Advances in Clinical Chemistry. Volume 117.

Advances in Clinical Chemistry, Volume 117, the latest installment in this internationally acclaimed series, contains chapters authored by world-renowned clinical laboratory scientists, physicians and research scientists.

Bibliographic Details
Main Author:	Makowski, Gregory S.
Corporate Author:	ScienceDirect (Online service)
Format:	eBook
Language:	English
Published:	Elsevier 2023.
Edition:	1st ed.
Series:	Issn Series.
Subjects:	Clinical chemistry. Chemistry, Clinical Chimie clinique. Electronic books.
Online Access:	Connect to the full text of this electronic book

Table of Contents:

Front Cover
Advances in Clinical Chemistry
Copyright
Contents
Contributors
Preface
Chapter One: Viscoelastic Testing Methods
1 Introduction
2 Physiology of hemostasis in VET
2.1 Shear force modulus
3 History
4 Current methods
4.1 Pre-analytic considerations
4.2 Legacy platforms (TEG 5000, ROTEM Delta, ClotPro, Sonoclot)
4.3 Cartridge-based platforms (TEG 6S, ROTEM Sigma, Hemosonics Quantra)
4.4 Platelet function testing
4.5 Other VET technologies
5 Interpretation of VET results
5.1 Legacy parameters
5.2 Quantra
5.3 Common patterns
6 Clinical applications
6.1 Identification of hemostatic factor deficiencies/transfusion therapy
6.2 Monitoring of anticoagulation
6.3 Identification of hypercoagulable states
6.4 Detection of hyperfibrinolysis
6.5 Limitations
6.6 VETs vs CCTs
7 Practice settings
7.1 Trauma
7.2 Liver transplant surgery
7.3 Cardiac surgery
7.4 Obstetrics
7.5 Oncology
7.6 Benign hematology
8 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter Two: The role of sRAGE in cardiovascular diseasesThe role of sRAGE in cardiovascular diseases
1 Introduction
2 Atherosclerosis
2.1 Relationship between RAGE and atherosclerosis
2.2 Hypothesis
3 Coronary artery disease
3.1 Relationship between RAGE and coronary artery disease
3.2 Hypothesis
4 Heart failure
4.1 Relationship between RAGE and heart failure
4.2 Hypothesis
5 Conclusions
References
Chapter Three: Advances in preeclampsia testing
1 Introduction amp
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clinical definitions
1.1 Chronic (pre-existing) hypertension
1.2 Gestational hypertension
1.3 Preeclampsia-eclampsia
1.4 Chronic hypertension with superimposed preeclampsia
2 Characteristics of preeclampsia.
2.1 Pathophysiology and role of angiogenic factors in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia
2.1.1 Phase 1: Trophoblastic invasion and abnormal placentation
2.1.2 Phase 2: Maternal syndrome and angiogenic imbalance
2.2 Clinical manifestations and adverse outcomes
2.2.1 Hypertension
2.2.2 Renal dysfunction
2.2.3 Proteinuria
2.2.4 Neurologic abnormalities
2.2.5 Hepatic dysfunction
2.2.6 Hematologic dysfunction
2.2.7 Maternal risk factors
2.3 Management of preeclampsia
2.3.1 Treatment of preeclampsia
2.3.2 First trimester screening for preeclampsia
3 Clinical guideline recommendations and laboratory testing for preeclampsia screening
3.1 Preeclampsia diagnostic criteria
3.2 Maternal risk factors for preeclampsia
3.3 PlGF-based testing to screen for preeclampsia in the first trimester
3.4 PlGF-based testing to rule in and rule out preeclampsia in the second and third trimesters
4 Analytical and clinical perspectives on PlGF and sFlt-1 testing
4.1 Automated immunoassays for PlGF and sFlt-1 measurement
4.1.1 Elecsys PlGF and sFlt-1 assays
4.1.1.1 Analytical principle
4.1.1.2 Analytical performance and considerations
4.1.1.3 Clinical performance
4.1.2 DELFIA immunoassay systems
4.1.2.1 Analytical principle
4.1.2.2 Analytical performance and considerations
4.1.2.3 Clinical performance
4.1.3 KRYPTOR PlGF and sFlt-1 assay
4.1.3.1 Analytical principle
4.1.3.2 Analytical performance and considerations
4.1.3.3 Clinical performance
4.2 Point of care quantitative PlGF assay
4.2.1 Analytical principle
4.2.2 Analytical performance and considerations
