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Elastomeric nanocellulose composites /

Elastomeric Nanocellulose Composites provides an in-depth study of recent developments in this fast-evolving research field.This book covers diverse aspects of materials engineering, surface treatments, and fabrication of green nanocomposites.

Bibliographic Details
Corporate Author: ScienceDirect (Online service)
Other Authors: Thomas, Sabu (Editor), Mohamed, P. K. (Editor), Kim, Jaehwan, 1961- (Editor), Tom, Milanta (Editor)
Format: eBook
Language:English
Published: Oxford : Woodhead Publishing, 2024.
Subjects:
Nanocomposites (Materials)
Cellulose.
Matériaux nanocomposites.
cellulose (complex carbohydrate)
Electronic books.
Online Access:Connect to the full text of this electronic book
Table of Contents:
  • Front Cover
  • Elastomeric Nanocellulose Composites
  • Copyright Page
  • Contents
  • List of contributors
  • Preface
  • 1 Nanocellulose elastomer composites-an introduction, history and state of art
  • 1.1 Introduction
  • 1.2 History of nanocellulose-based elastomer nanocomposites
  • 1.3 Recent advances and state of art in elastomeric nanocellulose composites
  • 1.4 Challenges, opportunities, and future outlook
  • References
  • 2 Extraction of nanocellulose-mechanical and chemical approaches
  • 2.1 Introduction
  • 2.2 Fundamental aspects of cellulose biopolymer
  • 2.2.1 Cellulose-based nanomaterials
  • 2.2.1.1 Cellulose nanofibers
  • 2.2.1.2 Cellulose nanocrystals
  • 2.2.1.3 Bacterial nanocellulose
  • 2.3 Feedstock for nanocellulose production
  • 2.4 Extraction methods of nanocellulose
  • 2.4.1 Mechanical approaches
  • 2.4.2 Chemical approaches
  • 2.4.2.1 Acid hydrolysis
  • 2.4.2.2 Oxidation process
  • 2.4.2.3 Ionic liquid treatment
  • 2.4.3 Enzymatic hydrolysis
  • 2.4.4 Combined techniques
  • 2.5 Conclusions
  • References
  • 3 Modifications and characterization of nanocellulose
  • 3.1 Introduction
  • 3.2 Background on cellulose nanomaterials
  • 3.3 Nanocellulose modification techniques
  • 3.3.1 Chemical modifications
  • 3.3.1.1 2,2,6,6-Tetra-methylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical oxidation
  • 3.3.1.2 Silylation
  • 3.3.1.3 Grafting
  • 3.3.1.4 Esterification
  • 3.3.1.5 Noncovalent adsorption of surfactants
  • 3.3.1.6 Nitration
  • 3.3.2 Physical modifications
  • 3.3.2.1 Plasma modification
  • 3.3.2.2 UV irradiation
  • 3.3.3 Biological approaches
  • 3.4 Characterization of modified nanocellulose
  • 3.4.1 Morphology and particle size
  • 3.4.2 Structural characterization
  • 3.4.3 Crystallinity and thermal stability
  • 3.4.4 Degree of substitution
  • 3.4.5 Other characterizations
  • 3.5 Conclusions and remarks
  • References.
