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Advanced technologies in electric vehicles : challenges and future research developments /

Advanced Technologies in Electric Vehicles: Challenges and Future Research Developments discusses fundamental and advanced concepts, challenges, and future perspectives surrounding EVs. Sections cover advances and long-term challenges such as battery life span, efficiency, and power management syste...

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Bibliographic Details
Corporate Author: ScienceDirect (Online service)
Other Authors: Gali, Vijayakumar (Editor), Canha, Luciane Neves (Editor), Resener, Mariana (Editor), Ferraz, Bibiana (Editor), Varaprasad, Madisa V. G. (Editor)
Format: eBook
Language:English
Published: London : Academic Press, [2024].
Subjects:
Electric vehicles.
Véhicules électriques.
electric vehicles.
Electronic books.
Online Access:Connect to the full text of this electronic book
Table of Contents:
  • Front Cover
  • Advanced Technologies in Electric Vehicles
  • Copyright Page
  • Contents
  • List of contributors
  • Preface
  • Part 1 Overview
  • 1. An overview of hybrid electric vehicles
  • 1.1 Introduction
  • 1.2 Trends in hybrid electric vehicles
  • 1.2.1 Architectures of hybrid electric vehicles
  • 1.2.1.1 Series hybrid electric vehicles
  • 1.2.1.2 Parallel hybrid electric vehicles
  • 1.2.1.3 Series parallel hybrid electric vehicles
  • 1.2.1.4 Complex hybrid electric vehicles
  • 1.3 Hybrid energy storage system
  • 1.3.1 Battery pack cooling system of hybrid electric vehicles
  • 1.4 Bidirectional DC/AC converter
  • 1.4.1 Current source inverter
  • 1.4.2 Voltage source inverter
  • 1.4.3 Impedance source inverters
  • 1.5 Types of motors
  • 1.5.1 Brushless DC
  • 1.5.2 Induction motors
  • 1.5.3 Permanent magnet synchronous motor
  • 1.5.4 Switching reluctance motor
  • 1.6 Scope for improvements
  • 1.6.1 Problems with the batteries
  • 1.6.2 The infrastructure for intelligent charging
  • 1.6.3 Principal concerns regarding hybrid electric vehicles
  • 1.6.4 Impact on grid electric vehicles and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles
  • 1.6.5 Government policies/subsidies/taxes
  • 1.6.6 Financial
  • 1.6.7 Price
  • 1.6.8 Awareness among the public
  • 1.7 Costs involved
  • 1.7.1 Fuel cost
  • 1.7.2 Electric vehicles cost
  • 1.7.3 Maintenance cost
  • 1.7.4 Depreciation cost
  • 1.7.5 Rebates and incentives
  • 1.8 General discussion
  • 1.8.1 Start/stop system
  • 1.8.2 Vehicle's energy management system
  • 1.8.3 Energy stored in the vehicle's battery pack managed and balanced
  • 1.8.3.1 Passive balancing
  • 1.8.3.2 Active balancing
  • 1.8.3.3 Thermal management
  • 1.8.3.4 State of charge estimation
  • 1.8.3.5 State of health estimation
  • 1.8.3.6 Safety monitoring
  • 1.8.4 Vehicle's maximum power output achievement.
