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Advances in natural gas : Formation, Processing, and Applications. Volume 5, Natural gas impurities and and condensate removal /

This book, 'Advances in Natural Gas: Natural Gas Impurities and Condensate Removal,' provides a comprehensive exploration of the methods and technologies involved in the removal of impurities from natural gas. Edited by Mohammad Reza Rahimpour, Mohammad Amin Makarem, and Maryam Meshksar, i...

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Bibliographic Details
Corporate Author: ScienceDirect (Online service)
Format: eBook
Language:English
Published: [S.l.] : Elsevier, 2024.
Subjects:
Natural gas.
Gaz naturel.
natural gas.
Electronic books.
Online Access:Connect to the full text of this electronic book
Table of Contents:
  • Front Cover
  • Front Matter
  • Natural Gas Impurities and Condensate Removal
  • Copyright
  • Contents
  • Contributors
  • About the editors
  • Preface
  • Reviewer acknowledgments
  • I
  • Particulates and condensates removalfrom natural gas
  • 1
  • Introduction to nonacidic impurities of natural gas: Particulates, condensates, mercury, nitrogen, helium
  • 1. Introduction
  • 1.1 Natural gas categories based on chemical composition
  • 1.1.1 Hydrocarbon percentage
  • 1.1.2 Quantity of sulfur
  • 1.2 Natural gas processing
  • 2. The constituents of natural gas
  • 2.1 Hydrocarbon constituents
  • 2.2 Nonhydrocarbon constituents
  • 2.2.1 The diluents
  • 2.2.2 Pollutants
  • 2.2.3 Solid matter
  • 3. Mercury cycle
  • 3.1 Physical properties of mercury
  • 3.2 Chemical substance characteristics
  • 4. Helium
  • 4.1 Characteristics of helium
  • 5. Nitrogen
  • 6. Nonacidic component removal from natural gas
  • 6.1 Hydrocarbon removal from liquid
  • 6.2 Removing mercury
  • 6.2.1 Nonregenerative processes
  • 6.2.2 Regenerative process
  • 6.3 Elimination of miniscule substances
  • 7. Conclusion and future outlooks
  • Abbreviation and symbols
  • References
  • 2
  • Arsenic removal from natural gas condensate
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. Arsenic removal
  • 2.1 Pyrolysis
  • 2.2 Adsorption processes
  • 2.3 Absorption process
  • 3. Case study
  • 4. The effects of arsenic exposure on human health
  • 4.1 The adverse effects of arsenic exposure on human health
  • 4.1.1 Impacts on lungs
  • 4.1.2 Impacts on hemoglobin
  • 4.1.3 Carcinogenicity
  • 5. Conclusion and future outlooks
  • Abbreviations and symbols
  • References
  • 3
  • Condensate stabilization process
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. Condensate stabilization
  • 2.1 Cascade flash separation for condensate stabilization
  • 2.2 Stabilization by distillation
  • 2.2.1 Condensate production
  • 2.3 Cold-feed distillation tower.
  • 3. Design considerations of stabilization column
  • 4. Trays and packing
  • 4.1 Trays
  • 4.2 Packing
  • 4.3 Trays or packaging
  • 4.3.1 Distillation service
  • 4.3.2 Stripping service
  • 5. Storage of condensate
  • 5.1 Factors to consider in tank design
  • 5.2 Management of tank emissions
  • 6. Conclusion and future outlooks
  • Abbreviations and symbols
  • References
  • 4
  • Refrigeration process for condensate recovery from natural gas
  • 1. Introduction
  • 1.1 Refrigeration processes
  • 2. Liquefied natural gas and process of liquefaction
  • 3. Refrigerant process mixed with propane precooler
  • 4. Self-refrigeration
  • 5. Dual mixed refrigerant process
  • 6. Multistage mixed refrigerant process
  • 7. Cryogenic refrigeration
  • 8. Classification of existing refrigeration processes in the LNG production industry
  • 8.1 Cascade refrigeration
  • 8.2 One-step mixed refrigerant process without phase separator
  • 8.3 Precooling process without phase separator
  • 8.4 The mixed refrigerant process with phase separator
  • 8.5 Mixed refrigerant process with precooling and phase separator
  • 8.6 Mixed refrigerant process with propane precooling (C3MR)
  • 8.7 The mixed refrigerant process with one-stage precooling and phase separator (DMR)
  • 8.8 Expansion liquefaction process
  • 9. Single nitrogen expansion liquefaction process
  • 10. Dual nitrogen expansion liquefaction process
  • 11. Solid bed adsorption
  • 12. Membrane separation process
  • 13. Conclusion and future outlooks
  • Abbreviations and symbols
  • References
  • 5
  • Membrane technologies for condensate recovery from natural gas
  • 1. Introduction
  • 1.1 Natural gas liquids
  • 1.2 Technologies for the removal of natural gas liquids
  • 2. Membrane separation mechanisms
  • 3. Current applications and cases of membranes for condensate recovery
  • 3.1 Polymeric membranes
  • 3.2 Inorganic membranes.
