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Health and environmental effects of ambient air pollution. Volume 1, Air pollution, human health and the environment /

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This volume, edited by Mohammad Hadi Dehghani, Rama Rao Karri, Teresa Vera, and Salwa Kamal Mohamed Hassan, explores the health and environmental effects of ambient air pollution. It provides a comprehensive overview of the sources and types of outdoor air pollutants, including criteria and noncrite...

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Bibliographic Details
Corporate Author: ScienceDirect (Online service)
Other Authors: Dehghani, Mohammad Hadi
Format: eBook
Language:English
Published: London : Academic Press, 2024.
Subjects:
Air > Pollution.
Air > Pollution > Health aspects.
Polluants atmosphériques.
Electronic books.
Online Access:Connect to the full text of this electronic book
Table of Contents:
  • Front Cover
  • Health and Environmental Effects of Ambient Air Pollution
  • Copyright Page
  • Dedication
  • Contents
  • List of contributors
  • About the editors
  • Acknowledgments
  • Introduction
  • 1 Classification, sources, and occurrence of outdoor air pollutants: a comprehensive overview
  • Acronyms and molecular formulas
  • 1.1 Introduction
  • 1.1.1 Importance of understanding classification, sources, and occurrence
  • 1.1.2 Purpose and scope of this review chapter
  • 1.2 Classification and types of outdoor air pollutants
  • 1.2.1 Health implications of criteria pollutants
  • 1.2.2 Measurement methods and standards for criteria pollutants
  • 1.2.3 Noncriteria pollutants: VOCs, PAHs, and heavy metals
  • 1.2.4 Characteristics of noncriteria pollutants
  • 1.2.5 Relevance to air quality and human health
  • 1.3 Sources of outdoor air pollutants
  • 1.3.1 Anthropogenic sources
  • 1.3.2 Agricultural activities and emissions
  • 1.3.3 Residential sources (heating, cooking)
  • 1.3.4 Industrial emissions
  • 1.3.5 Natural sources
  • 1.3.5.1 Volcanic activity
  • 1.3.5.2 Wildfires
  • 1.3.5.3 Biogenic emissions
  • 1.3.5.4 Sea spray and natural aerosols
  • 1.3.5.5 Dust and desertification
  • 1.4 Transport and dispersion of air pollutants
  • 1.4.1 Meteorological factors
  • 1.4.1.1 Topography
  • 1.4.1.2 Emission height and source location
  • 1.4.1.3 Long-range transport
  • 1.4.1.4 Chemical reactions
  • 1.4.1.5 Air quality models
  • 1.4.2 Long-range transport of pollutants
  • 1.4.2.1 Atmospheric circulation
  • 1.4.2.2 Transboundary pollution
  • 1.4.2.3 Globalization of pollution
  • 1.4.2.4 Chemical transformations
  • 1.4.2.5 Health and environmental impacts
  • 1.4.2.6 Global collaboration and regulation
  • 1.5 Occurrence of outdoor air pollutants
  • 1.5.1 Seasonal variability
  • 1.5.2 Geographical patterns
  • 1.5.3 Emission sources
  • 1.5.4 Weather conditions.
