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|a Treatise on process metallurgy.
|n Volume 3,
|p Industrial processes /
|c edited by Seshadri Seetharaman [and more].
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|a Industrial processes
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|a Second edition.
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|a Amsterdam :
|b Elsevier,
|c 2024.
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|a Intro -- Treatise on Process Metallurgy: Volume 3: Industrial Processes -- Copyright -- Obituary -- Contents -- Contributors -- Editors Biographies -- Preface to the 2nd Edition -- Preface to the 1st Edition -- Section 1: Iron and Steel Technology -- Chapter 1.1: Iron and Steelmaking-Introduction -- Chapter 1.2: Ironmaking -- 1.2.1. INTRODUCTION -- 1.2.1.1. Modern Ironmaking Processes in Brief -- 1.2.1.1.1. Ironmaking as Integrated Part in Steelmaking -- 1.2.1.1.2. Blast Furnace Process Overview -- 1.2.1.1.2.1. Charging -- 1.2.1.1.2.2. Burden and Gas Movement -- 1.2.1.1.2.3. Blast Furnace Zones and Principal Reactions -- 1.2.1.1.2.4. Casting and Hot Metal Treatment -- 1.2.1.1.2.5. Continuous Improvement in Ironmaking Blast Furnace -- 1.2.1.1.3. Present Development and Alternative Ironmaking Technologies -- 1.2.1.1.3.1. Direct Reduction (DR) -- 1.2.1.1.3.2. Smelting Reduction (SR) -- 1.2.1.1.3.3. New Developments -- 1.2.1.2. Early History of Ironmaking -- 1.2.1.2.1. Beginning of Blast Furnace Era -- 1.2.1.2.2. Development to Present Days -- 1.2.1.2.2.1. Reductant and Fuel: From Charcoal to Coke -- 1.2.1.2.2.2. Ore Preparation: From Roasting to Sintering and Pelletizing -- 1.2.1.2.2.3. Furnace Design Changes -- 1.2.1.2.2.4. Preheating Blast With Top Gas -- 1.2.2. RAW MATERIALS AND THEIR PREPARATION -- 1.2.2.1. Iron-Bearing Materials and Additives -- 1.2.2.1.1. Types of Iron Ores -- 1.2.2.1.2. Agglomerates and Additives -- 1.2.2.1.2.1. Sinter and Sintering Process -- 1.2.2.1.2.2. Pellets and Pelletizing Process -- 1.2.2.1.2.3. Briquettes -- 1.2.2.1.2.4. Slag Formers in Agglomerates -- 1.2.2.1.2.5. Additives in Blast Furnace -- 1.2.2.1.2.6. DRI and Scrap -- 1.2.2.2. Reducing Agents and Energy Sources -- 1.2.2.2.1. Coke and Coke-Making -- 1.2.2.2.1.1. Coking -- 1.2.2.2.1.2. Coke Characterization -- 1.2.2.2.2. Injectants -- 1.2.2.2.2.1. Pulverized Coal.