  • 4 Electrospinning of nanocellulose
  • 4.1 Introduction
  • 4.2 Basic of electrospinning
  • 4.3 Electrospinning of nanocellulose
  • 4.4 Rheology of electrospun fibers
  • 4.5 Applications
  • 4.5.1 Wound dressing
  • 4.5.2 Packaging
  • 4.5.3 Filtration membranes
  • 4.5.4 Drug delivery
  • 4.6 Conclusions
  • References
  • 5 Nanocellulose-based filaments: production, characterization, and applications
  • 5.1 Introduction
  • 5.2 Fabrication processes
  • 5.2.1 Wet-spinning
  • 5.2.2 Syringe-extrusion
  • 5.2.3 Flow focusing
  • 5.2.4 Microfluidic-spinning
  • 5.2.5 Dry-spinning
  • 5.2.6 Coaxial-spinning
  • 5.2.7 Interfacial polyelectrolyte complexation-spinning
  • 5.3 Testing procedures
  • 5.3.1 Spinning parameters
  • 5.3.1.1 Rheology
  • 5.3.1.2 Flow-induced alignment and spatial structure
  • 5.3.1.3 Filament drawing
  • 5.3.1.4 Coagulation and drying
  • 5.3.2 Characterization of nanocellulose filaments
  • 5.3.2.1 Imaging and morphology
  • 5.3.2.2 Moisture interaction
  • 5.3.2.3 Physical-mechanical properties
  • 5.3.2.4 Alignment
  • 5.4 Applications
  • 5.4.1 Textiles
  • 5.4.2 Conductivity devices and sensors
  • 5.4.3 Biomedical purposes
  • 5.4.3.1 Tissue engineering
  • 5.4.3.2 Drug delivery
  • 5.4.3.3 Biosensor
  • 5.4.3.4 Wound healing and dressing
  • 5.4.4 Composite reinforcing agent
  • References
  • 6 Manufacturing techniques of elastomeric nanocellulose composites
  • 6.1 Introduction
  • 6.1.1 Different manufacturing techniques
  • 6.1.2 Solution casting
  • 6.2 Production of cellulose nanocomposites using the in situ technique
  • 6.3 Melt processing techniques
  • 6.4 Fiber spinning
  • 6.5 Advanced techniques
  • 6.5.1 Three-dimensional printing
  • 6.6 Conclusion and recommendations for future work
  • References
  • 7 Curing characteristics and scorch behavior of nanocellulose elastomer composites
  • 7.1 Introduction
  • 7.1.1 Nanocellulose as promising fillers.
  • 7.1.2 Different nanocellulose materials
  • 7.1.3 Nanocellulose reinforced rubber
  • 7.1.4 The importance of rubber/nanocellulose composites
  • 7.2 Rubber formulation
  • 7.2.1 Peptizers
  • 7.2.2 Activators
  • 7.2.3 Nonreinforcing fillers
  • 7.2.3.1 Processing aids
  • 7.2.4 Plasticizers
  • 7.2.5 Ester plasticizers
  • 7.2.6 Other processing aids
  • 7.2.6.1 Accelerators
  • 7.3 Accelerators based on chemical structures
  • 7.3.1 Accelerators based on functional action
  • 7.3.1.1 Antidegradents
  • 7.3.1.2 Antioxidants
  • 7.3.1.3 Antiozonants
  • 7.3.2 Curing agents
  • 7.3.3 Sulfur
  • 7.3.4 Sulfur donors (sulfur-bearing chemicals)
  • 7.3.5 Peroxides
  • 7.3.6 Resin curing
  • 7.3.7 Metal oxides curing
  • 7.3.8 Special purpose additives
  • 7.3.8.1 Blowing agents
  • 7.3.8.2 Silane coupling agents
  • 7.3.8.3 Antistatic agents
  • 7.3.9 Flame retardants
  • 7.4 Cure characteristic, cure modeling and simulation
  • 7.4.1 Cure studies and viscosity
  • 7.5 Effect of filer type and curing system on curing characteristics and scorch time in natural rubber
  • 7.5.1 Curing characteristics of modified and nonmodified crystalline nanocellulose and natural rubber composites
  • 7.5.2 Curing characteristics: effect of modified and nonmodified crystalline nanocellulose on curing characteristic and sco...
  • 7.5.3 Curing characteristics of natural rubber/epoxidized natural rubber and cellulose II
  • 7.5.3.1 Cure parameters
  • 7.5.4 Curing characteristics of cellulose nanofiber embedded in natural rubber composites
  • 7.5.4.1 Determination of curing parameters
  • 7.5.4.2 Isothermal curing behavior
  • 7.5.5 Curing characteristics of lignocellulosic fiber mediated rubber composites
  • 7.5.6 Effect of nanocrystalline cellulose on the curing characteristics of carbon black reinforced natural rubber
  • 7.5.6.1 Curing characteristics.
  • 7.5.7 The cure characteristics of the rice husk-derived nanocellulose, carbon black, and natural rubber composites (NR-CB/RHNC)
  • 7.5.7.1 Preparation of NR-CB/RHNC composites
  • 7.5.7.2 Cure characteristics of NR-CB/RHNC composites
  • 7.5.8 Cure Characteristics of natural rubber/wheat bran biocomposites
  • 7.6 Curing characteristics
  • 7.6.1 Effect of different cure systems on natural rubber/nanocellulosenanocomposites in rheological, physical-mechanical, a...