  • 1.5.5 Long-range transport
  • 1.5.6 Mitigation and adaptation strategies
  • 1.5.7 Health and environmental impacts of outdoor air pollutants
  • 1.5.8 Human health impacts
  • 1.5.8.1 Respiratory and cardiovascular effects
  • 1.5.8.2 Aggravation of preexisting conditions
  • 1.5.8.3 Premature mortality
  • 1.5.8.4 Cognitive and developmental effects
  • 1.5.9 Environmental impacts
  • 1.5.9.1 Ecosystem damage
  • 1.5.9.2 Agricultural impact
  • 1.5.9.3 Visibility reduction
  • 1.5.9.4 Climate impact
  • 1.5.9.5 Environmental justice
  • 1.6 Regulations and mitigation strategies for outdoor air pollutants
  • 1.6.1 Regulatory measures
  • 1.6.1.1 Emission standards
  • 1.6.1.2 Vehicle emission controls
  • 1.6.1.3 Industrial regulations
  • 1.6.1.4 Zoning and urban planning
  • 1.6.2 Mitigation strategies
  • 1.6.2.1 Transition to clean energy
  • 1.6.2.2 Improved transportation
  • 1.6.2.3 Advanced technologies
  • 1.6.2.4 Green infrastructure
  • 1.6.2.5 Emission monitoring and reporting
  • 1.6.2.6 International collaboration
  • 1.6.2.7 Public awareness and education
  • 1.7 Monitoring and data collection for outdoor air pollutants
  • 1.7.1 Air quality monitoring networks
  • 1.7.1.1 Stationary monitoring
  • 1.7.1.2 Mobile monitoring
  • 1.7.1.3 Satellite observations
  • 1.7.2 Data collection methods
  • 1.7.2.1 Real-time monitoring
  • 1.7.2.2 Data logging
  • 1.7.2.3 Data validation
  • 1.7.3 Emission inventories
  • 1.7.3.1 Bottom-up approach
  • 1.7.3.2 Top-down approach
  • 1.7.4 Data analysis and interpretation
  • 1.7.4.1 Air quality index
  • 1.7.4.2 Health assessments
  • 1.7.5 Policy formulation and implementation
  • 1.7.5.1 Evidence-based decision making
  • 1.7.5.2 Feedback loop
  • 1.8 Future outlook for outdoor air pollutants
  • 1.8.1 Technological advancements
  • 1.8.1.1 Cleaner energy technologies
  • 1.8.1.2 Electric mobility
  • 1.8.1.3 Smart sensors and monitoring.
  • 1.8.2 Policy and regulation
  • 1.8.2.1 Stricter emission standards
  • 1.8.2.2 International collaboration
  • 1.8.2.3 Climate and air quality integration
  • 1.8.3 Public awareness and participation
  • 1.8.3.1 Citizen science
  • 1.8.3.2 Health focus
  • 1.8.3.3 Behavioral changes
  • 1.8.4 Emerging challenges
  • 1.8.4.1 Urbanization
  • 1.8.4.2 Climate change interaction
  • 1.8.4.3 Emerging pollutants
  • 1.8.4.4 Equity and vulnerable populations
  • 1.9 Conclusions
  • References
  • 2 Effects of particulate matter on human health
  • 2.1 Introduction
  • 2.2 Effects of particulate matter on
  • 2.2.1 Brain
  • 2.2.2 Lungs
  • 2.2.3 Kidneys
  • 2.2.4 Skin
  • 2.3 Estimation of health impacts
  • 2.4 Imaging of the effects of particulate matter
  • 2.5 Chronic effects at current PM level
  • 2.6 Potential health effects from exposure to particulate matter
  • 2.7 Effects on mortality at current pm levels
  • 2.7.1 Short-term exposure to PM and mortality
  • 2.7.2 Long-term exposure to PM and mortality
  • 2.8 Visibility reduction
  • 2.9 Specific air pollutants and associated health effects
  • 2.10 Effects of heavy metal constituents of particulate matter on human health
  • 2.10.1 Effects of heavy metal constituents on the respiratory system
  • 2.10.2 Effects of heavy metal constituents on the cardiovascular system
  • 2.10.3 Effects of heavy metal constituents on the nervous system
  • 2.10.4 Carcinogenic effects of heavy metal constituents
  • 2.11 Strategies to control
  • 2.11.1 General prevention and control strategies
  • 2.11.2 Personal exposure management strategies
  • 2.11.2.1 Portable air cleaners
  • 2.11.2.2 Individual air-cleaning respirators
  • 2.11.2.3 Air conditioning and auto air filters
  • 2.11.2.4 Systems for high-efficiency home air filters
  • 2.11.2.5 Use substitutes for open burning
  • 2.12 Conclusion
  • Acknowledgment
  • References.
