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Droplet and digital microfluidics : ideation to implementation.

Droplet and Digital Microfluidics: Ideation to Implementation is a detailed introduction to the dynamics of droplet and digital microfluidics, also featuring coverage of new methods and applications. The explosion of applications of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) in recent years has driven de...

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Bibliographic Details
Corporate Author: ScienceDirect (Online service)
Format: eBook
Language:English
Published: [S.l.] : Academic Press, 2024.
Subjects:
Microfluidics.
Microfluidique.
Electronic books.
Online Access:Connect to the full text of this electronic book
Table of Contents:
  • Front Cover
  • Droplet and Digital Microfluidics
  • Droplet and Digital Microfluidics: IDEATION TO IMPLEMENTATION
  • Copyright
  • Contents
  • Contributors
  • 1
  • Introduction
  • References
  • 2
  • Droplet microfluidics
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. Principles
  • 2.1 Physics
  • 2.1.1 Physics of droplet formation
  • 2.1.2 Droplet formation regimes
  • 2.2 Chemistry
  • 2.2.1 Immiscible phases for droplet formation
  • 2.2.2 Droplet sustainability
  • 3. Methods
  • 3.1 Microfluidic fabrication methods
  • 3.1.1 Photolithography
  • 3.1.2 Soft-lithography
  • 3.1.3 Emerging fabrication methods
  • 3.2 Chip design
  • 3.2.1 Geometries for droplet production
  • 3.2.2 Design software tools
  • 3.3 Experimental setup
  • 3.3.1 Preprocessing
  • 3.3.1.1 Surface modifications
  • 3.3.1.2 Pumps
  • 3.3.2 Flow parameters
  • 3.3.3 Postprocessing
  • 3.3.3.1 Sorting setup
  • 3.3.3.2 Electroporation
  • 3.3.3.3 Droplet reconstitution
  • 4. Applications
  • 4.1 Digital microfluidic assays
  • 4.2 Hydrogel microparticles
  • 4.2.1 Fabrication of hydrogel microparticles
  • 4.2.2 Biomedical applications of hydrogel microparticles
  • 4.3 Single-cell and subcellular omics
  • 4.4 Drug discovery
  • 4.4.1 Drug synthesis
  • 4.4.2 Combinatorial and high-throughput drug screening
  • 4.4.3 Functional antibody screening
  • References
  • 3
  • Digital microfluidics
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. Theory and principles
  • 2.1 Electrowetting-on-dielectric
  • 3. Methods and materials
  • 3.1 Substrates
  • 3.2 Electrodes
  • 3.3 Dielectric layer
  • 3.4 Hydrophobic layer
  • 4. Applications
  • 4.1 Chemical reactions
  • 4.2 Nucleic acid amplification and associated techniques
  • 4.3 Cell-based applications
  • 4.4 Clinical diagnostics
  • 4.5 Immunoassays
  • 5. Conclusion
  • References
  • 4
  • Droplet-based microfluidics in chemical applications
  • 1. Introduction to microfluidics
  • 2. Droplet-based microfluidics.
  • 3. Chemical applications in droplet-based microfluidics
  • 4. Chemical applications in channel-based microfluidics
  • 4.1 Droplet generation
  • 4.2 Droplet splitting
  • 4.3 Droplet fusion/merging/coalescence
  • 4.4 Droplet sorting
  • 5. Chemical applications in digital microfluidics (DMF)
  • 6. Summary and conclusion
  • References
  • 5
  • Droplet-based microfluidics for biological applications
  • 1. Fundamentals of droplet-based single-particle analysis
  • 1.1 The stochastic nature of single-particle encapsulation
  • 1.2 Stochastic to deterministic single-particle encapsulation
  • 2. Single-molecule and single-cell polymerase chain reaction
  • 2.1 Applications of single molecule PCR
  • 3. Droplet-based directed enzyme evolution system
  • 3.1 Applications-In vivo-directed enzyme evolution
  • 3.2 Applications-In vitro-directed enzyme evolution
  • 4. Single cell analysis
  • 4.1 Single cell barcoding
  • 4.2 Application-single cell genome sequencing
  • 4.3 Application-single cell transcriptome sequencing
  • 5. Conclusion and future directions
  • References
  • 6
  • Digital microfluidics and its application in chip cooling
  • 1. Need for electronic cooling
  • 2. Background
  • 3. Cooling techniques
  • 3.1 Types of IC cooling techniques
  • 3.2 Methods of IC cooling
  • 4. Cooling using digital microfluidics
  • 4.1 Digital microfluidic cooling concept
  • 4.2 Electrowetting
  • 4.3 Digital microfluidics
  • 4.4 Digital microfluidic biochip
  • 4.5 Microfluidic cooling using thermocapillary effect
  • 4.6 Architectural support for coolant droplet routing
  • 5. Conclusion
  • References
  • 7
  • Droplet and digital microfluidics-enabled analytical techniques
  • 1. Droplet and digital microfluidics in mass spectrometry
  • 1.1 Mass spectrometry
  • 1.2 Electrospray ionization-MS
  • 1.3 Laser desorption/ionization-MS
  • 1.3.1 Matrix-assisted LDI
  • 1.3.2 Matrix-free LDI.
