Advanced ceramics for photocatalytic membranes : synthesis methods, characterization and performance analysis, and applications in water and wastewater treatment /

This book, 'Advanced Ceramics for Membranes,' provides a comprehensive overview of the synthesis methods, performance analysis, and applications of advanced ceramic membranes in water and wastewater treatment. It covers both physical and chemical approaches to membrane synthesis, including...

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Bibliographic Details
Corporate Author:	ScienceDirect (Online service)
Other Authors:	Othman, Mohd Hafiz Dzarfan
Format:	eBook
Language:	English
Published:	Amsterdam : Elsevier, 2024.
Series:	Elsevier series in advanced ceramics materials
Subjects:	Ceramic materials. Membranes (Technology) Matériaux céramiques. Membranes (Technologie) ceramic (material) Electronic books.
Online Access:	Connect to the full text of this electronic book

Table of Contents:

Front Cover
Advanced Ceramics for Photocatalytic Membranes
Copyright Page
Contents
List of Contributors
Preface
1 Introduction
1 A review of the current development of photocatalytic membrane research
List of abbreviations
1.1 Introduction
1.1.1 Inorganic-based photocatalytic membranes
1.1.1.1 Ceramic membrane classification
1.1.1.2 Additional functionalities of a ceramic photocatalytic membrane reactor
1.1.1.3 Limitations facing ceramic membranes
1.1.2 Polymeric-based photocatalytic membranes
1.1.2.1 Challenges facing polymeric photocatalytic membranes
1.1.3 Challenges facing photocatalysts
1.1.3.1 Doping
1.1.3.2 Surface sensitization
1.1.3.3 Construction of heterojunctions
1.1.3.4 Defect engineering
1.1.3.5 Increased electrocatalytic active sites
1.1.3.6 Micro/nanostructure
1.1.4 Photocatalytic membranes for environmental protection applications
1.1.4.1 Photocatalytic membrane performance against dyes
1.1.4.2 Photocatalytic membrane performance against pharmaceutical waste
1.2 Conclusions and future prospects
References
2 Modeling, simulation, and theory of the mass transfer mechanism of photocatalytic membrane reactor
List of symbols
List of abbreviations
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Formal analysis
2.2.1 Batch slurry photoreactor
2.2.1.1 Equation for photoreaction rate
2.2.1.2 Change of phenol concentration with time
2.2.2 Semibatch PMR
2.2.2.1 Evaluation of the membrane flux
2.2.2.2 Evaluation of phenol concentration in the permeate
2.2.2.3 Calculation of change in Vtot,Cphenol,f,Cp,voverall, and Cphenol,p with time
2.3 Discussion and evaluation
2.3.1 Batch slurry photoreactor
2.3.2 Semibatch system
2.3.3 Semibatch system without ultraviolet irradiation and without TiO2 nanoparticles
2.4 Conclusions
References.
2 Synthesis of photocatalytic membrane via physical approach
3 Blending technique
List of symbols
List of abbreviations
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Photocatalytic membranes
3.3 Blending technique for photocatalytic membrane fabrication
3.3.1 Phase inversion method
3.3.2 In situ polymerization
3.3.3 Electrospinning
3.4 Advantages and limitations of blending techniques
3.5 Conclusion
Acknowledgment
References
4 Sputtering technique
Key terms and definitions
List of symbols
List of abbreviations
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Fundamental of sputtering technique
4.2.1 Reactive sputtering
4.2.2 Co-sputtering
4.3 Types of sputter deposition
4.3.1 Magnetron sputtering technique
4.3.1.1 Direct current magnetron sputtering
4.3.1.2 Radio frequency magnetron sputtering
4.3.1.3 Pulsed direct current magnetron sputtering
4.3.1.4 High-power impulse magnetron sputtering
4.3.2 Ion beam sputter deposition
4.3.3 Electron beam deposition
4.3.4 Pulsed laser deposition
4.4 Impacts of sputter deposition of photocatalysts on membrane characteristics and performance
4.4.1 Ceramic photocatalytic membranes
4.4.2 Polymeric photocatalytic membranes
4.5 Conclusion
Acknowledgment
References
5 Dip coating technique
Nomenclature
List of symbols
List of abbreviations
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Mechanism and theories
5.2.1 Draining regime
5.2.2 Capillary regime
5.3 Sol-gel dip coating
5.4 Dip-coated photocatalytic membrane applications
5.4.1 Removal of pollutants in water
5.4.2 Heavy metal removal
5.4.3 Hydrogen production
5.4.4 Air purification and gas sensing
5.4.5 Inactivation of harmful microorganisms
5.5 Conclusion
Acknowledgment
References
6 Spray coating techniques for fabrication of photocatalytic membrane
List of symbols.
List of abbreviations
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Basic concept of spray coating technique
6.3 Spray coating techniques for photocatalytic membranes fabrication
6.3.1 Thermal spray coating
6.3.1.1 Plasma spray coating
6.3.1.2 Thermo-spraying method
6.3.2 Direct spraying method
6.3.3 Step-by-step spraying method
6.3.4 Spin-spraying method
6.3.5 Electro-spraying method
6.4 Comparison of various types of spraying methods
