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|a Health and environmental effects of ambient air pollution.
|n Volume 1,
|p Air pollution, human health and the environment /
|c edited by Mohammad Hadi Dehghani, Rama Rao Karri, Teresa Vera, Salwa Kamal Mohamed Hassan.
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|a Air pollution, human health and the environment
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|a London :
|b Academic Press,
|c 2024.
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|a 1 online resource
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|a Front Cover -- Health and Environmental Effects of Ambient Air Pollution -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- List of contributors -- About the editors -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1 Classification, sources, and occurrence of outdoor air pollutants: a comprehensive overview -- Acronyms and molecular formulas -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.1.1 Importance of understanding classification, sources, and occurrence -- 1.1.2 Purpose and scope of this review chapter -- 1.2 Classification and types of outdoor air pollutants -- 1.2.1 Health implications of criteria pollutants -- 1.2.2 Measurement methods and standards for criteria pollutants -- 1.2.3 Noncriteria pollutants: VOCs, PAHs, and heavy metals -- 1.2.4 Characteristics of noncriteria pollutants -- 1.2.5 Relevance to air quality and human health -- 1.3 Sources of outdoor air pollutants -- 1.3.1 Anthropogenic sources -- 1.3.2 Agricultural activities and emissions -- 1.3.3 Residential sources (heating, cooking) -- 1.3.4 Industrial emissions -- 1.3.5 Natural sources -- 1.3.5.1 Volcanic activity -- 1.3.5.2 Wildfires -- 1.3.5.3 Biogenic emissions -- 1.3.5.4 Sea spray and natural aerosols -- 1.3.5.5 Dust and desertification -- 1.4 Transport and dispersion of air pollutants -- 1.4.1 Meteorological factors -- 1.4.1.1 Topography -- 1.4.1.2 Emission height and source location -- 1.4.1.3 Long-range transport -- 1.4.1.4 Chemical reactions -- 1.4.1.5 Air quality models -- 1.4.2 Long-range transport of pollutants -- 1.4.2.1 Atmospheric circulation -- 1.4.2.2 Transboundary pollution -- 1.4.2.3 Globalization of pollution -- 1.4.2.4 Chemical transformations -- 1.4.2.5 Health and environmental impacts -- 1.4.2.6 Global collaboration and regulation -- 1.5 Occurrence of outdoor air pollutants -- 1.5.1 Seasonal variability -- 1.5.2 Geographical patterns -- 1.5.3 Emission sources -- 1.5.4 Weather conditions.
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|a 1.5.5 Long-range transport -- 1.5.6 Mitigation and adaptation strategies -- 1.5.7 Health and environmental impacts of outdoor air pollutants -- 1.5.8 Human health impacts -- 1.5.8.1 Respiratory and cardiovascular effects -- 1.5.8.2 Aggravation of preexisting conditions -- 1.5.8.3 Premature mortality -- 1.5.8.4 Cognitive and developmental effects -- 1.5.9 Environmental impacts -- 1.5.9.1 Ecosystem damage -- 1.5.9.2 Agricultural impact -- 1.5.9.3 Visibility reduction -- 1.5.9.4 Climate impact -- 1.5.9.5 Environmental justice -- 1.6 Regulations and mitigation strategies for outdoor air pollutants -- 1.6.1 Regulatory measures -- 1.6.1.1 Emission standards -- 1.6.1.2 Vehicle emission controls -- 1.6.1.3 Industrial regulations -- 1.6.1.4 Zoning and urban planning -- 1.6.2 Mitigation strategies -- 1.6.2.1 Transition to clean energy -- 1.6.2.2 Improved transportation -- 1.6.2.3 Advanced technologies -- 1.6.2.4 Green infrastructure -- 1.6.2.5 Emission monitoring and reporting -- 1.6.2.6 International collaboration -- 1.6.2.7 Public awareness and education -- 1.7 Monitoring and data collection for outdoor air pollutants -- 1.7.1 Air quality monitoring networks -- 1.7.1.1 Stationary monitoring -- 1.7.1.2 Mobile monitoring -- 1.7.1.3 Satellite observations -- 1.7.2 Data collection methods -- 1.7.2.1 Real-time monitoring -- 1.7.2.2 Data logging -- 1.7.2.3 Data validation -- 1.7.3 Emission inventories -- 1.7.3.1 Bottom-up approach -- 1.7.3.2 Top-down approach -- 1.7.4 Data analysis and interpretation -- 1.7.4.1 Air quality index -- 1.7.4.2 Health assessments -- 1.7.5 Policy formulation and implementation -- 1.7.5.1 Evidence-based decision making -- 1.7.5.2 Feedback loop -- 1.8 Future outlook for outdoor air pollutants -- 1.8.1 Technological advancements -- 1.8.1.1 Cleaner energy technologies -- 1.8.1.2 Electric mobility -- 1.8.1.3 Smart sensors and monitoring.
