Advances in Host Genetics and microbiome in lifestyle-related phenotypes /

"Advances in Host Genetics and Microbiome in Lifestyle-Related Phenotypes, Volume 111 explores the recent discoveries in the interaction between Host Genetics-Microbiome and lifestyle-related phenotypes regarding precision nutrition, physical activity, sports performance, circadian rhythm, slee...

Full description

Bibliographic Details
Corporate Author:	ScienceDirect (Online service)
Other Authors:	Martinez, Adrian Odriozola (Editor)
Format:	eBook
Language:	English
Published:	Cambridge, MA : Academic Press, 2024.
Series:	Advances in genetics ; v. 111.
Subjects:	Evolutionary genetics. Génétique évolutive. Electronic books.
Online Access:	Connect to the full text of this electronic book

Table of Contents:

Front Cover
Advances in Genetics
Copyright
Contents
Contributors
Chapter One: Techniques, procedures, and applications in host genetic analysis
1 Introduction
2 Techniques in genetic analysis
2.1 Polymerase chain reaction
2.1.1 Semiquantitative analysis
2.1.2 Quantitative analysis
2.1.2.1 Relative quantification
2.1.2.2 Absolute quantification
2.1.3 Practical recommendations
2.2 Microarray technology
2.2.1 Epigenetics
2.3 Next-generation sequencing
2.4 Gene-editing technologies
3 Laboratory procedures in genetic analysis
3.1 Sample collection and extraction of nucleic acids
3.2 Quantification and quality control measures
3.3 Data analysis and interpretation
3.3.1 Genotyping
3.3.2 Genome-wide association studies (GWAS)
3.3.3 Mendelian randomization
4 Applications of genetic analysis
4.1 Disease control and therapeutics
4.2 Pharmacogenomics and the 4 P framework
4.3 Ethical considerations in host genetic analysis
4.4 Future directions and emerging technologies
4.4.1 Artificial intelligence-powered genetics
4.5 Enhancing quality and transparency of research
5 Conclusions
References
Chapter Two: Techniques, procedures, and applications in microbiome analysisTechniques, procedures, and applications in microbiome analysis
1 Introduction
1.1 Key concepts
2 Microbiome sample types, preservation, and storage
3 Experimental techniques in microbiome research
4 Culture-dependent techniques in microbiome research
4.1 Culture techniques
4.2 Culturomics
4.3 Microfluidics assays
5 Culture-independent techniques in microbiome research
5.1 DNA extraction
5.2 16S rRNA gene
5.3 Amplification
5.4 Fingerprint techniques
5.4.1 Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and Temperature gradient gel electrophoresis (TGGE).
5.4.2 Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP)
5.4.3 Hybridization-based methods
5.4.3.1 Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH)
5.4.3.1.1 Microarrays
5.5 Sequencing
5.5.1 First-generation sequencing
5.5.2 Next-generation sequencing
5.5.3 Third-generation sequencing
5.6 Functional analysis of microbial communities
5.6.1 Metabolomics
5.6.2 Metatranscriptomics
5.6.3 Metaproteomics
5.7 Animal models in microbiome research
6 Bioinformatic analysis of microbiome data
7 Conclusions
References
Chapter Three: Human adaptations to diet: Biological and cultural coevolution
1 Introduction
2 Phenotypes
2.1 Alcohol susceptibility
2.1.1 Enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase
2.1.2 Enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase
2.1.3 Evolutionary aspects of alcohol susceptibility
2.2 Gluten intolerance
2.2.1 Why celiac disease maintenance?
2.3 Fatty acid desaturases
2.3.1 Signals of positive selection in FADS
2.3.2 Meat diets vs. vegetarian diets (FADS variants in inuit and Indian populations)
2.4 Lactose tolerance
2.4.1 Lactase persistence as one of the main examples of recent positive selection in human populations
3 Concluding remarks and future perspectives
References
Chapter Four: Impact of evolution on lifestyle in microbiome
1 Introduction
2 Coevolution of diet and human microbiota
2.1 Evolution of human diets
