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Nanofertilizer synthesis : methods and types.

Nano-Fertilizer Synthesis and Types discusses the production of a variety of nano-fertilizers, including biological, chemical, and mechanical types. Nano-fertilizers aid in nutrition control by increasing nutrient consumption efficiency as nutrients are bonded to nano-dimensional adsorbents, which i...

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Bibliographic Details
Corporate Author: ScienceDirect (Online service)
Format: eBook
Language:English
Published: [S.l.] : Elsevier, 2024.
Subjects:
Fertilizers.
Engrais et amendements.
fertilizer.
Electronic books.
Online Access:Connect to the full text of this electronic book
Table of Contents:
  • Front Cover
  • Nanofertilizer Synthesis
  • Copyright Page
  • Contents
  • List of contributors
  • Series preface
  • Preface
  • 1 A comprehensive guide to nano-based fertilizers: types, production techniques, and properties
  • 1.1 Introduction
  • 1.2 Types of nanofertilizers
  • 1.2.1 Metal-based nanofertilizers
  • 1.2.1.1 Nitrogen nanofertilizers
  • 1.2.1.2 Phosphorus nanofertilizers
  • 1.2.1.3 Potassium nanofertilizers
  • 1.2.1.4 Zinc nanofertilizers
  • 1.2.1.5 Copper nanofertilizers
  • 1.2.1.6 Magnesium nanofertilizers
  • 1.2.2 Polymer-based nanofertilizers
  • 1.2.3 Nano-encapsulated fertilizers
  • 1.2.4 Nanostructured fertilizers
  • 1.2.5 Nano-coated fertilizers
  • 1.2.6 Nanocomposites
  • 1.2.7 Nanoemulsions
  • 1.3 Nanobiofertilizer
  • 1.3.1 Plant-based nanofertilizers
  • 1.3.2 Bacteria-based nanofertilizers
  • 1.3.3 Algae-based nanofertilizers
  • 1.3.4 Fungi-based nanofertilizers
  • 1.4 Nanofertilizers synthesis methods
  • 1.4.1 Chemical synthesis
  • 1.4.2 Physical methods
  • 1.4.3 Biological methods
  • 1.4.3.1 Cost-effective
  • 1.4.3.2 Nontoxic
  • 1.4.3.3 Simple and efficient
  • 1.4.3.4 Control of size and shape
  • 1.4.3.5 High stability
  • 1.4.4 Combination methods
  • 1.5 Synthesis hybrid nanofertilizers
  • 1.5.1 Selection of nanoparticle materials
  • 1.5.2 Preparation of the nanoparticle suspension
  • 1.5.3 Mixing with traditional fertilizers
  • 1.5.4 Coating or encapsulation
  • 1.5.5 Characterization and testing
  • 1.6 Characterization of nanofertilizers
  • 1.6.1 Particle size and morphology
  • 1.6.2 Chemical composition
  • 1.6.3 Surface area and charge
  • 1.6.4 Stability and agglomeration
  • 1.6.5 Nutrient release and uptake
  • 1.7 Nanofertilizers mode of actions
  • 1.7.1 Improved nutrient availability
  • 1.7.2 Enhanced nutrient uptake
  • 1.7.3 Soil improvement
  • 1.7.4 Controlled release
  • 1.7.5 Induced plant growth and stress tolerance.
