Plant biomass applications : materials, modification and characterization /

Plant Biomass Application: Materials, Modification and Characterization focuses on the unique properties associated with plant biomass, from their biodegradable, non toxic, and safe for handling characteristics to their potential in developing sustainable, climate protecting products.

Bibliographic Details
Corporate Author:	ScienceDirect (Online service)
Other Authors:	Jawaid, Mohammad
Format:	eBook
Language:	English
Published:	London : Academic Press, 2024.
Subjects:	Plant biomass. Biomass energy. Biomasse végétale. Bioénergie. Electronic books.
Online Access:	Connect to the full text of this electronic book

Table of Contents:

Front Cover
Plant Biomass Applications
Copyright Page
Dedication
Contents
List of contributors
About the editors
1 Plant biomass-based materials: an overview
1.1 Introduction
1.2 History and development of plant biomass-based material
1.3 Biomass structure and chemistry
1.4 Different sources of plant biomass
1.5 Various types of plant biomass-based materials
1.5.1 Biodiesel fuel
1.5.2 Bioethanol
1.5.3 Nonfood-based bioethanol
1.6 The energy potential of plant biomass
1.7 Biomass-based nanomaterials
1.7.1 Carbon nanomaterial
1.8 Biomass-based supercapacitors
1.9 Potential application of plant-based biomass
1.10 Conclusion
References
2 Origin, preparation, and processing of plant biomass materials
2.1 Biomass
2.2 Origin of plant biomass materials
2.3 Preparation and processing of plant biomass materials
2.4 Activation approaches
2.5 Physical activation
2.6 Chemical activation
2.7 Biological activation
2.8 Advanced activation
2.9 Thermochemical conversion
2.10 Hydrothermal carbonization
2.11 Template-directed carbonization
2.12 Direct carbonization or pyrolysis
2.13 Gasification
2.14 Torrefaction
2.15 Biochemical conversion
2.16 Transesterification
2.17 Heterogeneous catalyst derived from plant biomass for biodiesel production
2.18 Conclusion
Acknowledgment
References
3 Cold plasma modification techniques on plant biomass nanomaterials
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Materials and methods
3.2.1 Materials
3.2.2 Nano-paper production
3.2.3 Cold plasma modification
3.2.4 Scanning electron microscope
3.2.5 Physical properties
3.2.5.1 Thickness measurement
3.2.5.2 Density
3.2.5.3 Water vapor permeability
3.2.5.4 Water content
3.2.5.5 Water solubility
3.2.5.6 Papers' surface color measurement.
3.2.5.7 Light transmission and transparency
3.2.6 Mechanical properties
3.2.7 Statistical analysis
3.2.8 Theory
3.3 Results and discussions
3.3.1 Scanning electron microscope
3.3.2 Thickness
3.3.3 Weight
3.3.4 Density
3.3.5 Color
3.3.6 Water vapor permeability
3.3.7 Solubility in water
3.3.8 Light transmission and transparency
3.3.9 Mechanical properties
3.3.9.1 Stress
3.3.9.2 Strain
3.3.9.3 Elastic modulus
3.3.9.4 Tensile strength
3.4 Conclusion
3.5 Summary
References
4 A review of the utilization of biomass-based materials in food packaging
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Biomass-based materials for food packaging
4.2.1 First generation
4.2.2 Second generation
4.2.3 Third generation
4.2.4 Polymers derived straight from biomass
4.2.4.1 Cellulose
4.2.4.2 Hemicellulose
4.2.4.3 Lignin
4.2.4.4 Chitin
4.2.4.5 Protein
4.2.4.6 Pectin
4.2.4.7 Starch
4.2.5 Fibers derived from biomass
4.2.5.1 Cellulose fibers
4.2.5.2 Fiber composites
4.2.6 Biomass-based nanoparticles
4.2.7 Biomass-based intelligent food packaging
4.3 Conclusion
References
5 Green biorefinery for residual biomass from agriculture
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Residual plant biomasses
5.3 Biorefinery concept
5.3.1 Thermochemical conversion processes
5.3.2 Biochemical conversion processes
5.3.3 Chemical conversion processes
5.3.4 Physical conversion processes
5.4 Approaches of green biorefinery
5.4.1 Natural bioactive compounds
5.4.2 Biofuel
5.4.2.1 Bioethanol
5.4.2.2 Biogas
5.4.3 Functional biological component
5.4.3.1 Biosorbent
5.4.3.2 Biochar
5.4.4 Soil amendments
5.5 Environmental sustainability and future thrust
5.6 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References.
6 Exploring the potential of plant biomass materials: a comprehensive analysis of industrial applications and implications
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Types of plant biomass
6.2.1 Woody biomass
6.2.2 Nonwoody biomass
6.2.3 Advantages of biomass as a fuel
6.2.4 Cellulose
6.2.5 Hemicelluloses
6.2.6 Lignin
6.2.7 Biochar in energy production
6.2.8 Production efficiency
6.2.9 Biofuels
6.2.10 Biofuel crops
6.2.11 Corn biofuel source
6.2.12 Sugar cane biofuel source
6.2.13 Palm oil biofuel source
6.2.14 Jatropha biofuel source
6.2.15 Soybean plants source
