http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3 http://www.loc.gov/standards/mods/v3/mods-3-2.xsd
Carbon-based nanomaterials in biosystems
biophysical interface at lower dimensions
This book explores the integration of carbon-based nanomaterials in biosystems, focusing on their biophysical interfaces at lower dimensions. It covers the unique properties, synthesis, and applications of various carbon nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, and fullerenes. The text delves into the implications of these materials in fields like food science, agriculture, and biomedicine, highlighting their potential for enhancing food safety, packaging, and crop improvement. The editors, including experts from diverse research institutions, aim to provide a comprehensive overview for researchers and practitioners interested in the cutting-edge applications of nanotechnology in biological systems.
Front Cover -- Carbon-based Nanomaterials in Biosystems -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- List of contributors -- Preface -- Important features of the book are enumerated -- Acknowledgment -- Introduction -- Section 1: Carbon-based Nanomaterials: Fabrication, Manufacture, and Underlying Physicochemical Properties -- Section 2: Carbon-based Nanomaterials in Food Industry -- Section 3: Role of Carbon-based Nanomaterials in Agriculture -- Section 4: Role of Carbon-based Nanomaterials in Biomedicine -- Section 5: Carbon Nanomaterials-based Biosensors/Devices for Food, Agriculture, and Biomedicines -- Section 6: Toxicity Assessment of Different Forms of Carbon-based Nanomaterials (Safety, Health Evaluation [SHE]) -- 1 Carbon-based nanomaterials: fabrication, manufacture, and underlying physicochemical properties -- 1 Introduction to the carbon-based nanomaterials and its unique electrochemical and physicochemical properties -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Carbon-based nanomaterials -- 1.2.1 Carbon nanotube -- 1.2.2 Graphene -- 1.2.3 Fullerene -- 1.3 Dimensionality -- 1.3.1 Zero dimension -- 1.3.1.1 One dimension -- 1.3.1.2 Two dimensions -- 1.3.1.3 Three dimensions -- 1.3.2 Size and surface area of the particles -- 1.3.2.1 Effect of particle shape and aspect ratio -- 1.3.3 Number of layers -- 1.3.3.1 Graphene -- 1.3.3.2 Fullerenes -- 1.3.3.3 Carbon nanotubes and nanofibers -- 1.3.4 Surface functionalization -- 1.3.4.1 Covalent functionalization approach -- 1.3.4.1.1 Covalent functionalization on the usage of click chemistry -- 1.3.4.1.2 Noncovalent and different functionalization approaches -- 1.4 Physical properties of carbon nanomaterials -- 1.4.1 Electrical -- 1.4.2 Thermal -- 1.4.3 Mechanical -- 1.4.4 Electronic and optical -- 1.4.5 Magnetic -- 1.4.5.1 Carbon nanotubes -- 1.4.5.2 Graphene -- 1.4.6 Chemical.
1.5 Chemical and electrochemical properties of carbon nanomaterials -- 1.6 Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 2 Synthesis, characterization, and applications of carbon nanomaterials from a nanobiotechnological perspective -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.1.1 Organic nanomaterials -- 2.1.2 Inorganic nanomaterials -- 2.1.3 Nanocomposites -- 2.1.4 Materials based on carbon -- 2.1.4.1 Graphite -- 2.1.4.2 Graphene -- 2.1.4.3 Graphene oxide -- 2.1.4.4 Fullerenes -- 2.1.5 Synthesis of carbon nanomaterials -- 2.1.5.1 Top-down strategy -- 2.1.5.2 Bottom-up strategy -- 2.1.6 Applications of carbon nanomaterials -- 2.1.6.1 Hyperthermia -- 2.1.6.2 Biotechnological applications of carbon-based nanomaterials -- 2.1.6.2.1 Food analysis -- 2.1.6.2.2 Protein/enzyme immobilization -- 2.1.6.2.3 Protein purifications -- 2.1.6.3 Bioengineering applications -- 2.1.6.3.1 Tissue engineering -- 2.1.6.3.2 Sensor-based biomedical applications -- 2.1.6.3.3 Implants -- 2.1.6.3.4 Imaging and diagnosis -- 2.2 Conclusion and future research work -- References -- 3 Green carbon nanomaterials and their application in food, agriculture, and biomedicine -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.1.1 Nanomaterials of various elements -- 3.1.2 Types of carbon nanoparticles -- 3.2 Synthesis of various carbon nanomaterials -- 3.2.1 Disadvantages of synthesizing nanoparticles using conventional methods -- 3.3 Green synthesis of carbon nanomaterials -- 3.3.1 Fullerenes synthesis -- 3.3.2 Carbon nano-onions synthesis -- 3.3.3 Carbon quantum dots synthesis -- 3.3.4 Carbon nanotubes synthesis -- 3.4 Applications of green nanomaterials -- 3.4.1 Food industry -- 3.4.1.1 Applications for detecting pesticide residues and fruit samples -- 3.4.1.2 Application in food packaging -- 3.4.1.3 Improving the UV barrier's efficiency in packing film.