2.2 Evolution of human microbiota in response to diet
2.3 Diversification of dietary niches
2.4 Adaptation to seasonal changes in diet
2.5 Evolutionary history of the human microbiome
3 Effect of intestinal morphology on the evolution of the microbiota
4 Phylosymbiosis
5 Influence of the microbiota on host phenotypic expression
5.1 Host phenotypic plasticity
5.2 Host trait selection
6 Evolution of the intrahost microbiota.
6.1 Contextualization
6.2 Mechanisms of intrahost intestinal microbiota evolution
6.3 Strain-specific evolution of the intrahost gut microbiota
7 Mechanisms of transmission of the human microbiota
7.1 Contextualization
7.2 Intra- and inter-population transmission
7.3 Mother-offspring transmission
7.3.1 Microbial colonization during pregnancy
7.3.2 Microbial colonization in neonates
7.3.2.1 Maternal intestinal microbiota
7.3.2.2 Maternal vaginal microbiota
7.3.2.3 Breast milk microbiota
8 Effects of modern lifestyle on the microbiota
8.1 Sedentary lifestyles and physical activity
8.2 Stress management
8.3 Lack of sleep and circadian rhythm disturbances
8.4 Additives consumption
8.5 Medicines consumption
8.6 Recreational drug use
8.7 Exposure to environmental contaminants
8.8 Effects of place of residence
9 Limitations and future perspectives
10 Conclusions
References
Chapter Five: Host genetics and nutrition
1 Introduction to nutrition-related host genetics
2 The beginning of nutrigenetics: Phenylketonuria
3 Environmental and genetic factors for body weight regulation and obesity
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Genetic architecture of body weight regulation and obesity
3.2.1 The genetic architecture of monogenic obesity is focused on appetite regulation
3.2.2 The genetic architecture of polygenic obesity is focused on metabolic and nervous regulation
3.2.3 Cardiometabolically healthy obesity
3.2.4 The FTO gene and the tendency to obesity
4 Environmental and genetic factors for blood glucose regulation and diabetes
4.1 Genetic architecture of blood glucose regulation and diabetes
4.1.1 The TCFL2 gene and tendency to diabetes
4.1.2 Candidate gene studies on blood glucose regulation and diabetes.
4.1.3 Genome-wide association studies on blood glucose regulation and diabetes
4.1.4 The particular case of gestational diabetes and its potential prenatal effect
5 Appetite regulation
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Genetic architecture of appetite regulation in pathophysiology and normophysiology
6 Case study of a polymorphism associated with many nutrition-related phenotypes
6.1 Molecular mechanism
6.2 Obesity risk
6.3 Appetite regulation
6.4 Waist circumference
6.5 Lipolysis
6.6 Food preferences
6.7 Diabetes risk
6.8 Response to specific diets
7 Chrono-nutrition
7.1 Relationship between circadian cycle regulation and metabolism
7.2 Examples of interindividual variability linking chrono-nutrition, appetite and blood glucose regulation
7.2.1 Mtnr1b gene, blood glucose regulation and chrono-nutrition
7.2.2 Clock gene, appetite regulation and chrono-nutrition
8 Conclusions and future perspectives
References
Chapter Six: Microbiome-based precision nutrition: Prebiotics, probiotics and postbiotics
1 Nutrition, microbiota, intestinal permeability and inflammation
1.1 Intestine and intestinal permeability in a normophysiological context
1.2 Leaky gut and chronic inflammation in the pathophysiological context
1.3 Leaky gut, microbiome dysbiosis and precision Nutrition
1.4 Prebiotics, probiotics and postbiotics
2 History of the use of bacteria in medicine and nutrition
2.1 Evolution of probiotics and their definition
3 Traditional probiotics
3.1 Bifidobacterium
3.2 Lactobacillus
3.3 Bacillus
3.4 Enterococcus
3.5 Streptococcus thermophilus
3.6 Lactococcus lactis
4 New generation probiotics
4.1 Akkermansia muciniphila
4.2 Faecalibacterium prausnitzii
4.3 Eubacterium hallii/Anaerobutyricum hallii
4.4 Clostridium butyricum
5 Psychoactive probiotics.