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|a 1.2.2.2.2.2. Plastics, Fluff, and Other Solids -- 1.2.2.2.2.3. Oil and Tar -- 1.2.2.2.2.4. Natural Gas -- 1.2.2.2.2.5. Coke Oven Gas -- 1.2.2.2.2.6. Hydrogen-Future Fossil-Free Reductant and Energy -- 1.2.3. THE IRONMAKING BLAST FURNACE: FACILITIES AND PROCESSES -- 1.2.3.1. Blast Furnace Facilities -- 1.2.3.1.1. Construction and Profile -- 1.2.3.1.2. Different Zones in a Blast Furnace -- 1.2.3.1.3. Charging Equipment -- 1.2.3.1.4. Lining and Cooling -- 1.2.3.1.5. Evolution of Blast Furnace Dimension -- 1.2.3.1.6. Auxiliary Units -- 1.2.3.2. Blast Furnace Process and Operation -- 1.2.3.2.1. Charging -- 1.2.3.2.1.1. Bell Top Charging -- 1.2.3.2.1.2. Bell-Less Top Charging -- 1.2.3.2.2. Burden Descending and Physical-Chemical Changes -- 1.2.3.2.2.1. Throat and Shaft -- 1.2.3.2.2.2. Cohesive Zone -- 1.2.3.2.2.3. Dripping Zone -- 1.2.3.2.2.4. Active Coke Zone -- 1.2.3.2.2.5. Raceway -- 1.2.3.2.2.6. Hearth Coke and Deadman -- 1.2.3.2.2.7. Hot Metal and Slag -- 1.2.3.2.3. Movement of Gas -- 1.2.3.2.3.1. Gas Supply and Gas Generation -- 1.2.3.2.3.2. Ascending Flow -- 1.2.3.3. Blast Furnace Process Control -- 1.2.3.3.1. Process Control Structure -- 1.2.3.3.2. Blast Furnace Instrumentation -- 1.2.3.3.3. Application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Blast Furnace Control, Automation, and Optimization -- 1.2.4. BLAST FURNACE REACTIONS -- 1.2.4.1. Reactions in the Upper Zone -- 1.2.4.1.1. Water Removal and Volatilization -- 1.2.4.1.2. Preheating and Early Stage of Ore Reduction -- 1.2.4.1.3. Decomposition of Carbonates -- 1.2.4.1.4. Behavior of Volatile Compounds and Metals -- 1.2.4.2. Reactions in the Middle Zones -- 1.2.4.2.1. Chemical and Thermal Reserve Zone -- 1.2.4.2.2. Indirect Reduction of Wüstite -- 1.2.4.3. Reactions in the Lower Zones -- 1.2.4.3.1. Calcination of Limestone -- 1.2.4.3.2. Direct Reduction of Wüstite -- 1.2.4.4. Deadman and Hearth.
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|a 1.2.4.4.1. Functions of a Deadman -- 1.2.4.4.2. Floating Deadman -- 1.2.4.4.3. Inactive Deadman -- 1.2.4.5. Behavior of Minor Elements and Impurities -- 1.2.4.5.1. Behavior of Metallic Impurities -- 1.2.4.5.1.1. Silicon -- 1.2.4.5.1.2. Manganese -- 1.2.4.5.1.3. Titanium -- 1.2.4.5.1.4. Chromium -- 1.2.4.5.2. Behavior of Nonmetallic Impurities P and S -- 1.2.4.5.2.1. Phosphorus -- 1.2.4.5.2.2. Sulfur -- 1.2.4.5.3. Behavior of Circulating Elements -- 1.2.4.5.3.1. Zinc -- 1.2.4.5.3.2. Alkali Metals: Potassium and Sodium [31] -- 1.2.4.6. Formation of Hot Metal and Slag -- 1.2.4.6.1. Formation of Hot Metal -- 1.2.4.6.2. Formation of Slag -- 1.2.5. ENERGY CONSUMPTION, PROCESS PERFORMANCE, AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL -- 1.2.5.1. Energy Consumption and Distribution -- 1.2.5.1.1. A Global Picture of Energy Consumption -- 1.2.5.1.2. Energy and Materials Balance, and Energy Recovery -- 1.2.5.1.2.1. Materials Balance -- 1.2.5.1.2.2. Energy Balance -- 1.2.5.1.2.3. Energy Recovery -- 1.2.5.1.3. Blast Furnace Operating Conditions -- 1.2.5.2. Blast Furnace Performance -- 1.2.5.2.1. Gas Utilization Efficiency -- 1.2.5.2.2. Blast Furnace Productivity and Performance -- 1.2.5.3. Environmental Impacts and Recycling of Process Residues From Steelworks -- 1.2.5.3.1. Environmental Impacts of Ironmaking -- 1.2.5.3.2. Recycling of Process Residues From Ironmaking and Steelmaking [55] -- 1.2.5.3.2.1. Solid Residues From Ironmaking and Steelmaking -- 1.2.5.3.2.2. Main Challenges and Current Solutions -- 1.2.5.3.2.3. Future Perspectives -- 1.2.6. FUTURE TRENDS AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENTS IN IRONMAKING -- 1.2.6.1. Challenges and New Developments in Blast Furnace Process -- 1.2.6.1.1. Challenges in the Blast Furnace Process -- 1.2.6.1.2. New Developments in Blast Furnace Ironmaking -- 1.2.6.1.2.1. Top-Gas Recycling Blast Furnace (TGRBF).