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|a 1.8.2 Policy and regulation -- 1.8.2.1 Stricter emission standards -- 1.8.2.2 International collaboration -- 1.8.2.3 Climate and air quality integration -- 1.8.3 Public awareness and participation -- 1.8.3.1 Citizen science -- 1.8.3.2 Health focus -- 1.8.3.3 Behavioral changes -- 1.8.4 Emerging challenges -- 1.8.4.1 Urbanization -- 1.8.4.2 Climate change interaction -- 1.8.4.3 Emerging pollutants -- 1.8.4.4 Equity and vulnerable populations -- 1.9 Conclusions -- References -- 2 Effects of particulate matter on human health -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Effects of particulate matter on -- 2.2.1 Brain -- 2.2.2 Lungs -- 2.2.3 Kidneys -- 2.2.4 Skin -- 2.3 Estimation of health impacts -- 2.4 Imaging of the effects of particulate matter -- 2.5 Chronic effects at current PM level -- 2.6 Potential health effects from exposure to particulate matter -- 2.7 Effects on mortality at current pm levels -- 2.7.1 Short-term exposure to PM and mortality -- 2.7.2 Long-term exposure to PM and mortality -- 2.8 Visibility reduction -- 2.9 Specific air pollutants and associated health effects -- 2.10 Effects of heavy metal constituents of particulate matter on human health -- 2.10.1 Effects of heavy metal constituents on the respiratory system -- 2.10.2 Effects of heavy metal constituents on the cardiovascular system -- 2.10.3 Effects of heavy metal constituents on the nervous system -- 2.10.4 Carcinogenic effects of heavy metal constituents -- 2.11 Strategies to control -- 2.11.1 General prevention and control strategies -- 2.11.2 Personal exposure management strategies -- 2.11.2.1 Portable air cleaners -- 2.11.2.2 Individual air-cleaning respirators -- 2.11.2.3 Air conditioning and auto air filters -- 2.11.2.4 Systems for high-efficiency home air filters -- 2.11.2.5 Use substitutes for open burning -- 2.12 Conclusion -- Acknowledgment -- References.