  • 7.6.2 Rheological measurements
  • 7.6.3 Crosslink density by solvent swelling at equilibrium method
  • 7.6.4 Crosslink density determination by swelling
  • 7.7 Effect of filer type on curing characteristics and scorch time and curing kinetics in other elastomers
  • 7.7.1 Curing kinetics of liquid silicone rubber filled with cellulose nanocrystal
  • 7.7.1.1 Rheological characterization
  • 7.7.1.2 Differential scanning calorimetry analysis
  • 7.7.1.3 Curing kinetics of LSR/M-CNC nanocomposites
  • 7.7.2 Cure characteristics of cellulosic bionanocomposites based on acrylonitrile butadiene rubber and Cuscutareflexa (NBR/...
  • 7.7.3 Cure characteristics of nanofibrillated cellulose/acrylonitrile butadiene rubber composites
  • 7.7.4 Cure characteristics of new nanocomposite materials reinforced with cellulose nanocrystals in nitrile rubber
  • 7.7.4.1 Vulcanization of NBR/CNs composites
  • 7.7.5 Cure characteristics of cellulose nanocrystals reinforced foamed nitrile rubber nanocomposites
  • 7.7.5.1 Preparation of foamed NBR/CNs nanocomposites
  • 7.8 Conclusion
  • References
  • 8 Interfacial interaction, mechanisms of reinforcement and characterization
  • 8.1 Introduction
  • 8.2 Filler-matrix interface
  • 8.2.1 Nanofillers elastomer interface
  • 8.2.1.1 Carbon blacks
  • 8.2.1.2 Silica
  • 8.2.1.3 Nanocellulose
  • 8.2.1.4 Carbon nanotubes
  • 8.3 Characterization.
  • 8.3.1 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
  • 8.3.2 Transmission electron microscope
  • 8.3.3 Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX)
  • 8.3.4 Crosslink-density
  • 8.3.5 Water uptake and swelling behavior
  • 8.3.6 Payne effect
  • 8.4 Conclusions
  • References
  • 9 Nanocellulose as a reinforcing filler in natural rubber composites
  • 9.1 Introduction
  • 9.2 Reinforcement of natural rubber composites by nanocellulose
  • 9.2.1 Types of nanocellulose
  • 9.2.2 An insight on reinforcement by nanocellulose
  • 9.2.3 Nanocellulose-reinforced natural rubber composites
  • 9.2.3.1 Natural rubber/crystalline nanocellulose composites
  • 9.2.3.2 Natural rubber/cellulose nanofiber composites
  • 9.2.3.3 Nanocellulose/bacterial nanocellulose composites
  • 9.3 Preparation of natural rubber/nanocellulose composites
  • 9.3.1 Hands lay-up
  • 9.3.2 Physical mixing and compression molding
  • 9.3.3 Extrusion
  • 9.3.4 Solution casting
  • 9.4 Property evaluation of natural rubber/nanocellulose composites
  • 9.5 Applications
  • 9.6 Conclusions
  • References
  • 10 Nanocellulose reinforced general and special purpose elastomers
  • 10.1 Introduction
  • 10.2 General-purpose elastomers
  • 10.2.1 Natural rubber
  • 10.2.2 Polyisoprene
  • 10.2.3 Butadiene rubber
  • 10.2.4 Styrene butadiene rubber
  • 10.2.5 Summary of properties
  • 10.3 High-volume special purpose elastomers
  • 10.3.1 Ethylene-propylene-diene rubber
  • 10.3.2 Butyl rubber
  • 10.3.3 Chloroprene rubber
  • 10.3.4 Nitrile butadiene rubber
  • 10.3.5 Summary of properties
  • 10.4 Other specialty elastomers
  • 10.4.1 Polysulfide butadiene rubber
  • 10.4.2 Polyurethanes
  • 10.4.3 Fluoroelastomers
  • 10.4.4 Polysiloxanes
  • 10.4.5 Summary of properties
  • 10.5 Preparation techniques of nanocellulose reinforced elastomers
  • 10.5.1 Homogenization and ultrasonic dispersion techniques.