6.2.16 Switchgrass biofuel source
6.3 Modification of plant and plant products for biofuel production
6.3.1 Bioethanol
6.3.1.1 Cellulosic ethanol production
6.3.2 Genetically modified plant
6.3.3 Plants produce hydrolysis enzymes
6.3.4 Increasing the biomass of cellulosic plants
6.3.5 Expanding the total biomass
6.3.6 Reducing the requirement for pretreatment
6.3.7 Biodiesel
6.4 Conclusions
References
7 Plant biomass materials in cosmetic application
List of abbreviations
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Plant biomass used in cosmetics
7.2.1 Coffee
7.2.2 Olea europaea
7.2.3 Common spruce (Picea abies L.)
7.2.4 Cocoa (Theobroma cacao)
7.2.5 Glycerin
7.2.6 Ricinus communis
7.2.7 Aloe vera
7.2.8 Mangifera indica
7.2.9 Tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze)
7.2.10 Citrus fruits
7.2.10.1 Citrus peel
7.2.10.2 Citrus seeds
7.2.11 Azadirachta indica (Neem plant)
7.2.12 Sandalwood (Santalum album Linn.)
7.2.13 Simmondsia chinensis (jojoba plant)
7.2.14 Turmeric plant (Curcuma longa L.)
7.2.15 Ginkgo biloba
7.2.16 Henna plant (Lawsonia inermis linn)
7.2.17 Lavandula
7.2.18 Chamomile
7.2.19 Indian gooseberry
7.3 Conclusion
References.
8 Plant biomass material in engineering application
8.1 Introduction
8.1.1 Biomass overview
8.1.2 Biomass classification
8.1.2.1 Cellulose
8.1.2.2 Hemicellulose
8.1.2.3 Lignin
8.2 Biomass conversion to biofuel
8.2.1 Biofuel generations
8.2.1.1 1st generation biofuels
8.2.1.2 2nd generation biofuels
8.2.1.3 3rd generation biofuels
8.2.1.4 4th generation biofuels
8.2.2 Biomass conversion routes
8.2.2.1 Biochemical conversion
8.2.2.2 Thermochemical conversion
8.2.2.3 Physicochemical conversion
8.3 Plant biomass for energy storage
8.3.1 Petroleum/green diesel storage
8.3.2 Biodiesel storage
8.3.3 Green hydrogen storage
8.3.3.1 Physical storage of hydrogen
8.3.3.2 Chemical storage of hydrogen
8.3.4 Methane/biomethane storage
8.3.4.1 Conventional storage
8.3.4.2 Advance storage technology
8.3.4.2.1 Activated carbons
8.3.4.2.2 Zeolite
8.3.4.2.3 Metal-organic frameworks
8.3.4.2.4 Porous organic polymers
8.3.5 Fuel cells
8.3.5.1 Solid oxide fuel cell
8.3.5.2 Polymer electrolyte fuel cells
8.3.5.3 Microbial fuel cell
8.4 Conclusion and future prospect
Acknowledgment
References
9 Plant biomass materials in agriculture application
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Literature survey
9.3 Classification of organic manures
9.3.1 Farm yard manure
9.3.2 Crop residues
9.3.2.1 Field residues
9.3.2.2 Process residues
9.3.3 Green manures
9.3.3.1 Green leaf manure
9.3.4 Compost
9.3.5 Home compost
9.3.6 Concentrated organic manures
9.3.6.1 Aquatic weeds
9.3.6.1.1 Aquatic weeds as a source of energy
9.3.6.1.2 Aquatic weeds as organic manures
9.3.6.2 Oilcakes
9.3.6.2.1 Cattle, pig, and poultry manures
9.3.6.2.2 Poultry
*Litter grown
*Cage grown
*Meat meal
*Bloodmeal
*Fishmeal
*Horn and hoofmeal.
9.4 Promotion of organic manures in India
9.5 Conclusion
References
10 Fundamentals and potentials of biomass-derived materials for sustainable issues
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Production and properties of biomass-derived materials
10.3 Categorizing generations of plant feedstocks
10.4 Nanoparticles made from pyrolyzed biomass
10.4.1 Impact on the movement of the pollutant
10.5 Photosynthetically substances from crops
10.6 Biofuel conversion techniques route from biomass
10.7 Biofuel's sustainability effect
10.8 Socioeconomic consideration
10.9 Ecological considerations
10.10 Conclusions and recommendations for future research
References
11 Plant biomass materials in water treatment applications
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Water pollutants
11.2.1 Heavy metals
11.2.2 Synthetic dyes
11.2.3 Emerging contaminants
11.2.4 Adsorption versus conventional methods
11.2.5 Plant-based adsorbents preparation
11.2.6 Raw biosorbents
11.2.7 Chemically modified plant biomass
11.2.8 Biochars and activated carbons
11.2.9 Cellulose and lignin, biocomposites, and more
11.2.10 Application of plant-based adsorbents in water pollutant removal
11.3 Conclusion
References
12 Plant biomass materials in petrochemical application
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Overview of the petrochemical industry and current challenges
12.2.1 Significance of the petrochemical industry
12.2.2 Environmental and economic challenges
12.2.2.1 Greenhouse gas emissions and climate change
12.2.2.2 Resource depletion and energy security
12.2.2.3 Plastic pollution and waste management
12.2.2.4 Shift in consumer preferences and corporate responsibility
12.2.3 The need for alternative feedstocks
12.3 Plant biomass as a renewable feedstock for petrochemicals
12.3.1 Types of plant biomass materials.