Air conditioning with natural energy : applications, case studies, and energy savings potential /
This book, edited by Xianting Li and Xinhua Xu, explores the use of natural energy in air conditioning systems. It covers a wide range of topics including enhanced treatment technologies for outdoor air, pipe-embedded wall and window systems, and the application of nocturnal cooling walls. The book...
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| Format: | eBook |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Amsterdam :
Elsevier,
2024.
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Connect to the full text of this electronic book |
Table of Contents:
- Front Cover
- Air Conditioning with Natural Energy
- Copyright Page
- Contents
- List of contributors
- Preface
- Part I
- 1 Introduction
- 1.1 Background
- 1.2 Basic thermal process of building
- 1.3 Cooling load and plant load
- 1.4 Analysis of energy demand and natural energy resources
- 1.5 Application forms and the natural energy of concern
- 1.6 Development history of air conditioning with natural energy
- 1.7 Main content
- References
- 2 Enhanced treatment technologies for outdoor air
- 2.1 Evaporative cooling
- 2.1.1 Fundamental categories of evaporative cooling
- 2.1.1.1 Direct evaporative cooling
- 2.1.1.2 Indirect evaporative cooling
- 2.1.1.2.1 Plate, tubular and heat pipe type IEC
- 2.1.1.2.2 Dew point IEC
- 2.1.1.3 Semiindirect evaporative cooling
- 2.1.2 Heat and mass transfer analysis
- 2.1.2.1 Direct evaporative cooling
- 2.1.2.2 Indirect evaporative cooling
- 2.1.2.2.1 Plate type IEC
- 2.1.2.2.2 Tubular type IEC
- 2.1.3 Common evaporative cooling air conditioning systems
- 2.2 Direct heat exchange with ground soil
- 2.2.1 Underground air tunnel system
- 2.2.2 Earth-to-air heat exchanger system
- 2.3 Pretreatment with shallow geothermal energy
- 2.3.1 Principle of fresh air prehandling system
- 2.3.2 Simulation method and evaluation index
- 2.3.2.1 Characteristics of the standard all-air system
- 2.3.2.2 Simulation models
- 2.3.2.3 Simulation methods
- 2.3.2.4 Evaluation index
- 2.3.3 Analysis of the performance of the system
- 2.3.3.1 The operating periods of the proposed system
- 2.3.3.2 The thermal transfer characteristics of the proposed system
- 2.3.3.3 Annual performance evaluation of the proposed system
- 2.3.3.4 Economic evaluations
- 2.4 Summary
- References
- 3 Pipe-embedded wall systems
- 3.1 Introduction
- 3.2 Description of pipe-embedded wall systems.
- 3.3 Theoretical frequency-domain model
- 3.3.1 Theoretical frequency-domain models
- 3.3.2 Representation of temperature in finite-difference frequency-domain model
- 3.3.3 Representation of temperature in finite-element frequency-domain model
- 3.3.4 Characteristic disturbances
- 3.3.5 Frequency thermal characteristics of a typical pipe-embedded wall
- 3.4 Simplified thermal model of the wall body and parameter identification
- 3.4.1 Description of the simplified thermal model
- 3.4.2 Principle of parameter identification
- 3.4.3 A case study
- 3.5 Model of the pipe-embedded wall system and validation
- 3.5.1 Description of the semidynamic model
- 3.5.2 Experiments
- 3.5.3 Model validation
- 3.6 Steady performance evaluation method of the pipe-embedded wall
- 3.6.1 The steady equivalent thermal network model
- 3.6.2 Heat transfer performance evaluation index
- 3.6.3 Case study
- 3.7 Summary
- References
- 4 A nocturnal cooling wall system
- 4.1 Principle of nocturnal radiation cooling
- 4.2 Description of the nocturnal cooling wall system
- 4.3 Simplified model of the PenPCM and validation
- 4.3.1 Simplified PCM model with variable thermal capacitances and thermal resistances
- 4.3.2 Principle of parameter identification
- 4.3.3 Experiments
- 4.3.4 Model validation
- 4.4 Coupling model of the nocturnal cooling wall system
- 4.4.1 Nocturnal radiative cooling model
- 4.4.2 Gravity heat pipe model
- 4.4.3 The coupling model and solution
- 4.4.4 Experiment setup
- 4.4.5 Model validation
- 4.5 Thermal performance evaluation of a typical room with the nocturnal cooling wall system
- 4.5.1 Description of the room with the nocturnal cooling wall system
- 4.5.2 Simulation platform
- 4.5.3 Boundary conditions
- 4.5.4 Results and analysis
- 4.5.4.1 Comparative analysis in the typical day.