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|a 1.2.6.1.2.2. Other Possibilities to Improve Energy Efficiency and Decrease CO2 Emissions -- 1.2.6.2. New and Alternative Ironmaking Processes -- 1.2.6.2.1. DRI Processes -- 1.2.6.2.2. Smelting Reduction Processes -- 1.2.6.2.2.1. COREX Process -- 1.2.6.2.2.2. FINEX Process -- 1.2.6.2.2.3. HIsmelt Process [6] -- 1.2.6.2.3. New Technological Developments in Alternative Ironmaking -- 1.2.6.2.3.1. ULCOS: Ultra-Low Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Steelmaking (EU) -- 1.2.6.2.3.2. COURSE50 (Japan) -- 1.2.6.2.3.3. Hydrogen-Based Ironmaking Processes -- 1.2.7. MODELING AND SIMULATION OF IRONMAKING PROCESSES -- 1.2.7.1. Blast Furnace Simulation Models -- 1.2.7.1.1. Model Categories -- 1.2.7.1.1.1. Zero-Dimensional or Lumped Models -- 1.2.7.1.1.2. One-Dimensional Models -- 1.2.7.1.1.3. Two-Dimensional Models -- 1.2.7.1.1.4. Three-Dimensional Models -- 1.2.7.1.1.5. Discrete Element-Based Models -- 1.2.7.2. Models of Alternative Ironmaking Concepts -- 1.2.7.3. Summary of Ironmaking Modeling -- REFERENCES -- SUGGESTED READINGS -- Chapter 1.3: The Direct Reduction of Iron -- 1.3.1. INTRODUCTION -- 1.3.2. RAW MATERIALS -- 1.3.2.1. Iron Ore Deposits, Mineralogy, and Processing -- 1.3.2.1.1. Ore Mineralogy and Deposits -- 1.3.2.1.2. Mining and Beneficiation of Iron Ore -- 1.3.2.1.2.1. Liberation -- 1.3.2.1.2.2. Separation -- 1.3.2.1.2.2.1. Flotation -- 1.3.2.1.2.2.2. Magnetic Separation -- 1.3.2.1.2.3. Other Technology Approaches -- 1.3.2.1.3. Products of Physical Beneficiation -- 1.3.2.1.3.1. Lump Ore -- 1.3.2.1.3.2. Fine Ore or Concentrate -- 1.3.2.1.3.3. Low-Grade Iron Ores -- 1.3.2.2. Agglomeration of Iron Ore -- 1.3.2.2.1. Pelletization -- 1.3.2.2.1.1. Mixing -- 1.3.2.2.1.2. Binders and Additives -- 1.3.2.2.1.3. Pelletizing Technologies -- 1.3.2.2.1.4. Pellet Induration -- 1.3.2.2.1.5. Products -- 1.3.2.2.1.5.1. Blast Furnace (BF) Grade.