3.4.1.4 Application in the food industry as antibacterial and antioxidant agent -- 3.4.2 Biomedicine -- 3.4.3 Agriculture -- 3.5 Conclusion -- References -- 4 Recent trends in the "bottom-up" and "top down" techniques in the synthesis and fabrication of myriad carbonaceous nanoma... -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Carbon nanomaterials -- 4.2.1 Carbon nanotubes -- 4.2.2 Graphene -- 4.2.3 Fullerenes -- 4.2.4 Carbon nanofibers -- 4.2.5 Carbon quantum dots -- 4.2.6 Carbon nanohorns -- 4.2.7 Carbon nanohorns -- 4.3 Nanotechnology-based system -- 4.3.1 Nanoelectronics -- 4.3.2 Nanosensors -- 4.3.3 Energy storage -- 4.3.4 Drug delivery systems -- 4.3.5 Nanocomposite -- 4.3.6 Biomedical imaging -- 4.4 Development of myriad carbonaceous nanomaterials -- 4.4.1 Carbon nanotubes -- 4.4.2 Graphene -- 4.4.3 Graphene oxide -- 4.4.4 Carbon dots -- 4.4.5 Carbon nanofibers -- 4.4.6 Carbon quantum dots -- 4.4.7 Carbon nanohorns -- 4.4.8 Diamond nanoparticles -- 4.5 Synthetic methods for the myriad carbonaceous nanomaterials -- 4.5.1 Bottom-up technique -- 4.5.1.1 Pyrolysis of graphene -- 4.5.1.1.1 Graphene restructuring -- 4.5.1.1.2 Graphene oxide formation -- 4.5.1.1.3 Carbon nanomaterial synthesis -- 4.5.1.1.4 Graphene decomposition -- 4.5.1.2 Chemical vapor deposition -- 4.5.1.2.1 Carbon nanotubes -- 4.5.1.2.2 Graphene -- 4.5.1.2.3 Carbon nanofibers -- 4.5.1.2.4 Carbon nanowires -- 4.5.1.2.5 Carbon quantum dots -- 4.5.1.3 Chemical vapor condensation -- 4.5.1.4 Self-Assembly -- 4.5.1.5 Epitaxial growth of graphene -- 4.5.1.5.1 Graphene -- 4.5.1.5.2 Graphene nanoribbons -- 4.5.1.5.3 Graphene on heterostructures -- 4.5.1.5.4 Graphene-related structures -- 4.5.2 Top-down technique -- 4.5.2.1 Mechanical exfoliation -- 4.5.2.1.1 Starting material -- 4.5.2.1.2 Preparation -- 4.5.2.1.3 Exfoliation -- 4.5.2.1.4 Repeated exfoliation -- 4.5.2.1.5 Characterization.
