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Medical modeling : the application of advanced design and additive manufacturing techniques in medicine /

Medical Modelling: The Application of Advanced Design and Rapid Prototyping Techniques in Medicine, Third Edition?provides readers with a thorough update of the core contents, along with key information on innovative imaging techniques, additive manufacturing technologies, and a range of applied cas...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Bibb, Richard (Author), Eggbeer, Dominic (Author), Paterson, Abby (Author), Mohammed, Mazher Iqbal (Author)
Corporate Author: ScienceDirect (Online service)
Format: eBook
Language:English
Published: Cambridge, MA : Woodhead Publishing, 2024.
Edition:Third edition.
Series:Woodhead Publishing Series in Biomaterials
Subjects:
Biomedical engineering.
Génie biomédical.
biomedical engineering.
Electronic books.
Online Access:Connect to the full text of this electronic book
Table of Contents:
  • Front Cover
  • Medical Modeling
  • Medical Modeling: THE APPLICATION OF ADVANCED DESIGN AND ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNIQUES IN MEDICINE
  • Copyright
  • Contents
  • About the authors
  • Preface
  • Acknowledgements
  • 1
  • Introduction
  • 1.1 Background
  • 1.2 The human form
  • 1.3 Basic anatomic terminology
  • 1.4 Technical terminology
  • 2
  • Medical imaging
  • 2.1 Introduction to medical imaging
  • 2.2 Computed tomography
  • 2.2.1 Background
  • 2.2.2 Partial pixel effect
  • 2.2.3 Anatomic coverage
  • 2.2.4 Slice thickness
  • 2.2.5 Gantry tilt
  • 2.2.6 Orientation
  • 2.2.7 Artifacts
  • 2.2.7.1 Movement
  • 2.2.7.2 X-ray image scatter by metal implants
  • 2.2.7.3 Noise
  • 2.2.8 Kernels
  • 2.3 Cone beam computed tomography
  • 2.3.1 Background
  • 2.3.2 Advantages
  • 2.3.2.1 Reduced radiation dose
  • 2.3.2.2 Voxel size-Resolution
  • 2.3.2.3 Ability to focus on small areas
  • 2.3.3 Limitations
  • 2.3.3.1 Artifact
  • 2.3.3.2 Field of view
  • 2.3.3.3 Inconsistency of grayscale values across the volume
  • 2.3.4 Applications
  • 2.4 Magnetic resonance
  • 2.4.1 Background
  • 2.4.2 Anatomic coverage
  • 2.4.3 Missing data
  • 2.4.4 Scan distance
  • 2.4.5 Orientation
  • 2.4.6 Image quality and protocol
  • 2.4.7 Artifacts
  • 2.4.7.1 Movement
  • 2.4.7.2 Shadowing by metal implants
  • 2.4.7.3 Noise
  • 2.5 Noncontact surface scanning
  • 2.5.1 Background
  • 2.5.2 Optical scanning technologies
  • 2.5.2.1 Structured light scanners
  • 2.5.2.2 Laser scanning
  • 2.5.2.3 Light detection and ranging (LiDAR)
  • 2.5.2.4 Photogrammetry and stereophotogrammetry
  • 2.5.2.5 Color capture
  • 2.5.3 Preparation and resources
  • 2.5.4 Optical scanning safety considerations
  • 2.5.5 Anatomic coverage
  • 2.5.6 Missing data
  • 2.5.7 Movement
  • 2.5.8 Noise
  • 2.5.9 Low-cost and open-source methods for surface capture
  • 2.6 Medical scan data
  • 2.6.1 DICOM
  • 2.6.2 Automatic import.