6.5 Conclusion
Acknowledgment
References
3 Synthesis of photocatalytic membrane via chemical approach
7 Grafting process on photocatalytic membrane
Nomenclature
List of symbols
List of abbreviations
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Grafting techniques
7.2.1 Photo-induced grafting method
7.2.2 Plasma grafting method
7.2.3 Radiation-induced grafting method
7.2.4 Thermal-induced grafting method
7.2.5 Atom transfer radical polymerization method
7.2.6 Ring-opening polymerization method
7.3 Grafted-photodegradation performance
7.4 Conclusion
Acknowledgment
References
8 Hydrothermal and solvothermal methods
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Principle and mechanism of hydrothermal and solvothermal method
8.2.1 Factors affecting the hydrothermal and solvothermal synthesis for photocatalytic application
8.2.1.1 Effect of hydrothermal duration
8.2.1.2 Effect of hydrothermal temperature
8.2.1.3 Effect of pH of the reaction medium
8.2.1.4 Effect of solvent
8.2.1.5 Effect of calcination temperature
8.3 Recent advances in hydrothermal and solvothermal-based polymer and ceramic membrane for photocatalytic application
8.3.1 Ceramic-based photocatalytic membrane
8.4 Challenges
8.5 Conclusion
References
9 Electroless deposition of zinc oxide for photocatalytic membrane
List of symbols
List of abbreviations
9.1 Introduction.
9.2 Preparation for electroless zinc oxide deposition
9.2.1 Surface preparation
9.2.1.1 Substrate cleaning and etching
9.2.1.2 Sn-Pd activation
9.2.1.2.1 Effect of tin (II) chloride and hydrochloric acid concentration
9.2.1.2.2 Effect of rinsing condition after sensitization
9.2.1.2.3 Effect of Palladium Chloride Concentration
9.2.2 Deposition process
9.2.2.1 Effect of zinc salt concentration
9.2.2.2 Effect of reducing agent concentration
9.2.2.3 Effect of deposition temperature
9.3 Impact of type of ZnO deposition on photocatalytic activity
9.4 Conclusion
Acknowledgement
References
4 Characterization and performance analysis of photocatalytic membrane
10 Morphological analysis of photocatalytic membrane (SEM, FESEM, TEM)
List of symbols
List of abbreviations
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Scanning electron microscopy analysis
10.3 Field emission electron microscopy analysis
10.4 Transmission electron microscopy analysis
10.4.1 Flat-sheet membrane
10.4.2 Nanofiber
10.4.3 Hollow fiber membrane
10.5 Conclusion
Acknowledgment
References
11 Physical analysis of photocatalytic membrane (AFM, contact angle, pore size, and porosity)
List of abbreviations
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Physical properties and hydrophilicity of the membranes
11.2.1 Roughness surface characteristics of membranes
11.2.1.1 Semiconductor materials for bulk modification of membranes
11.2.1.2 Semiconductor materials for membrane surface modification
11.2.2 Membrane surface hydrophilicity
11.2.3 Membrane porosity and pore size
11.3 Conclusions and future perspectives
References
12 Chemical analysis of photocatalytic membrane (FTIR, XRD, UV-vis/optical, XPS, and zeta potential)
List of symbols
List of abbreviations
12.1 Introduction.
12.2 Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy
12.2.1 Sample preparation methods
12.2.2 Measurement techniques
12.3 X-ray diffraction spectroscopy
12.4 Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy
12.5 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
12.6 Zeta potential
12.7 Challenges and future outlooks
Acknowledgment
References
13 Permeation performance analysis of advanced ceramic and polymeric-based photocatalytic membrane (flux and rejection)
List of abbreviations
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Photocatalytic membrane materials for water treatment
13.2.1 Photocatalysis and membrane technologies
13.2.2 Nanomaterial-based photocatalytic membrane performance
13.2.3 Polymeric versus ceramic photocatalytic membranes and their performance (flux and rejection)
13.3 Polymeric photocatalytic hybrid membranes and their permeation performance
13.3.1 Photocatalytic polymer membranes based on TiO2
13.3.2 TiO2 modification
13.4 Ceramic photocatalytic hybrid membranes and their permeation performance
13.4.1 Ceramic photocatalytic membranes
13.4.2 Nanomaterial-based ceramic photocatalytic membranes
13.4.3 Photocatalysts supported in ceramic materials
13.4.3.1 TiO2-photocatalysts supported in ceramic materials
13.4.3.2 TiO2 modification
13.4.4 Microstructure and pure water flux for photocatalytic ceramic membranes
13.4.5 Dual-layered hollow fiber membranes
13.5 Conclusions and perspectives
References
14 Photodegradation performance of photocatalytic membrane
Key terms and definitions
List of symbols
List of abbreviations
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Effect of light
14.2.1 Natural light sources
14.2.2 Artificial light sources
14.2.3 Light intensity
14.3 Effect of photocatalyst dosage
14.4 Effect of the concentration of substrate
14.5 Effect of pH and temperature.