle
  • 6.2.2 Working
  • 6.2.3 Construction
  • 6.2.4 Types
  • 6.2.4.1 Thermal pyrolysis
  • 6.2.4.2 Microwave-assisted pyrolysis
  • 6.2.4.3 Hydrothermal carbonization
  • 6.2.5 Effect of temperature and pressure on biomass pyrolysis
  • 6.3 Bio-derived carbon nanostructures
  • 6.3.1 Carbon nanostructures
  • 6.3.2 Preparation of carbon quantum dots by pyrolysis
  • 6.3.3 Preparation of carbon nanotubes by pyrolysis
  • 6.3.4 Preparation of carbon nanofibers by pyrolysis
  • 6.3.5 Preparation of carbon nanosheets by pyrolysis
  • 6.3.6 Effects of lignin content on the nanostructures
  • 6.4 Summary
  • References
  • 7. Preparation of bio-derived carbon nanostructures by chemical vapor deposition
  • 7.1 Introduction
  • 7.1.1 Chemical vapor deposition
  • 7.1.2 Laser ablation
  • 7.1.3 Pyrolysis
  • 7.2 Carbon from bio-based sources
  • 7.2.1 Combustion
  • 7.2.2 Calcination.
  • 7.2.3 Pyrolysis
  • 7.2.4 Carbonization
  • 7.3 Types of nanostructures
  • 7.3.1 Carbon nanotubes
  • 7.3.2 Carbon onion
  • 7.3.3 Graphene
  • 7.3.4 Fullerene
  • 7.3.5 Nanodiamond
  • 7.4 General methods of nanostructure synthesis
  • 7.4.1 Chemical vapor deposition
  • 7.4.2 Sol-gel synthesis
  • 7.4.3 Template synthesis
  • 7.5 Types of chemical vapor deposition
  • 7.5.1 Atmospheric chemical vapor deposition
  • 7.5.2 Low-pressure chemical vapor deposition
  • 7.5.3 Aerosol-assisted chemical vapor deposition
  • 7.5.4 Plasma-activated chemical vapor deposition
  • 7.5.5 Microwave-assisted chemical vapor deposition
  • 7.6 Parameters controlling the nanostructure formed by chemical vapor deposition
  • 7.6.1 Operation conditions
  • 7.6.2 Purification after chemical vapor deposition
  • 7.7 Methods for preparation of bio-derived carbon nanostructures
  • 7.7.1 Zero-dimensional nanostructures methodology
  • 7.7.2 Electrolysis
  • 7.8 Applications of bio-derived carbon nanostructures
  • 7.8.1 Carbon nanostructures for supercapacitors
  • 7.8.2 Fabrication approaches for flexible energy storage devices
  • 7.8.3 Biomass-to-syngas conversion
  • 7.8.4 Hydrogen storage
  • 7.8.5 Carbon-based nanomaterials for chemical and biological sensing applications
  • 7.9 Future perspective and challenges
  • 7.9.1 Challenges
  • 7.9.2 Chemical vapor deposition over other methods
  • 7.10 Summary
  • References
  • 8. Preparation of bio-derived carbon nanostructures by mechanical and physical activation
  • 8.1 Introduction
  • 8.2 Mechanical activation
  • 8.2.1 Process overview
  • 8.2.2 Bio-derived carbon nanostructure synthesis via mechanical activation
  • 8.3 Physical activation
  • 8.3.1 Process overview (principle, technique, mechanism)
  • 8.3.2 Bio-derived carbon nanostructure synthesis via physical activation
  • 8.4 Limitations of mechanical and physical activation methods
  • 8.5 Summary.