  • 2.6.3 Compression
  • 2.6.4 Manual import
  • 2.7 Point cloud data
  • 2.8 Media
  • 2.9 Summary
  • References
  • Further reading
  • 3
  • Working with medical scan data
  • 3.1 Image segmentation
  • 3.1.1 Thresholding
  • 3.1.2 Region growing
  • 3.1.3 Other techniques
  • 3.2 Using CT data: Worked examples
  • 3.2.1 Mimics worked example
  • 3.2.2 D2P worked example
  • 3.2.3 Itk-SNAP worked example
  • 3.3 Point cloud data operations
  • 3.3.1 Data clean up
  • 3.3.2 CAD data generation
  • 3.4 Two-dimensional formats
  • 3.5 Pseudo 3D formats
  • 3.5.1 IGES contours
  • 3.5.2 Slice file formats
  • 3.6 True 3D formats
  • 3.6.1 Polygon-faceted surfaces
  • 3.6.2 Finite element meshes
  • 3.6.3 Mesh optimization
  • 3.6.4 Mathematical curve based surfaces
  • 3.6.5 Subdivisional modeling
  • 3.6.6 Voxel modeling
  • 3.6.7 STL modeling
  • 3.7 File management and exchange
  • 3.7.1 STL
  • 3.7.2 OBJ
  • 3.7.3 VRML/X3D
  • 3.7.4 STEP
  • 3.7.5 IGES
  • 3.7.6 AMF/STL2.0
  • 3.7.7 3MF
  • 3.8 Summary
  • Acknowledgments
  • References
  • 4
  • Physical reproduction
  • 4.1 Introduction to additive manufacturing
  • 4.1.1 Introduction
  • 4.1.2 AM terminology
  • 4.1.3 Layer additive manufacturing
  • 4.1.4 Boundary compensation
  • 4.1.5 Data input
  • 4.1.6 Basic principles of medical modeling: orientation
  • 4.1.6.1 Build time and cost
  • 4.1.6.2 Surface finish and model quality
  • 4.1.6.3 Support
  • 4.1.6.4 Risk of build failure
  • 4.1.6.5 Data quality
  • 4.1.6.6 Illustrative example
  • 4.1.7 Basic principles of medical modeling: sectioning, separating, and joining
  • 4.1.7.1 Sectioning
  • 4.1.7.2 Separating
  • 4.1.7.3 Joining
  • 4.1.8 Basic principles of medical modeling: trapped volumes
  • 4.2 Vat polymerization
  • 4.2.1 Stereolithography
  • 4.2.1.1 Principle
  • 4.2.1.2 Detail
  • 4.2.2 Digital light processing
  • 4.2.2.1 Principle
  • 4.2.2.2 Detail
  • 4.2.3 Liquid crystal display.
  • 4.2.3.1 Principle
  • 4.2.3.2 Detail
  • 4.3 Material extrusion
  • 4.3.1 Principle
  • 4.3.2 Detail
  • 4.4 Powder bed fusion
  • 4.4.1 Laser sintering
  • 4.4.1.1 Principle
  • 4.4.1.2 Detail
  • 4.4.2 Laser melting
  • 4.4.3 Powder fusion by radiated heat
  • 4.5 Material jetting
  • 4.5.1 Principle
  • 4.5.2 Detail
  • 4.6 Computer numerical controlled machining
  • 4.7 Cleaning and sterilizing medical models
  • 4.7.1 Introduction
  • 4.7.2 Cleaning
  • 4.7.3 Sterilization
  • 4.8 Summary
  • Reference
  • 5
  • Case studies
  • 5.1 Introduction
  • 5.1
  • Implementation
  • 5.1
  • Implementation case study 1: Computed tomography guidelines for medical modeling using additive manufacturing ...
  • 5.1.1 Introduction
  • 5.1.2 CT guidelines for medical modeling
  • 5.1.2.1 Anatomical coverage
  • 5.1.2.2 Patient arrangement, positioning, and support
  • 5.1.2.3 CT parameters
  • 5.1.2.4 Slice thickness
  • 5.1.2.5 Gantry tilt
  • 5.1.2.6 X-ray scatter
  • 5.1.2.7 Noise
  • 5.1.2.8 Image reconstruction kernels
  • 5.1.2.9 Data transfer
  • 5.1.3 Conclusion
  • Acknowledgments
  • References
  • 5.2
  • Implementation case study 2: The evolving development of a collaborative service: Organizational, technical, ...
  • 5.2.1 Introduction
  • 5.2.2 The early years of collaboration-Establishing a joint medical modeling service
  • 5.2.3 Service evolution toward greater in-hospital capability
  • 5.2.4 Bringing greater design expertise and guide production capability in-hospital
  • 5.2.5 Evolving regulatory considerations
  • References
  • 5.3
  • Implementation case study 3: Medical additive manufacturing technologies: State of the art and current limita ...
  • 5.3.1 Introduction
  • 5.3.2 3D image acquisition and processing for MRP
  • 5.3.3 Rapid prototyping technologies
  • 5.3.3.1 Stereolithography
  • 5.3.3.2 Fused deposition modeling
  • 5.3.3.3 Computer-controlled milling.