  • 1.7.6 Antioxidant production
  • 1.7.7 Osmolyte production
  • 1.7.8 Nitrogen fixation
  • 1.7.9 Enhanced photosynthesis
  • 1.7.10 Reduced toxicity
  • 1.8 Large-scale production methods
  • 1.8.1 Wet chemical synthesis
  • 1.8.2 Sol-gel method
  • 1.8.3 Spray pyrolysis
  • 1.8.4 High-energy ball milling
  • 1.8.5 Electrodeposition
  • 1.9 Production and commercialization challenges
  • 1.9.1 High production costs
  • 1.9.2 Stability and shelf-life issues
  • 1.9.3 Standardization
  • 1.9.4 Field testing
  • 1.9.5 Health and environmental risks
  • 1.9.6 Regulatory requirements
  • 1.9.7 Scale-up challenges
  • 1.9.8 Market acceptance
  • 1.9.9 Compatibility with existing practices
  • 1.9.10 Intellectual property protection
  • 1.9.11 Lifecycle assessment
  • 1.9.12 Education and training
  • 1.10 Future directions
  • 1.10.1 Biodegradable and eco-friendly nanofertilizers
  • 1.10.2 Multifunctional nanofertilizers
  • 1.10.3 Field evaluation and optimization
  • 1.10.4 Integration with other technologies
  • 1.10.5 Site-specific application
  • 1.10.6 Smart delivery systems
  • 1.10.7 Remote sensing
  • 1.10.8 Data analysis
  • 1.11 Conclusion
  • References
  • 1 Types of nanofertilizers
  • 2 The synthesis of nanofertilizers: biological approaches
  • 2.1 Introduction
  • 2.2 Classification
  • 2.2.1 Single nutrient ("straight") fertilizers
  • 2.2.2 Multinutrient fertilizers
  • 2.2.2.1 Examples
  • 2.2.3 Sarsabz nitrophos fertilizer
  • 2.2.4 Nitrogen-potassium fertilizers
  • 2.2.5 Phosphate-potassium fertilizers
  • 2.2.6 Nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium Fertilizers
  • 2.2.7 Solid fertilizers
  • 2.2.8 Lime fertilizers
  • 2.2.9 Magnesium fertilizers
  • 2.2.10 Organic fertilizer
  • 2.3 Nanomaterials
  • 2.3.1 Types
  • 2.4 Nanofertilizers
  • 2.4.1 Macro-nanofertilizer
  • 2.4.2 Micro-nanofertilizer
  • 2.4.3 Nano-biofertilizer
  • 2.4.4 Significance of nanofertilizers.
  • 2.4.5 Conventional fertilizers versus nanofertilizers
  • 2.4.6 Crop nutrition with nanofertilizers
  • 2.4.7 Advantages of nanofertilizers
  • 2.4.8 Limitations of nanofertilizers
  • 2.4.9 Inside the plant, nanofertilizer elements move around
  • 2.4.10 Mode of entry of nanofertilizers
  • 2.5 Synthesis of macrofertilizer and nanofertilizer
  • 2.5.1 Synthesis of macrofertilizer
  • 2.5.2 Ammonia (Haber-Bosch process)
  • 2.5.3 Ammonium sulfate (Gypsum process)
  • 2.5.4 Urea
  • 2.5.4.1 Ammonium carbamate
  • 2.5.5 Single superphosphate
  • 2.6 Nanofertilizers synthesis
  • 2.6.1 Top-down approach
  • 2.6.2 Bottom-up approach
  • 2.6.3 Biological approach (Green synthesis)
  • 2.6.3.1 Microorganisms involved in nanoparticles (NPs) synthesis
  • 2.6.3.2 Green biosynthesis of single and bimetallic Fe and Mn nanoparticles utilizing bacterial auxin complex as plant fert...
  • 2.6.3.3 Biogenic synthesis of potassium nanoparticles
  • 2.6.3.3.1 Synthesis of nanoparticles
  • 2.6.3.4 Zinc oxide nanomaterials are biosynthesized from plant extracts
  • 2.6.3.5 Green synthesis of MtNPs by microorganisms
  • 2.6.3.5.1 Extracellular biosynthesis of MtNPs
  • 2.6.3.5.2 Intracellular synthetic approaches
  • 2.6.3.6 Green nanofertilizers synthesis as a foliar for Cucurbita pepo L
  • 2.6.3.7 Sulfur nanoparticles green synthesis through plant extra
  • 2.7 Smart delivery systems
  • 2.7.1 In vitro methods
  • 2.7.1.1 Aeroponics
  • 2.7.1.2 Hydroponics
  • 2.7.2 In vivo methods
  • 2.7.2.1 Soil application
  • 2.7.2.2 Foliar application
  • 2.8 Nanofertilizers and plant promotions
  • 2.8.1 Yield
  • 2.8.2 Quality
  • 2.8.3 Effect of nanofertilizers on the development and maturity of seeds
  • 2.9 Advantages and disadvantages
  • 2.10 Conclusion
  • References
  • 3 Nano-biofertilizers: plant growth promotions and protections
  • 3.1 Introduction
  • 3.2 Nanotechnology in agriculture.