- 4.5.4.2 Comparison and analysis of the cooling season
- 4.6 Steady performance evaluation of the nocturnal cooling wall system
- 4.6.1 The steady equivalent thermal network model
- 4.6.2 Heat transfer performance evaluation index
- 4.6.3 Case study
- 4.7 Summary
- References
- 5 The pipe-embedded window
- 5.1 Description of the pipe-embedded window system
- 5.2 Numerical simulation of the pipe-embedded window
- 5.2.1 Simulation method of the pipe-embedded window
- 5.2.1.1 Physical model
- 5.2.1.2 Mathematical models and numerical methods
- 5.2.2 Validation of simulation methods
- 5.2.2.1 Grid independence test
- 5.2.2.2 Validation by experimental results
- 5.2.3 Heat transfer analysis of pipe-embedded window in summer
- 5.2.3.1 Heat transfer process analysis
- 5.2.3.2 The impact of glass configuration
- 5.2.4 Heat transfer analysis of pipe-embedded window in winter
- 5.3 Thermal network model of the pipe-embedded window
- 5.3.1 Analysis of heat transfer process of pipe-embedded window
- 5.3.2 Heat transfer network model for pipe-embedded window
- 5.3.3 Calculation of convective heat for pipe-embedded window
- 5.3.4 Analysis of solar radiation heat gain from pipe-embedded window
- 5.4 Performance evaluation method of the pipe-embedded window
- 5.4.1 Heat transfer analysis for pipe-embedded window in nonuniform environments
- 5.4.2 Analysis of indoor heat gain law of pipe-embedded window
- 5.4.3 Heat transfer analysis of pipe-embedded window
- 5.4.4 Model verification
- 5.5 Comfort test of the pipe-embedded window
- 5.5.1 Thermal environment analysis
- 5.5.2 Indicators for thermal manikin
- 5.6 Applicability of the pipe-embedded window in different regions
- 5.6.1 Seasonal effects of pipe-embedded window during the cooling season
- 5.6.1.1 Application effects in a typical city.
- 5.6.1.2 Application effects in different directions
- 5.6.2 Heating seasonal energy consumption analysis of pipe-embedded window
- 5.7 Summary
- References
- 6 Revised degree hours
- 6.1 Degree hour method
- 6.2 Revised degree hour method
- 6.2.1 General expression of revised degree hour
- 6.2.2 Rationality of revised degree hour
- 6.2.3 Simplified expression of revised degree hour
- 6.2.3.1 Simplified coefficient of performance
- 6.2.3.2 Simplified natural energy temperature
- 6.2.3.3 Simplified base temperature
- 6.2.3.4 Validation of the simplified revised degree hour method
- 6.3 Relationship between revised degree hour and energy savings
- 6.3.1 Classification of natural energy utilization systems
- 6.3.2 Natural energy use in the indoor space
- 6.3.3 Natural energy use in the envelope
- 6.3.4 Natural energy use in the fresh air handling unit
- 6.4 Applications of revised degree hour
- 6.4.1 Choice of natural energy utilization forms in various climate regions
- 6.4.2 Choice of the application location of natural energy
- 6.4.3 Choice of suitable natural energy sources
- 6.5 Summary
- References
- 7 Application potential of natural energy
- 7.1 Introduction
- 7.2 Application potential estimation method and validation
- 7.2.1 Method description
- 7.2.2 Estimation method validation
- 7.2.2.1 Pipe-embedded wall-ground-source heat exchanger system
- 7.2.2.2 Pipe-embedded wall-radiative sky cooler system
- 7.3 Application potential of pipe-embedded wall with ground-source heat exchangers
- 7.3.1 System description
- 7.3.2 Typical pipe-embedded wall and boundary conditions
- 7.3.3 Analysis of the energy-saving potential
- 7.4 Application potential of pipe-embedded wall with radiative sky coolers
- 7.4.1 System description
- 7.4.2 Temperature of the cold water provided by radiative sky cooler.
- 7.4.3 Analysis of the energy-saving potential
- 7.5 Application potential of pipe-embedded window with cooling towers
- 7.5.1 System description
- 7.5.2 Analysis of the energy-saving potential
- 7.6 Application potential of fresh air handling with ground-source heat exchangers
- 7.6.1 System description
- 7.6.2 Analysis of the energy-saving potential
- 7.7 Contribution of air conditioning with natural energy sources in different climate regions
- 7.7.1 Effect analysis of five climate regions in China
- 7.7.1.1 Effect analysis of pipe-embedded wallwith ground-source heat exchangers in the cooling season
- 7.7.1.2 Effect analysis of pipe-embedded wallwith ground-source heat exchangers in the heating season
- 7.7.1.3 Effect analysis of pipe-embedded wall with radiative sky coolers in the cooling season
- 7.7.1.4 Effect analysis of pipe-embedded wall with cooling towers in the cooling season
- 7.7.1.5 Effect analysis of pipe-embedded window with ground-source heat exchangers in the cooling season
- 7.7.1.6 Effect analysis of pipe-embedded window with ground-source heat exchangers in the heating season
- 7.7.1.7 Effect analysis of pipe-embedded window with cooling towers in the cooling season
- 7.7.1.8 Effect analysis of natural ventilation in the cooling season
- 7.7.1.9 Effect analysis of mechanical ventilation in the cooling season
- 7.7.1.10 Effect analysis of fresh air with ground-source heat exchangers in the cooling season
- 7.7.1.11 Effect analysis of fresh air with ground-source heat exchangers in the heating season
- 7.7.2 Effect analysis of global climate regions
- 7.7.2.1 Effect analysis of pipe-embedded wall with ground-source heat exchangers in the cooling season
- 7.7.2.2 Effect analysis of pipe-embedded wall with ground-source heat exchangers in the heating season.