The real case for driverless mobility : putting driverless vehicles to use for those who really need a ride /

This book, authored by Alain L. Kornhauser and Michael L. Sena, explores the potential of driverless vehicles to enhance mobility for those lacking access to traditional transportation. It delves into the historical context of automobile dependence, evaluates current transportation challenges, and a...

Full description

Bibliographic Details
Main Authors:	Kornhauser, Alain L. (Author), Sena, Michael L. (Michael Lawrence) (Author)
Corporate Author:	ScienceDirect (Online service)
Format:	eBook
Language:	English
Published:	Amsterdam : Elsevier, 2024.
Subjects:	Automated vehicles. Véhicules autonomes. Electronic books.
Online Access:	Connect to the full text of this electronic book

Table of Contents:

Intro
The Real Case for Driverless Mobility: Putting Driverless Vehicles to Use for Those Who Really Need a Ride
Copyright
Contents
Acknowledgments
Chapter 1: Why we have become dependent on cars
Introduction: The historical context for our proposal
Principles: Understanding initial conditions
Cars are essential to mobility, but not everyone has one
All those Roman roads and no place to go
Serfs, indentured servants, and slaves
The renaissance got things moving in different directions
The first industrial revolution exploited rivers, but not for transport
Then it started to exploit what was under the ground
Where did workers in the European factories and mines come from?
The New Worlds first industrial revolution
Skies grew darker as the cities grew larger
Current conditions: Private cars were the last straw for sprawl, not the first
The process of suburbanization begins
Cities finally cease to be the principal place where jobs are found
Businesses finally fled the cities, and services followed
Future predictions: Once jobs, services, and people are everywhere, transit cannot help
But is not there an urban renaissance happening?
The United States is a nation of small cities
Those who live in poor communities suffer most
Why not just give a car to everyone who needs one but cannot afford to buy it?
Summary: How we will go about showing driverless rides can work
Chapter 2: Mobility is not affordable for everyone
Introduction: Current transport options are not good enough
Why people take trips
Principles: Public transit must be redefined
It is time to start thinking outside of the bus
Maybe TfL is on to something
Meanwhile, on the other side of the pond
If buses disappeared from cities, would we miss them?.
Can on-demand buses solve the place-time utility equation?
Current conditions: Externalities of a car-based mobility solution
Future Predictions: Creating a greater good
Summary: Match the price with the cost
Chapter 3: Is driverless technology ready for the challenge?
Introduction: If we are counting on them for a ride, they have to work
Principles: Investments keep pouring in
Argo AI: Peter, Bryan, and the argonauts
Enter Volkswagen
Aurora innovation: The dawn of a new age
A rather rocky start
One door closes while another one opens
Cruise automation: Do you believe in magic
What did GM think it was buying?
Waymo has way more, or so they say
Oxbotica
Navya
Current applications: Top-down or bottom-up
Computers and humans need to partner, not compete
Driverless driving starts with safe driving
ADAS has contributed to the significant fall in motor vehicle-related deaths
Collision warning systems
Collision intervention systems
Driving control assistance systems
ADAS architecture
The effectiveness of advanced driver assistance systems
The evolution of cruise control
Automatic lane keeping systems (ALKS)
Fuel optimization
Speed adapted to rules of the road, road geometry, and dynamic conditions
Where was the PCC data supposed to come from?
Future predictions: From safe to driverless driving
Operational design domain
Driving is a full-time 360o task
Proprioception, kinesthesia, and multisensory integration
The importance of exact location
Reactive localization
Will robots roam everywhere or just somewhere?
Is connectivity necessary for safe operation?
Remote support
Human-machine interface
A first HMI standard for driverless functionality
Object and event detection and response
Data storage system for automated driving (DSSAD).
Cybersecurity and software updates
Summary: Were not there yet, but getting closer
Chapter 4: Where driverless cars can roam
Introduction: The operational design domain concept
Safety should drive engineering
Principles: Is there a taxonomy for grouping ODDs, or are they unique?
Current conditions: Deep-, surface-, temporal- and infra-structure
Future predictions: What is really safe enough?
Summary: Consult the genius of the place
Chapter 5: The role of automotive artificial intelligence