4.2.3 Clinical performance
4.3 Analytical variations between assays on different platforms
4.3.1 PlGF and sFlt-1 assays may detect different isoforms
4.3.2 BRAHMS Kryptor vs Roche Elecsys.
4.3.3 BRAHMS Kryptor vs Roche Elecsys vs Perkin/Elmer DELFIA PlGF 1-2-3
5 Future research directions
6 Summary
Acknowledgment
References
Chapter Four: Immunohematological testing and transfusion management of the prenatal patientPrenatal testing and transfusion
1 Introduction
2 Red cell antigens and antibodies
3 Maternal red cell alloimmunization
4 Hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn
4.1 ABO antibodies
4.2 Anti-D antibodies
4.3 Anti-K antibodies
5 Routine immunohematological testing of the prenatal patient
5.1 Patient history
5.2 Sample
5.3 When to test
5.4 ABO and D typing
5.5 Antibody screen and antibody identification [54-56]
6 Testing for prenatal patients with significant red cell antibodies
6.1 Antibody titration
6.2 Paternal testing
6.3 Fetal antigen typing [58,59]
6.4 Assessment of FMH [63,64]
7 Preparing RBC units for fetal transfusions
7.1 Source
7.2 Age
7.3 Blood type
7.4 Phenotype match
7.5 Hemoglobin S
7.6 Anticoagulant/preservative solution
7.7 CMV risk-reduction
7.8 Volume and Hct
7.9 Timing of irradiation
7.10 Record-keeping
8 Immunohematological testing of the newborn [82-87]
8.1 ABO-Rh typing
8.2 DAT and eluate testing [91]
9 Pregnancy arising from assisted reproductive technology
10 Unresolved questions in prenatal immunohematology
10.1 Which common red cell antibodies may be disregarded during pregnancy?
10.2 Should the antibody screen be repeated in an uneventful pregnancy?
10.3 How should reagent cells for antibody titration be selected?
10.4 What is the critical titer for maternal anti-K?
10.5 How should prenatal patients with anti-M be managed?
10.6 Should RBC units for routine transfusion of women with child-bearing potential be K-negative?
11 Case studies.
11.1 Anti-D antibody:Immune or passive?
11.2 Anti-D plus anti-C, or anti-G antibody?
11.3 Antibody against a high-prevalence antigen: Anti-U antibody
11.4 Antibody against a low-prevalence antigen: Anti-Cw antibody
11.5 Autoantibodies
11.6 Nonspecific serological reactivity
12 Future prospects
References
Chapter Five: Lead poisoning: Clinical and laboratory considerations
1 Introduction and historical background
2 Clinical effects of lead exposure
2.1 Pathophysiology
2.1.1 Routes of exposure
2.1.2 Cellular mechanisms of lead toxicity
2.2 Clinical symptoms in adults
2.3 Clinical symptoms in children
2.4 Physical and laboratory findings in lead exposure
3 Lead screening
4 Methods for the detection of lead in the body
5 Summary
References
Chapter Six: Advances in clinical chemistry patient-based real-time quality control (PBRTQC)
1 Introduction
2 Quality control
2.1 Problems with conventional QC
3 Patient-based real-time quality control
3.1 The population(s)
3.2 Algorithm selection
3.3 Control limits
3.4 Treatment of outliers
4 PBRTQC techniques
4.1 Average of normals (AoN)
4.2 Moving average (MA)
5 Exponentially adjusted weighted moving mean (EAMM), trend (T)EAMM, and Bull's algorithm
5.1 Regression-adjusted real-time quality control (RARTQC)
5.2 Moving median
5.3 Moving quartile (MQ)
5.4 Moving standard deviation (MovSD)
5.5 Percentage of the reference interval outliers
5.6 The moving sum of the number of flagged patients results (MovSO)
5.7 Average of delta (AOD)
6 Statistical procedures and performance metrics
6.1 Transformations
6.1.1 Box-Cox transformation
6.2 Simulation methods
6.3 Simulated annealing algorithm
7 PBRTQC on multiple analyzers
8 Optimization techniques
9 Information technology and software.
10 Monitoring PBRTQC by technologists in a live environment
10.1 Applying PBRTQC concepts on conventional QC data
11 Validation and verification
12 Integration with practice and examples
13 Advantages and disadvantages
14 The future
15 Conclusion
References
Index
Back Cover.