  • 2. Droplet and digital microfluidics in fluorescence-activated cell sorting
  • 2.1 Pressure-based jet-in-air droplet generation method in conventional FACS
  • 2.2 Principle of electrostatic droplet sorting
  • 2.2.1 Droplet charging and deflection
  • 2.3 Modern improvements
  • 2.4 Microfluidic fluorescence-activated cell sorter and future prospects
  • 3. Droplet and digital microfluidics in noninvasive micromanipulation
  • 3.1 Electrowetting on dielectric
  • 3.2 Optoelectrowetting
  • 3.3 Optoelectrokinetic particle manipulation
  • 3.3.1 Optoelectronic tweezers
  • 3.3.2 Rapid electrokinetic patterning
  • 3.3.3 Applications in particle transport and sorting
  • 3.3.4 Applications in bioparticle manipulation
  • 3.3.5 Programmable particle patterning
  • 3.4 Combining o-OEW and REP
  • 4. Conclusion
  • References
  • 8
  • Automation of digital/droplet microfluidic platforms
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. Microfluidics platform
  • 3. EWOD-based digital microfluidics platform
  • 3.1 Open/co-planar EWOD device fabrication
  • 3.1.1 EWOD bottom surface electrode patterning
  • 3.1.1.1 Using printed circuit board technique
  • 3.1.1.2 Using UV lithography technique
  • 3.1.2 Dielectric and hydrophobic layer fabrication and specification
  • 3.1.2.1 Procedure for using polypropylene as dielectric and FluoroPel 1601V as a hydrophobic layer
  • 3.1.2.2 Procedure for using PDMS as a dielectric and as a hydrophobic layer
  • 3.1.2.3 Procedure for perylene as a dielectric and teflon as a hydrophobic layer
  • 3.2 Closed EWOD device fabrication
  • 4. EWOD voltage unit and fundamental operation
  • 4.1 EWOD voltage unit
  • 4.2 Droplet fundamental operations
  • 5. EWOD advanced system-sensing of droplet parameters
  • 5.1 EWOD-based droplet sensing system
  • 5.2 Droplet position
  • 5.2.1 Optical detection
  • 5.2.2 Electrical detection
  • 5.3 Droplet speed
  • 5.4 Droplet volume.
  • 5.5 Droplet composition
  • 6. EWOD system in chemical/biomedical application
  • 6.1 EWOD-based thermal detection system
  • 6.2 Temperature control unit
  • 6.3 Glucose detection using isothermal method
  • 6.3.1 Step 1: sample and reagent transportation
  • 6.3.2 Step 2: merging and mixing
  • 6.3.3 Step 3: optical selection of the region of interest
  • 6.3.4 Step 4: temperature treatment and detection
  • 7. Droplet-based microfluidics in biomedical application
  • 8. Summary
  • References
  • 9
  • Challenges and opportunities
  • 1. Introduction
  • 1.1 DMF or DBMF
  • 1.1.1 DBMF
  • 1.1.2 DMF
  • 2. Classification of different detection techniques
  • 2.1 Electrochemical detection
  • 2.2 Capillary electrophoresis
  • 2.3 Mass spectrometry
  • 2.4 Waveguides
  • 2.5 Optical image processing
  • 2.6 Laser-initiated detection of microfluidic droplets
  • 2.7 Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
  • 2.8 Laser-based molecular spectroscopy
  • 2.9 Chemiluminescence detection and absorption
  • 3. Challenges in DBMF and DMF
  • 4. Opportunities in digital and droplet-based microfluidics
  • 5. Research gap
  • 6. Conclusion
  • References
  • Index
  • Back Cover.