  • 1.8.5 Type of safety features are integrated into the vehicle's electrical system
  • 1.8.5.1 Ground fault circuit interrupter
  • 1.8.5.2 Fuse and circuit breakers
  • 1.8.5.3 Battery disconnect switch
  • 1.8.5.4 Overvoltage protection
  • 1.8.5.5 Insulation and shielding
  • 1.8.6 Efficiency of the power electronics used to control the electric motor and how is it optimized
  • 1.9 Conclusions
  • References
  • 2. Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle system and its future advanced technology
  • 2.1 Introduction
  • 2.2 PHEV system advanced configurations
  • 2.2.1 Vehicles to grid concept
  • 2.2.2 PHEV fuzzy logic controller
  • 2.2.2.1 PHEV architecture
  • 2.2.2.2 Input functions
  • 2.3 Energy management systems for HEVS/PHEVS
  • 2.4 The battery life of PHEVs, significant impact on efficiency
  • 2.4.1 Charging stations in India
  • 2.4.2 PHEV efficiency
  • 2.5 When PHEVs are plugged in to charge on already congested grid and future smart grid
  • 2.5.1 Proposed system
  • 2.5.2 Analysis
  • 2.6 Algorithms for selecting motor options
  • 2.7 Conclusion
  • References
  • 3. A review on modeling and estimation of state of charge of lithium-ion battery
  • 3.1 Introduction
  • 3.2 Modeling of Li-ion battery
  • 3.2.1 Rint model
  • 3.2.2 Thevenin model
  • 3.2.3 PNGV model
  • 3.2.4 General non-linear model
  • 3.3 Estimation methods of state of charge
  • 3.3.1 Direct measurement methods
  • 3.3.2 OCV method
  • 3.3.3 Terminal voltage method
  • 3.3.4 Impedance method
  • 3.3.5 Ampere-hour method
  • 3.4 SOC estimation by indirect methods
  • 3.4.1 State of charge estimation by neural network technique
  • 3.4.2 Kalman filter
  • 3.4.3 Estimation of state of charge by double Kalman filter
  • 3.4.4 Extended Kalman filter
  • 3.4.5 Unscented Kalman filter
  • 3.5 Summary
  • 3.6 Future scope
  • Nomenclature
  • References
  • Part 2 Environmental and social aspects.
  • 4. Environmental and social impact of electric vehicles
  • 4.1 Introduction
  • 4.2 Indicators of worldwide electric vehicle market
  • 4.3 Share and size of the global electric car market
  • 4.4 The environmental impact of electric vehicle
  • 4.4.1 Electric vehicles reduce transportation emissions
  • 4.4.2 Recycling helps in balancing the emissions
  • 4.4.3 Electric vehicle convalesce air quality
  • 4.4.4 Electric vehicle cut noise pollution
  • 4.4.5 Electric vehicles resolve the climate catastrophe
  • 4.5 Importance of "Green Cars"
  • 4.6 Lower emissions in all scenarios
  • 4.7 The carbon footprint of fossil fuels
  • 4.8 Electric vehicles: zero tailpipe emissions
  • 4.9 Effect of electric vehicle on the power grid
  • 4.10 Forecasts: electric vehicle market outlook by 2030 and beyond
  • 4.11 Electric vehicles roadmap initiative
  • 4.12 Infrastructure for electric vehicle charging and its cost
  • 4.13 Charging equipment
  • 4.14 Grid infrastructure
  • 4.15 Rates and demand charges
  • 4.16 Overview of electric chargers
  • 4.17 Why wireless power transfer?
  • 4.18 National security (India)
  • 4.19 Electric vehicle sales trend in India (2020-21)
  • 4.19.1 Electric vehicle market in India
  • 4.19.2 Business opportunities
  • 4.20 Conclusion
  • References
  • 5. Electric vehicle progression in the society and their consequences
  • 5.1 Introduction
  • 5.1.1 Zero emissions
  • 5.1.2 Ease of operation
  • 5.1.3 Cost
  • 5.1.4 Improved fuel economy
  • 5.1.5 Accessibility
  • 5.1.6 Driving range
  • 5.1.7 Battery cost
  • 5.2 Effect of electrification on the entire automotive supply chain
  • 5.3 Auxiliary vendors for automobiles
  • 5.4 Impact of electric vehicles on the automotive ecosystem
  • 5.5 Internal combustion engine to electric vehicle retrofitting (recycling)
  • 5.6 Acceleration in charging infrastructure build-up needed
  • 5.6.1 Distinct ways to charge an EV.