  • 3.3 Types of fertilizers
  • 3.3.1 Synthetic fertilizers
  • 3.3.2 Organic fertilizers
  • 3.3.3 Hybrid fertilizers
  • 3.3.4 Nanofertilizers
  • 3.3.5 Nano-biofertilizers
  • 3.4 Synthesis of nanofertilizers
  • 3.4.1 Biosynthesis of nanofertilizers
  • 3.4.2 Biopolymer-based nano fertilizers
  • 3.5 Applications of nano-biofertilizers in plants
  • 3.5.1 Role of nano-biofertilizers on crop-protection
  • 3.5.2 Role of nano-biofertilizers on plant physiology and metabolism
  • 3.5.3 Nano-biofertilizers as an alternative to chemical fertilizers
  • 3.6 Nano versus conventional fertilizers
  • 3.7 Nano-biofertilizer applicability
  • 3.8 Potential and constraints of nano-biofertilizer
  • 3.9 Future scope of nano-biofertilizers
  • 3.10 Challenges
  • 3.11 Conclusion
  • References
  • 4 Inorganic nanoparticles as eco-friendly fertilizers: synthesis, characterization, and agricultural applications
  • 4.1 Introduction
  • 4.2 Nanofertilizers
  • 4.2.1 Types of nanofertilizers
  • 4.2.1.1 Nutrient-nanofertilizers
  • 4.2.1.1.1 Iron nanofertilizer
  • 4.2.1.1.2 Zinc nanofertilizer
  • 4.2.1.1.3 Magnesium nanofertilizer
  • 4.2.1.1.4 Calcium nanofertilizer
  • 4.2.1.1.5 Copper nanofertilizer
  • 4.2.1.2 Mixed nutrient nanofertilizers
  • 4.2.1.3 Sulfur nanofertilizer
  • 4.2.2 Nanobiofertilizers
  • 4.3 Synthesis or production of nanofertilizers
  • 4.3.1 Classification of the basis of synthesis type
  • 4.3.2 Synthesis of inorganic nanofertilizers
  • 4.3.3 Chemical synthesis of nanofertilizers
  • 4.3.4 Synthesis of organic nanofertilizers
  • 4.3.5 Physical synthesis of nanofertilizers
  • 4.4 Characterization of nanofertilizers
  • 4.5 Application of nanofertilizers
  • 4.5.1 Application methods
  • 4.5.2 Foliar or phyllosphere application
  • 4.5.3 Soil or rhizospheric application
  • 4.6 Challenges and future perspectives
  • References
  • 5 Hybrid nanofertilizers: synthesis and applications.
  • 5.1 Introduction
  • 5.2 Nanofertilizers
  • 5.3 Hybrid nanofertilizers-different types and synthesis methods
  • 5.3.1 Metal-metal/metal oxide-based nanohybrids
  • 5.3.1.1 Bimetallic/trimetallic nanohybrids
  • 5.3.1.2 Metal/biocontrol-based nanohybrids
  • 5.3.2 Core-shell nanohybrids
  • 5.3.3 Polymer-based nanohybrids
  • 5.3.4 Natural polymer (chitosan)-based nanohybrids
  • 5.3.5 Agri-waste-based nanohybrids
  • 5.4 Applications of hybrid nanofertilizers
  • 5.5 Conclusion and future prospects
  • Acknowledgment
  • References
  • 6 Synthesis of bionanoparticles and their significance in soil nutrition and plant development
  • 6.1 Introduction
  • 6.2 Synthesis of nanoparticles
  • 6.2.1 Biochemical synthesis of nanoparticles
  • 6.2.1.1 Plant-based nanoparticles
  • 6.2.1.2 Microbes-based metal nanoparticles
  • 6.2.2 Biosynthesis of chitosan and other nanoparticles
  • 6.3 Sources and production of bionanoparticles
  • 6.4 Mechanism of plant-based bionanoparticles
  • 6.5 Types of bionanoparticles
  • 6.5.1 Organic bionanoparticles
  • 6.5.2 Inorganic bionanoparticles
  • 6.5.3 Hybrid bionanoparticles
  • 6.5.4 Mechanisms of synthesis
  • 6.6 Applications of bionanoparticles in agriculture
  • 6.6.1 Bionanoparticles as safe fertilizers
  • 6.6.2 Role of nanobiofertilizer in soil quality
  • 6.6.3 Role of bionanoparticles in plant growth
  • 6.7 Future prospects
  • 6.8 Conclusion
  • References
  • 7 Biopolymers-based nanofertilizers
  • 7.1 Introduction
  • 7.2 Fertilizer usage in agriculture
  • 7.2.1 Fertilizer
  • 7.2.2 Organic fertilizer
  • 7.2.3 Inorganic fertilizer
  • 7.2.4 Chemical fertilizer
  • 7.2.5 Biological fertilizer
  • 7.2.6 Fate of fertilizers in ecosystem
  • 7.3 Synthesis of nanofertilizer
  • 7.3.1 Metallic nanoparticles
  • 7.3.2 Polymer nanoparticles
  • 7.3.2.1 Synthesis of biopolymer
  • 7.3.2.2 Slow-release mechanism of biopolymer.