Introduction: AI has a role, but it must be limited
Cars did not hop from the analog cave to the digital penthouse
Principles: But first, what AI is, and what AI is not
Current conditions: How automotive AI is being used today
Driver monitoring systems (DMS)
Predictive maintenance of manufacturing systems
Automotive testing
Speech recognition
Automotive AI that interacts with humans
Humans and AI sharing the driving task on board the vehicle
Remote vehicle assistance
Driver assistance with and without automotive AI
Future predictions: Putting the wrappings on the automotive AI package
Automotive AI and issues of data privacy
Automotive AI and issues of liability
Ensuring that automotive AI follows the laws
What is standing in the way of Automotive AI?
Summary: Where we are with Automotive AI
We are already in the age of AI
Chapter 6: The business proposition of affordable mobility
Introduction: Producing vehicles that can deliver an affordable ride
Principles: The first market for driverless cars
Creative destruction or disruptive innovation
More than just another car
We havent been asking the right questions
Fast forward to the beginning of the BEV era
Current conditions: Context, requirements and user trajectories
Applying Christensens lessons learned.
Driverless car trajectories
Future predictions: Mobility for those who are underserved by current options is a totally new market
Summary: Putting driverless cars into the market
Disruptive innovations should not require tech breakthroughs
Chapter 7: The making and operating of driverless vehicles
Introduction: A sea change or an evolution of the automotive status quo
Principles: A new product or a new industry
Making and building the vehicles
Outsourcing and creating the instant company
Current conditions: Selling and servicing driverless vehicles
Selling vehicles to driverless fleets
Servicing driverless vehicles
Future predictions: Operating driverless cars services
Summary: All thats missing is the will
Chapter 8: Powering driverless vehicles
Introduction: BEVs are the only option-For now
Principles: Energy sources are the critical factors
Increased electricity use is increasing marginal CO2 emissions
We have to explore all options
Current conditions: From solid ICE proponents to unabashed BEV supporters
Perception is reality
Future predictions: Geopolitical ramifications of picking a winner
Summary: Its not over until its over
Chapter 9: The role of policymaking
Introduction: Individualist or collectivist
Principles: Predicting the future or enabling innovation
Protecting public safety while encouraging new solutions
Current conditions
Regulations: Lets not forget the laws we already have
Mercedes-Benz uses the framework to advantage
Germanys government prepares the way
Insurance: Existing regulations are ready for driverless
Insurers use the Goldilocks rule of determining rates
Precertification is a preferred approach
Accurate data from the vehicle is essential
What are the costs of crashes and who bears them.
There are hidden costs with improved safety
Perhaps the insurance revolution starts with buses
Mercedes-Benz and Germany: A case study in liability
German law provides further clarification
How liability is apportioned in Germany
What the insurers say about liability for driverless cars
Future predictions: Its time to standardize the standards
Stars and crash dummies
From an information program to a new standard
Who sets the standards for ADAS tests and driverless technology
How they do NCAP in Europe
The inventors no longer like their invention
Summary: Making policies for affordable mobility
Chapter 10: Making it happen
Introduction: Design and analysis of deployment scenarios
Principles: Modeling the demand side
Step 1: Creation of the Princeton Nationwide person file
Step 2: Creation of the Princeton Nationwide PersonTrip file
Journey to school
Journey to work
Journey to other places
Current conditions: Modeling the supply side
The scope of the supply side
Walking
Conventional bus transit trips
Conventional rail transit trips
Trips involving airlines that serve long trips
Trips within the operational design domain (ODD) of the demand-responsive system
The MOVES-style operational design concept
MOVES-style design and data visualization
MOVES mode split process
MOVES operational simulation and animation
MOVES basic economic analysis
MOVES kiosk design concepts
MOVES community involvement concepts
Future predictions: Trenton MOVES
A preliminary analysis of an interesting MOVES-style proof-of-market deployment
So, what are the real opportunities quantitatively?
Principles: Initial service design
Considerations
Budget estimation
Summary: Expect the unexpected
Trenton MOVES: By, for and in the community.