  • 3.3 Mixed matrix membranes
  • 4. Conclusions and future outlooks
  • Abbreviations and symbols
  • References
  • 6
  • Supersonic technology for condensate removal from natural gas
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. Natural gas purification technologies
  • 3. Natural gas condensates removal
  • 4. Supersonic technology for condensates removal in natural gas
  • 5. Conclusion and future outlooks
  • Abbreviations and symbols
  • Greek symbols
  • References
  • 7
  • Mercury removal from natural gas by absorption and adsorption processes
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. Systems for the removal of mercury
  • 2.1 Mercury adsorption on activated carbon
  • 2.2 Mercury adsorption on activated carbon with sulfur
  • 2.3 Mercury adsorption on metal sulfide-containing alumina
  • 2.4 Mercury adsorption on molecular sieves
  • 2.5 Mercury absorption using ionic liquids
  • 3. Resistance of H2S and H2O
  • 4. Functional groups and active sites
  • 5. Conclusion and future outlooks
  • Abbreviations and symbols
  • References
  • 8
  • Membrane technologies for mercury removal from natural gas
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. Mercury in natural gas
  • 2.1 Mercury species classification
  • 3. Mercury removal methods
  • 3.1 Mercury removal using activated carbon
  • 3.1.1 Carbon activated with sulfur
  • 3.2 Mercury removal using membrane
  • 3.2.1 Mercury removal using metal-organic framework membranes
  • 3.2.2 MOF nanofiber membrane
  • 3.2.3 Mercury removal using polymer-supported MOF membranes
  • 4. MOF material stability
  • 4.1 Altered ligands
  • 4.2 Metal protection
  • 4.3 Refinement after synthesis
  • 4.4 Other materials
  • 5. Conclusion and future outlooks
  • Abbreviation and symbols
  • References
  • 9
  • Nitrogen separation from natural gas using absorption and cryogenic processes
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. Methods for nitrogen separation from natural gas
  • 2.1 Membranes
  • 2.2 Adsorption.
  • 2.3 Cryogenic distillation
  • 2.4 Absorption processes for nitrogen separation
  • 2.4.1 Lean oil absorption
  • 2.4.2 Liquid ammonia N2-selective absorption process
  • 3. Conclusion and future outlooks
  • Abbreviations and symbols
  • References
  • 10
  • Nitrogen rejection from natural gas by adsorption processes and swing technologies
  • 1. Introduction
  • 1.1 N2 in natural gas
  • 2. Convectional technologies for N2 rejection from natural gas
  • 3. Adsorption, merits, and shortcomings
  • 3.1 Adsorbent, types, and features
  • 4. N2 rejection from natural gas by adsorption processes
  • 4.1 Pure and binary adsorption of CH4 and N2
  • 4.2 Kinetics of adsorption
  • 4.3 Adsorption selectivity of CH4/N2 mixture
  • 5. N2 rejection from natural gas by swing adsorption
  • 6. Conclusion and future outlooks
  • Abbreviations and symbols
  • Acknowledgments
  • References
  • 11
  • Membrane technology for nitrogen separation from natural gas
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. Nitrogen separation from methane technologies
  • 2.1 Cryogenic distillation
  • 2.2 Pressure swing absorption
  • 2.3 Membrane technology
  • 3. Membrane module configuration
  • 3.1 Hollow fibers
  • 3.2 Spiral-wound modules
  • 3.3 Plate-and-frame modules
  • 4. Flow pattern
  • 5. Process design
  • 6. Application and cases
  • 6.1 One-stage membrane design
  • 6.2 Two-stage membrane design
  • 7. Polymers
  • 7.1 Polysulfones
  • 7.2 Cellulose acetates
  • 7.3 Polyimides
  • 8. Effect of different parameters on membrane performance
  • 8.1 Effect of temperature
  • 8.2 Effect of polymer structure
  • 8.3 Effect of pressure
  • 9. Conclusion and future outlooks
  • Abbreviations and symbols
  • References
  • 12
  • Adsorption processes and swing technologies for helium removal from natural gas
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. Principles of helium removal using swing technologies
  • 3. Helium recovery from natural gas.
  • 4. Current application and cases
  • 5. Conclusion and future outlooks
  • Abbreviations and symbols
  • References
  • 13
  • Helium removal from natural gas by membrane technologies
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. Helium separation by membrane technology
  • 2.1 Principles
  • 2.2 Mechanisms of gas transport
  • 2.2.1 Solution-diffusion model
  • 2.2.2 Pore-flow model
  • 3. Membranes used for helium separation
  • 3.1 Polymeric membranes
  • 3.2 Inorganic membranes
  • 3.3 Mixed-matrix membranes
  • 4. Conclusion and future outlooks
  • Abbreviations and symbols
  • References
  • Index
  • Back Cover.