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|a 1.3.2.2.1.5.2. Direct Reduction Grade (DR Grade) -- 1.3.2.2.1.5.3. RHF Pellets -- 1.3.2.2.2. Briquetting -- 1.3.2.2.3. Extrusion -- 1.3.2.2.4. Agglomerate Characterization -- 1.3.2.3. Reducing Agents -- 1.3.2.3.1. Gas-Based Direct Reduction -- 1.3.2.3.1.1. Natural Gas -- 1.3.2.3.1.2. Syngas -- 1.3.2.3.1.2.1. Corex Gas -- 1.3.2.3.1.2.2. Coal Gasification Syngas -- 1.3.2.3.1.2.3. Integrated Steel Mill Off-Gases -- 1.3.2.3.1.3. Shaft Furnace Reducing Gas -- 1.3.2.3.2. Coal-Based Direct Reduction -- 1.3.2.3.2.1. Required Coal Particle Size and Chemistry -- 1.3.2.3.2.2. Coal Physical Properties -- 1.3.2.3.3. Other Reducing Agents -- 1.3.2.3.3.1. Biomass -- 1.3.2.3.3.2. Waste Organics and Char -- 1.3.2.3.3.3. Hydrogen -- 1.3.3. DIRECT REDUCTION PROCESSES -- 1.3.3.1. Thermodynamics of Direct Reduction -- 1.3.3.1.1. Reduction of Iron Oxide -- 1.3.3.1.2. Natural Gas Reforming -- 1.3.3.1.3. Application to Commercial DR Processes -- 1.3.3.2. Kinetics -- 1.3.3.2.1. Kinetics of Solid-State Reduction by CO or Hydrogen -- 1.3.3.2.2. Kinetics of Fluidized Bed Iron Oxide Reduction -- 1.3.3.2.3. Kinetics of Rotary Kiln Reduction -- 1.3.3.2.4. Kinetics of Rotary Hearth Furnace Reduction -- 1.3.3.3. Commercial Process Development -- 1.3.3.3.1. DR Processes-History -- 1.3.3.3.2. Gas-Based Direct Reduction -- 1.3.3.3.2.1. Moving Bed Shaft Furnaces -- 1.3.3.3.2.1.1. MIDREX Process -- 1.3.3.3.2.1.2. MIDREX Process Developments -- 1.3.3.3.2.1.3. HYL/ENERGIRON -- 1.3.3.3.2.1.4. PERED Process -- 1.3.3.3.2.2. Fluidized Bed Reactors -- 1.3.3.3.2.2.1. FIOR/FINMET Processes -- 1.3.3.3.2.2.2. Circored -- 1.3.3.3.3. Coal-Based Direct Reduction -- 1.3.3.3.3.1. Rotary Kilns -- 1.3.3.3.3.1.1. SL/RN -- 1.3.3.3.3.1.2. DRC -- 1.3.3.3.3.1.3. Codir -- 1.3.3.3.3.1.4. Other -- 1.3.3.3.3.2. Rotary Hearth Furnaces -- 1.3.3.3.3.2.1. Inmetco -- 1.3.3.3.3.2.2. FASTMET, FASTMELT, and ITmk3.
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|a This treatise provides a comprehensive overview of industrial processes in the field of process metallurgy. Edited by experts from prestigious institutions, it covers a broad range of topics including the metallurgy of iron and steelmaking, extraction of nonferrous metals, and the development of new technologies for material processing. The book also discusses the recovery of useful products from metallurgical waste and advancements in solar-grade silicon production. It targets researchers, practitioners, and students in metallurgy and materials science, aiming to disseminate cutting-edge research and practical developments in the field. This volume serves as a valuable resource for understanding both theoretical principles and practical applications in industrial metallurgy.
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|a Metallurgy.
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|a Manufacturing processes.
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|a Production engineering.
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| 650 |
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|a Métallurgie.
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|a Fabrication.
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|a Technique de la production.
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|a metallurgy.
|2 aat
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|a manufacturing.
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|a Seetharaman, Seshadri.
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|a ScienceDirect (Online service)
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|a Seetharaman, Seshadri
|t Treatise on Process Metallurgy
|d San Diego : Elsevier,c2024
|z 9780323853736
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