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|a 3 Effects of outdoor air pollutants on plants and agricultural productivity -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Sources of pollutants in the atmosphere and their impacts on plants -- 3.2.1 Impacts of gaseous atmospheric pollutants on crops -- 3.2.1.1 Carbon dioxide -- 3.2.1.2 Carbon monoxide -- 3.2.1.3 Methane -- 3.2.1.4 Nitrous oxide, nitrogen dioxide, and nitric oxide -- 3.2.1.5 Ammonia and ammonium -- 3.2.1.6 Sulfur dioxide -- 3.2.1.7 Ozone -- 3.2.1.8 Fluorides (HF, SiF6, CF4, F2) -- 3.2.1.9 Acid rain -- 3.2.2 Effects of particulate matter (coarse, fine) on plants -- 3.3 Economic evaluation of crop loss due to air pollution in different countries -- 3.4 Bioremediation methods of air pollutants -- 3.4.1 Phytoremediation -- 3.4.1.1 Ozone -- 3.4.1.2 Particulate matter -- 3.4.1.3 Volatile organic compounds -- 3.4.2 Phylloremediation -- 3.4.2.1 Particulate matters -- 3.4.2.2 Sulfur dioxide -- 3.5 Conclusions -- References -- 4 Environmental and health effects of acid rain -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.1.1 Acid rain formation -- 4.1.2 Sources of acid rain -- 4.1.3 Causes of acid rain -- 4.1.3.1 Natural causes of acid rain -- 4.1.3.2 Human-made causes of acid rain -- 4.1.3.3 Power plants -- 4.1.3.4 Factories -- 4.1.3.5 Motor vehicles -- 4.2 Environmental effect of acid rain -- 4.2.1 Acid deposition control -- 4.2.2 Harmful effects of acid deposition -- 4.2.3 Impact on forest -- 4.2.4 Impact on lakes and streams -- 4.2.5 Impact on buildings and other objects -- 4.3 Health effects of acid rain -- 4.3.1 Acid rain effects on human health -- 4.3.2 Acid rain affects aquatic and domestic animals -- 4.3.2.1 Impact on aquatic life -- 4.3.2.2 Impact on terrestrial wildlife -- 4.3.2.3 Impact on domestic animals -- 4.3.3 Facts and statistical data on acid rain -- 4.4 Preventions for acid rain -- 4.4.1 Reduction of emissions -- 4.4.2 Pollution control devices.
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|a 4.4.3 Alternative energy sources -- 4.4.4 Efficient transportation methods -- 4.4.5 International cooperation -- 4.5 Summary and conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 5 Environmental and health effects of global warming -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.1.1 Background of global warming -- 5.1.2 Importance of environmental and health effects of global warming -- 5.2 Environmental effects of global warming -- 5.2.1 Expanding sea levels and coastal erosion -- 5.2.2 Loss of biodiversity and ecosystem disruption -- 5.2.3 Impact on agriculture and food security -- 5.2.4 Increasing natural disasters -- 5.3 Health effects of global warming -- 5.3.1 Heat-associated illness and deaths -- 5.3.2 Mental health problems -- 5.3.3 Respiratory and cardiovascular problems due to air pollution -- 5.3.4 Increased prevalence of infectious diseases -- 5.4 Mitigation and adaptation strategies -- 5.4.1 Reducing greenhouse emissions -- 5.4.2 Developing renewable energy source -- 5.4.3 Developing adaptive measures to reduce vulnerability -- 5.4.4 Implementing policies to promote energy efficiency -- 5.5 Summary and conclusion -- Acknowledgment -- References -- 6 Age-specific gender-based deposition of size-segregated particulate matter in the human respiratory tract -- Abbreviations -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Methodology -- 6.2.1 Monitoring campaign -- 6.2.2 MPPD model description -- 6.3 Results and discussion -- 6.3.1 PM concentration -- 6.3.2 Simulation of eight models -- 6.3.3 Male/female comparison -- 6.3.4 Clearance of TB and alveolar -- 6.3.5 Retention of TB and alveolar -- 6.4 Limitations of the study -- 6.5 Conclusion -- References -- 7 Epidemiological aspects of outdoor air pollution- link between air pollution and COVID-19 -- List of acronyms -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Biomechanism of air pollutants affecting the transmission and severity of the SARS-CoV-2 virus.
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|a This volume, edited by Mohammad Hadi Dehghani, Rama Rao Karri, Teresa Vera, and Salwa Kamal Mohamed Hassan, explores the health and environmental effects of ambient air pollution. It provides a comprehensive overview of the sources and types of outdoor air pollutants, including criteria and noncriteria pollutants such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and heavy metals. The book examines the implications of these pollutants on human health and the environment, discussing their transport and dispersion, seasonal and geographical variability, and the associated regulatory and mitigation strategies. It is intended for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers involved in environmental health, offering insights into air quality monitoring, data collection, and future challenges. The work also addresses the impact of air pollution on plants, agriculture, and the broader effects of phenomena like acid rain and global warming, providing a well-rounded perspective on the subject.
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| 650 |
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|a Air
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| 650 |
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|a Air
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| 650 |
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| 650 |
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