http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3 http://www.loc.gov/standards/mods/v3/mods-3-2.xsd
In plastics technology, a wide variety of computer programs are used for the design and optimization of molded plastic parts and for mold design. This book is intended to expand readers' specialist knowledge in the field of simulation, thereby increasing their ability to recognize and avoid molding errors at an early stage.
Intro -- Contents -- Preface -- Foreword -- The Author -- 1 Basics of Injection Molding -- 1.1 Components of an Injection Molding Machine -- 1.2 The Injection Molding Cycle -- 1.3 The Injection Mold -- 1.4 The Phases of Injection Molding -- Forming the Molded Part -- 1.4.1 Injection Phase -- 1.4.2 Compression Phase -- 1.4.3 Holding Pressure Phase -- 1.4.4 Cooling Phase -- 1.5 Molded Part Faults -- 1.5.1 Gloss Differences -- 1.5.2 Knit Lines -- 1.5.3 Deformation -- 1.5.4 Warping -- 1.5.5 Diesel Effect (Burners) -- 1.5.6 Mold Coating (Deposits) -- 1.5.7 Black Specks -- 1.5.8 Ejector Marks
1.5.9 Burn Streaks -- 1.5.10 Sink Marks -- 1.5.11 Record Grooves (Cold Meld Lines) -- 1.5.12 Incomplete Filling of the Mold -- 1.5.13 Color Streaks -- 1.5.14 Glass Fiber Streaks -- 1.5.15 Moisture Streaks -- 1.5.16 Delamination -- 1.5.17 Tiger Stripes -- 1.5.18 Formation of Stress Cracks, Micro Cracks -- 1.5.19 Jetting -- 1.5.20 Voids -- 1.5.21 Ridges and Flash -- 1.5.22 Air Pockets -- 1.5.23 Cold Plug -- 1.5.24 Dull Spots near Gates or behind Cross-Section Transitions -- 1.5.25 Unusual Smell -- 1.6 Injection Molding Simulation -- 1.6.1 Simulation Calculation -- Typical Methods
2 Rheological Basics -- 3 Introduction to Simulation Technology -- 3.1 Basics of Simplified Injection Molding Simulation -- 3.2 Basics of Extended Injection Molding Simulation -- 3.2.1 Uncertainties Regarding the Simulation Results -- 4 Mathematical Basics -- 4.1 Calculation Phase of Injection Molding Simulation -- 4.2 Calculation Variations -- 4.2.1 Finite-Difference Method (FDM) -- 4.2.2 Finite-Volume Method (FVM) -- 4.2.3 Finite-Element Method (FEM) -- 5 Types of Meshing, Errors in Meshing and Meshing Quality -- 5.1 Types of Finite Elements -- 5.1.1 Moldflow Meshing
5.1.1.1 Midplane (2D) Meshing -- 5.1.1.2 Dual Domain (2.5D) Meshing -- 5.1.1.3 Three-Dimensional (3D) Meshing -- 5.1.2 Difference Between 2.5D and 3D Calculation -- 5.1.3 Types of Moldex3D Meshing -- 5.1.4 Types of Cadmould Meshing -- 5.1.4.1 Cadmould 3D-F Meshing -- 5.1.4.2 Cadmould 3D-V Meshing -- 5.2 Impact of Meshing on Simulation Results -- 5.3 Possible Mesh Errors -- 5.3.1 Free Edges -- 5.3.2 Overlapping -- 5.3.3 Intersections -- 5.3.4 Aspect Ratio -- 5.4 Evaluation of the Meshing Quality -- 6 Material Cards in Simulation Programs -- 6.1 Setup and Process Data
6.2 Rheological Material Card -- 6.3 Thermal Material Card -- 6.4 Thermodynamic Material Properties -- pvT Diagram -- 6.5 Mechanical Properties -- 6.6 Creating a Material Card -- 7 Easy Basic Exercises for Simulating Injection Processes -- 7.1 Comparison of Sprue Systems in Terms of Pressure Requirement -- 7.2 Flow-Path/Wall-Thickness Diagram -- 7.3 Calculating the Optimal Process Window during Injection -- 7.4 Sheet with Breakthrough -- Filling Behavior -- 7.5 Sheet with Transverse Flow Stream toward the Rib -- 7.6 Sheet with Two Flow Directions and One-Sided Thin Spot