  • 3 Effects of outdoor air pollutants on plants and agricultural productivity
  • 3.1 Introduction
  • 3.2 Sources of pollutants in the atmosphere and their impacts on plants
  • 3.2.1 Impacts of gaseous atmospheric pollutants on crops
  • 3.2.1.1 Carbon dioxide
  • 3.2.1.2 Carbon monoxide
  • 3.2.1.3 Methane
  • 3.2.1.4 Nitrous oxide, nitrogen dioxide, and nitric oxide
  • 3.2.1.5 Ammonia and ammonium
  • 3.2.1.6 Sulfur dioxide
  • 3.2.1.7 Ozone
  • 3.2.1.8 Fluorides (HF, SiF6, CF4, F2)
  • 3.2.1.9 Acid rain
  • 3.2.2 Effects of particulate matter (coarse, fine) on plants
  • 3.3 Economic evaluation of crop loss due to air pollution in different countries
  • 3.4 Bioremediation methods of air pollutants
  • 3.4.1 Phytoremediation
  • 3.4.1.1 Ozone
  • 3.4.1.2 Particulate matter
  • 3.4.1.3 Volatile organic compounds
  • 3.4.2 Phylloremediation
  • 3.4.2.1 Particulate matters
  • 3.4.2.2 Sulfur dioxide
  • 3.5 Conclusions
  • References
  • 4 Environmental and health effects of acid rain
  • 4.1 Introduction
  • 4.1.1 Acid rain formation
  • 4.1.2 Sources of acid rain
  • 4.1.3 Causes of acid rain
  • 4.1.3.1 Natural causes of acid rain
  • 4.1.3.2 Human-made causes of acid rain
  • 4.1.3.3 Power plants
  • 4.1.3.4 Factories
  • 4.1.3.5 Motor vehicles
  • 4.2 Environmental effect of acid rain
  • 4.2.1 Acid deposition control
  • 4.2.2 Harmful effects of acid deposition
  • 4.2.3 Impact on forest
  • 4.2.4 Impact on lakes and streams
  • 4.2.5 Impact on buildings and other objects
  • 4.3 Health effects of acid rain
  • 4.3.1 Acid rain effects on human health
  • 4.3.2 Acid rain affects aquatic and domestic animals
  • 4.3.2.1 Impact on aquatic life
  • 4.3.2.2 Impact on terrestrial wildlife
  • 4.3.2.3 Impact on domestic animals
  • 4.3.3 Facts and statistical data on acid rain
  • 4.4 Preventions for acid rain
  • 4.4.1 Reduction of emissions
  • 4.4.2 Pollution control devices.
  • 4.4.3 Alternative energy sources
  • 4.4.4 Efficient transportation methods
  • 4.4.5 International cooperation
  • 4.5 Summary and conclusions
  • Acknowledgments
  • References
  • 5 Environmental and health effects of global warming
  • 5.1 Introduction
  • 5.1.1 Background of global warming
  • 5.1.2 Importance of environmental and health effects of global warming
  • 5.2 Environmental effects of global warming
  • 5.2.1 Expanding sea levels and coastal erosion
  • 5.2.2 Loss of biodiversity and ecosystem disruption
  • 5.2.3 Impact on agriculture and food security
  • 5.2.4 Increasing natural disasters
  • 5.3 Health effects of global warming
  • 5.3.1 Heat-associated illness and deaths
  • 5.3.2 Mental health problems
  • 5.3.3 Respiratory and cardiovascular problems due to air pollution
  • 5.3.4 Increased prevalence of infectious diseases
  • 5.4 Mitigation and adaptation strategies
  • 5.4.1 Reducing greenhouse emissions
  • 5.4.2 Developing renewable energy source
  • 5.4.3 Developing adaptive measures to reduce vulnerability
  • 5.4.4 Implementing policies to promote energy efficiency
  • 5.5 Summary and conclusion
  • Acknowledgment
  • References
  • 6 Age-specific gender-based deposition of size-segregated particulate matter in the human respiratory tract
  • Abbreviations
  • 6.1 Introduction
  • 6.2 Methodology
  • 6.2.1 Monitoring campaign
  • 6.2.2 MPPD model description
  • 6.3 Results and discussion
  • 6.3.1 PM concentration
  • 6.3.2 Simulation of eight models
  • 6.3.3 Male/female comparison
  • 6.3.4 Clearance of TB and alveolar
  • 6.3.5 Retention of TB and alveolar
  • 6.4 Limitations of the study
  • 6.5 Conclusion
  • References
  • 7 Epidemiological aspects of outdoor air pollution- link between air pollution and COVID-19
  • List of acronyms
  • 7.1 Introduction
  • 7.2 Biomechanism of air pollutants affecting the transmission and severity of the SARS-CoV-2 virus.