  • 5.6.1.1 Batteries
  • 5.6.1.2 Inverter
  • 5.6.1.3 Software
  • 5.6.2 Various charging locations for EVs
  • 5.6.3 EV recharging in the future
  • 5.7 Impact of electric vehicle charging on the grid
  • 5.7.1 Quick review of EV technologies
  • 5.7.2 Impacts of EVs on grid
  • 5.7.3 Grid stability and the influence of EV integration
  • 5.7.4 Effects on the reliability of the power supply
  • 5.8 Lifestyle adjustment
  • 5.8.1 Charging time and charger compatibility
  • 5.8.2 Availability of charging infrastructure
  • 5.8.3 Battery swapping
  • 5.8.4 Features fundamental to the policy
  • 5.8.5 Comparison of charging and swapping
  • 5.8.6 Challenges present in attempts to swap
  • 5.9 Cost involved
  • 5.9.1 Sales outlook
  • 5.9.2 EV charging fees in India
  • 5.9.3 Charging station financing and ownership
  • 5.9.4 Super-fast level 3 DC charging
  • 5.9.5 Infrastructure costs for EV charging equipment
  • 5.9.6 CMS software for controlling EVCS
  • 5.9.7 Pricing for EV home charging
  • 5.9.8 Market share
  • 5.10 Conclusions
  • References
  • Part 3 Distribution grid
  • 6. Electric-vehicle-enabled hosting capacity enhancement in distribution systems
  • 6.1 Introduction
  • 6.1.1 DG hosting capacity
  • literature survey
  • 6.1.2 Electric vehicles in DG hosting capacity
  • 6.1.3 Contribution
  • 6.2 EV-enabled DG hosting capacity
  • 6.2.1 Distributed generation and demand characterization
  • 6.2.2 EV-related uncertainties
  • 6.2.3 Leveraging EVs in DG hosting capacities
  • 6.2.4 EV clustering via aggregators
  • 6.3 Mathematical formulation
  • 6.3.1 Objective function
  • 6.3.2 Steady-state operating point and technical limits of an electric distribution system
  • 6.3.3 On-load tap changers
  • 6.3.4 Distributed generators
  • 6.3.5 EV aggregators
  • 6.3.6 Scenario reduction technique
  • 6.4 Cases and simulation results
  • 6.4.1 Technical data and specifications.
  • 6.4.2 Simulations and results
  • 6.5 Discussion and future works
  • 6.6 Conclusion
  • Nomenclature
  • Indexes and sets
  • Constants
  • Variables
  • References
  • 7. Power quality issues with electric vehicle charging stations
  • 7.1 Introduction
  • 7.2 EV charging technologies
  • 7.3 Electric vehicle charging station
  • 7.3.1 Conductive charging
  • 7.3.1.1 On-board chargers
  • 7.3.1.2 Off-board chargers
  • 7.3.2 Inductive charging (wireless charging)
  • 7.3.3 Battery swapping
  • 7.4 Impacts on the distribution system
  • 7.4.1 Power quality
  • 7.4.2 Negative impacts of EVCS on electric power system
  • 7.4.2.1 Impacts due to increase in peak demand
  • 7.4.2.2 Instability in voltage and phase unbalance
  • 7.4.2.3 Harmonic distortion
  • 7.4.2.4 Overloading of distribution system components
  • 7.4.2.5 Increase in power loss
  • 7.4.3 Effect of power quality on electrical equipment
  • 7.4.3.1 Effect on transformer operation
  • 7.4.3.2 Effect on capacitors
  • 7.4.3.3 Effect on power cables
  • 7.4.3.4 Effect on electric drives
  • 7.4.3.5 Effect on communication and protective devices and consumer equipment
  • 7.4.4 Power quality mitigation methods
  • 7.4.5 Impact and mitigation of PQ issues due to simultaneous EV penetration
  • 7.5 Conclusion
  • References
  • 8. Power quality impacts in the context of electric mobility
  • 8.1 Introduction
  • 8.2 Electric vehicle-charging infrastructure
  • 8.3 Power converters in electric vehicle charging
  • 8.4 Impact of AC chargers
  • 8.5 Impact of DC fast chargers
  • 8.5.1 Rectifier with boost converter topology
  • 8.5.2 Matrix converter
  • 8.5.3 Vienna rectifier
  • 8.6 Grid integration of electric vehicles and its challenges
  • 8.6.1 Positive impacts due to electric vehicle
  • 8.6.2 Challenges with grid integration
  • 8.7 Power quality indices affected by electric vehicle chargers
  • 8.7.1 Voltage fluctuation.