Table of Contents:
  • Front Cover
  • DIGITAL MANUFACTURING
  • DIGITAL MANUFACTURING: Key Elements of a Digital Factory
  • Copyright
  • Contents
  • Contributors
  • Preface
  • Acknowledgment
  • One
  • 3D digital factories: Manufacturing centers of the new industrial age
  • 1.1 Introduction
  • 1.1.1 The promise of 3D digital factories
  • 1.1.2 Changing the world
  • 1.1.3 Embracing digital design, new workflows
  • 1.1.4 Realizing 3D additive printing
  • 1.1.5 3D art to part
  • 1.2 Network of 3D digital factories as supply-side microgrids
  • 1.2.1 An integration of operational and information technologies
  • 1.2.2 The on-demand revolution
  • 1.2.2.1 Customized, short-run manufacturing: Books
  • 1.2.2.2 From inventory to on-demand manufacturing: Automotive parts
  • 1.2.2.3 A digital factory for Singapore's port
  • 1.2.2.4 Personalized products: Footwear and orthotics
  • 1.2.2.5 Rising to address an emergency: COVID-19 provides a 3D printing use case
  • 1.3 Conceptual design of a 3D digital factory
  • 1.3.1 Ensuring quality using domain knowledge and data
  • 1.3.1.1 Leveraging machine-generated data
  • 1.3.1.2 Computation and communications in a 3D digital factory
  • 1.3.1.3 Power requirements
  • 1.3.2 Human and robotic elements
  • 1.3.2.1 Staff training with the use of digital twins
  • 1.3.3 Protecting the 3D digital factory
  • 1.3.4 Raw materials supply
  • 1.3.5 Digital manufacturing to service-level agreements
  • 1.3.6 Case study: Mass personalization of dental molds
  • 1.4 Sustainability and the rise of the 3D digital factory
  • 1.4.1 Toward net-zero manufacturing
  • 1.4.2 Sustainable thinking: Available energy in joules as the currency
  • 1.4.3 Turning thinking into action
  • 1.4.4 Deciding when to move
  • 1.4.5 Printing new market opportunities
  • 1.4.6 Stepping toward the future
  • 1.5 Conclusion
  • References
  • Two
  • Robots in manufacturing: Current technology trends
  • 2.1 Introduction
  • 2.2 Autonomous mobile robots
  • 2.2.1 Types of UGVs in the manufacturing industry
  • 2.2.2 Types of mobile bases
  • 2.2.2.1 Differential drive
  • 2.2.2.2 Skid-steer
  • 2.2.2.3 Ackermann steering
  • 2.2.2.4 Omnidirectional drive
  • 2.2.3 Classification of UGVs
  • 2.2.4 Mapping and localization
  • 2.2.4.1 Mapping
  • 2.2.4.2 Metric maps
  • 2.2.4.3 Topological maps
  • 2.2.4.4 Localization
  • 2.2.5 Traffic management
  • 2.3 Robot perception
  • 2.3.1 Sensor technology
  • 2.3.1.1 2D vision camera
  • 2.3.1.2 Time of flight (ToF)
  • 2.3.1.3 Photogrammetry
  • 2.3.1.4 Structured light scanner
  • 2.3.1.5 Laser triangulation
  • 2.3.2 Image processing
  • 2.3.2.1 Point-cloud registration process
  • 2.3.2.2 A brief overview of feature detection
  • 2.3.2.3 2D feature detection
  • 2.3.2.4 3D feature detection
  • 2.4 Robot operating system (ROS)
  • 2.4.1 ROS and its history
  • 2.4.2 Tools provided by ROS
  • 2.4.3 Visualization and simulation tools for robotics
  • 2.4.3.1 Rviz
  • 2.4.3.2 Gazebo
  • 2.4.3.3 Ignition
  • 2.4.4 Motion planners used in ROS
  • 2.4.4.1 MoveIt