  • 5.3.3.4 Other rapid prototyping technologies
  • 5.3.3.5 Discussion of MRP technologies
  • 5.3.4 Medical rapid prototyped model artifacts
  • 5.3.4.1 CT data import errors
  • 5.3.4.2 CT gantry tilt distortion
  • 5.3.4.3 Model stair-step artifact
  • 5.3.4.4 Irregular surface due to support structures
  • 5.3.4.5 Irregular surface due to mathematical modeling
  • 5.3.4.6 Metal artifact
  • 5.3.4.7 Movement artifact
  • 5.3.4.8 Image threshold artifact
  • 5.3.5 Conclusion
  • 5.3.5.1 Update
  • References
  • 5.2
  • Surgical applications
  • 5.4
  • Surgical application case study 1-Planning osseointegrated implants using computer-aided design and additive ...
  • 5.4.1 Introduction
  • 5.4.2 The proposed approach
  • 5.4.3 Scanning problems
  • 5.4.4 Software problems
  • 5.4.5 An illustrative case study
  • 5.4.6 Results
  • 5.4.7 Benefits and future development
  • 5.4.7.1 Update
  • References
  • 5.5
  • Surgical applications case study 2-Rapid manufacture of custom fitting surgical guides∗∗The work described in ...
  • 5.5.1 Introduction
  • 5.5.2 Methods
  • 5.5.2.1 Step 1: 3D CT scanning
  • 5.5.2.2 Step 2: Computer-aided surgical planning and design of the surgical guide
  • 5.5.2.3 Step 3: Rapid manufacture
  • 5.5.2.4 Step 4: Finishing
  • 5.5.3 Case study
  • 5.5.4 Results
  • 5.5.5 Discussion
  • 5.5.6 Conclusions
  • 5.5.6.1 Update
  • References
  • 5.6
  • Surgical application case study 3-The use of a reconstructed 3D solid model from CT to aid the surgical manag ...
  • 5.6.1 Introduction
  • 5.6.2 Materials and methods
  • 5.6.3 Postoperative management and follow up
  • 5.6.4 Discussion
  • References
  • 5.7
  • Surgical application case study 4-The custom-made titanium orbital floor prosthesis in reconstruction for orb ...
  • 5.7.1 Introduction
  • 5.7.2 Technique
  • 5.7.2.1 Imaging
  • 5.7.2.2 Model construction and stereolithography apparatus.
  • 5.7.2.3 Construction of the prosthesis
  • 5.7.3 Case report
  • 5.7.4 Conclusion
  • References
  • 5.8
  • Surgical application case study 5-The use of 3D technology in the multidisciplinary management of facial disp ...
  • 5.8.1 Introduction
  • 5.8.2 Materials and method
  • 5.8.3 Results
  • 5.8.4 Discussion
  • References
  • 5.9
  • Surgical applications case study 6-An appropriate approach to computer-aided design and manufacture of recons ...
  • 5.9.1 Introduction
  • 5.9.2 Case 1-Orbital rim augmentation implant
  • 5.9.2.1 Materials and methods
  • 5.9.2.1.1 Stage 1: 3D data acquisition and transfer
  • 5.9.2.1.2 Stage 2: Implant design
  • 5.9.2.1.3 Stage 3: Additive manufacture
  • 5.9.2.1.4 Stage 4: Fitting and surgery
  • 5.9.2.2 Results and conclusions from case 1
  • 5.9.3 Case 2-Orbital floor implant incorporating placement guide
  • 5.9.3.1 Materials and methods
  • 5.9.3.1.1 Stage 1: Data segmentation
  • 5.9.3.1.2 Stage 2: Defect reconstruction
  • 5.9.3.1.3 Stage 3: Implant and positioning guide design
  • 5.9.3.1.4 Stage 4: Implant and guide fabrication
  • 5.9.3.1.5 Stage 4: Fitting and surgery
  • 5.9.3.2 Results and conclusions from case 2
  • 5.9.4 Case study 3-Multipart reconstruction
  • 5.9.4.1 Materials and methods
  • 5.9.4.1.1 Stage 1: Data segmentation
  • 5.9.4.1.2 Stage 2: Defect reconstruction
  • 5.9.4.1.3 Stage 3: Implant design
  • 5.9.4.2 Results and conclusions from case 3
  • 5.9.5 Case 4-Posttraumatic zygomatic osteotomy and orbital floor reconstruction
  • 5.9.5.1 Materials and methods
  • 5.9.5.1.1 Stage 1: Data segmentation
  • 5.9.5.1.2 Stage 2: Surgical planning and device design
  • 5.9.5.1.3 Stage 3: Device fabrication
  • 5.9.5.1.4 Stage 4: Surgery
  • 5.9.5.2 Results and conclusions from case 4
  • References
  • 5.10
  • Surgical application case study 7-Computer-aided planning and additive manufacture for complex, mid-face ost.