4.5.2.1.6 Further processing -- 4.5.2.2 Lithography -- 4.5.2.2.1 Substrate preparation -- 4.5.2.2.2 Resist deposition -- 4.5.2.2.3 Lithography exposure -- 4.5.2.2.4 Resist development -- 4.5.2.2.5 Etching -- 4.5.2.2.6 Residue removal -- 4.5.2.2.7 Post-processing -- 4.5.2.3 Carbonization -- 4.5.2.3.1 Selection of precursor -- 4.5.2.3.2 Pre-treatment -- 4.5.2.3.3 Heating process -- 4.5.2.3.4 Pyrolysis -- 4.5.2.3.5 Structure formation -- 4.5.2.3.6 Cooling and collection -- 4.5.2.3.7 Posttreatment -- 4.5.2.4 Electrochemical exfoliation -- 4.5.2.4.1 Selection of carbon source -- 4.5.2.4.2 Preparation of electrolyte -- 4.5.2.4.3 Electrode setup -- 4.5.2.4.4 Electrochemical exfoliation -- 4.5.2.4.5 Delamination and exfoliation -- 4.5.2.4.6 Separation and collection -- 4.5.2.4.7 Posttreatment -- 4.6 Characterization tools -- 4.6.1 Spectroscopic characterizations -- 4.6.1.1 X-ray diffraction spectroscopy -- 4.6.1.2 Measurement of topology -- 4.6.1.3 Scanning electron microscope -- 4.7 Applications of carbon nanoparticles -- 4.7.1 Carbon nanotubes -- 4.7.2 Fullerene -- 4.7.3 Nanoporous activated carbon -- 4.7.4 Graphene oxide -- 4.8 Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 2 Carbon-based nanomaterials in food industry -- 5 Implications of caged molecular structure of buckminster fullerenes in food sciences and industry applications -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Fullerenes: basic characteristics -- 5.2.1 Stability of fullerenes -- 5.2.2 Types of fullerenes -- 5.2.3 Synthesis of fullerenes -- 5.2.3.1 Models to explain the formation of fullerenes -- 5.3 Applications of fullerenes in food science and safety -- 5.3.1 Food toxin detection -- 5.3.2 Shelf life extension -- 5.3.3 Agricultural improvement -- 5.3.4 Polymer/fullerene nanocomposites coating for corrosion resistance intended for -- 5.3.4.1 Biomedical applications.
5.4 Biomedical applications of fullerenes -- 5.4.1 Diagnostic applications -- 5.4.2 Anti-HIV activity -- 5.4.3 DNA photocleavage -- 5.4.4 Free radical scavenger -- 5.4.5 Antimicrobial activity -- 5.4.6 Osteoporosis -- 5.4.7 Fullerenes in drug and gene therapy -- 5.4.8 Pristine C60 fullerene nanoparticles ameliorate hyperglycemia-induced disturbances via modulation of apoptosis and au... -- 5.5 Consumer exposure -- 5.6 Fullerenes as a human health hazard -- 5.6.1 Absorption, metabolization, distribution, and elimination of toxins -- 5.6.1.1 Absorption -- 5.7 Acute and repeated dose toxicity -- 5.7.1 Oral exposure -- 5.7.2 Pulmonary/inhalation exposure -- 5.7.3 Inhalation -- 5.7.4 Intratracheal instillation -- 5.8 Biological mechanisms and target organ toxicity -- 5.8.1 Inflammation, cytotoxicity, pro- and antioxidant properties -- 5.8.2 Cardiovascular effects -- 5.8.3 Immune effects -- 5.9 Conclusion -- Acknowledgment -- References -- 6 Uncovering the unique attributes of 2D graphene-based nanomaterials in food safety and practices -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Design and synthesis of 2D graphene nanomaterial -- 6.2.1 Epitaxial graphene on the wafers of SiC -- 6.2.2 Liquid-phase exfoliation (LPE) -- 6.2.3 Chemical vapor deposited (CVD) graphene films -- 6.2.4 Thermal and chemical reduction of graphene oxide (GO) -- 6.2.5 Graphene-polymer nanocomposites -- 6.3 Mechanical and chemical properties of graphene nanomaterials -- 6.3.1 Stiffness -- 6.3.2 Toughness -- 6.3.3 Strength -- 6.3.4 Chemical properties -- 6.4 Graphene-based nanocomposites applied to food processing (graphene, graphene oxide, and reduced graphene oxide) -- 6.4.1 Application of graphene nanocomposites in detecting volatile organic compounds -- 6.4.2 Application of graphene nanocomposites in detecting of toxins -- 6.4.3 Antibacterial properties of graphene nanocomposites.
Progress in biochemistry and biotechnology