Translational glycobiology in human health and disease /

Along with nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids, carbohydrates stand as one of four main components of cellular architecture.However, glycobiology (or carbohydrate bioscience) is little understood by non-experts, partly because carbohydrates are a complex, diverse class of molecules structurally and...

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Bibliographic Details
Corporate Author:	ScienceDirect (Online service)
Other Authors:	Kilcoyne, Michelle, Joshi, Lokesh
Format:	eBook
Language:	English
Published:	London, United Kingdom : Academic Press, 2024.
Subjects:	Carbohydrates in human nutrition. Glycomics > Health aspects. Glycomics > Therapeutic use. Electronic books.
Online Access:	Connect to the full text of this electronic book

Table of Contents:

Front Cover
Translational Glycobiology in Human Health and Disease
Translational Glycobiology in Human Health and Disease
Copyright
Contents
List of contributors
Introduction
1
Glycobiology
1
Carbohydrates and human glycosylation
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Glycoconjugate structures
1.2.1 Human N-linked glycosylation
1.2.2 Human O-linked glycosylation
1.2.3 Glycolipids
1.2.4 Proteoglycans
1.3 Nonhuman carbohydrates
1.4 Recycling of monosaccharides
1.5 Glycosylation and the exracellular matrix
1.6 Conclusion
References
2
Lectins and their applications in biomedical research
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Plant lectins
2.2.1 Mannose binding
2.2.1.1 Con A
2.2.2 Galactose binding
2.2.2.1 PNA
2.2.3 N-Acetylgalactosamine binding
2.2.3.1 WFA
2.2.4 N-Acetylglucosamine binding
2.2.4.1 WGA
2.2.5 Fucose-binding
2.2.5.1 UEA-I
2.2.5.2 LTA
2.2.6 Sialic acid binding
2.2.6.1 SNA-I
2.3 Applications of lectins in biomedical research
2.3.1 Lectin agglutination assays
2.3.2 Lectin histochemistry
2.3.3 Lectin affinity chromatography
2.3.4 Enzyme-linked lectin assays
2.3.5 Lectin microarrays
2.4 Conclusions
References
3
Carbohydrate-active enzymes
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Glycosyltransferases
3.2.1 Acceptor substrates
3.2.2 Donor substrates
3.2.3 Structural characteristics of glycosyltransferases
3.2.4 Mechanistic characterization of glycosyltransferases
3.2.4.1 Inverting glycosyltransferases
3.2.4.2 Retaining glycosyltransferases
3.2.5 Glycosyltransferases as tools in research, medicine, and bioindustry
3.3 Glycosidases
3.3.1 Glycosidase substrates
3.3.2 Structural characteristics of glycosidases
3.3.3 Mechanistic classification of glycosyl hydrolases
3.3.3.1 Inverting glycosidases.
3.3.3.2 Retaining glycosidases
3.3.4 Glycosidases as tools in research, medicine, and bioindustry
Acknowledgments
References
4
Carbohydrate sulfotransferases in glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Two carbohydrate sulfotransferases superfamilies
4.3 Glycosaminoglycan sulfotransferases
4.3.1 Keratan sulfate sulfotransferases
4.3.2 Chondroitin sulfate sulfotransferases
4.3.3 Heparan sulfate sulfotransferases
4.4 Biomedical applications of sulfated glycosaminoglycans
References
2
Glycobiology and health
5
The immune system from a glycobiological point of view
5.1 The immune system beyond pathogens: dissecting dangerous self and nonself signals
5.2 The sweet side of the immune system
5.3 Cellular immunity
5.3.1 The role of selectins and integrins in leukocyte migration and homing
5.3.1.1 Selectins and their ligands
5.3.2 Integrins
5.3.3 Macrophages in cellular innate immunity
5.3.4 C-type lectin-type receptors
5.3.5 Siglecs
5.3.6 Galectins
5.3.6.1 Galectin-1 and -3
5.4 Adaptive immune response: B cells from a glycobiological perspective
5.4.1 B cell inhibitory coreceptors: CD22 and siglec-10
5.4.2 Galectins regulating B cell development, activation, and differentiation
5.4.3 Immunoglobulins
5.5 Complement: the soluble component of innate immunity
5.5.1 Lectin pathway
5.6 Conclusions
References
6
Host mucin glycosylation and gut symbiosis
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Mucin glycosylation along the GI tract
6.3 Role of mucin glycosylation in symbiosis: a bidirectional relationship
6.4 Mucin glycan utilization strategies by gut bacteria
6.5 Implication of mucin glycosylation in dysbiosis-mediated diseases
6.6 Future directions
Acknowledgments
References
7
Bifidobacteria-accessible carbohydrates in milk.
7.1 Introduction
7.2 General features of bifidobacteria HMO metabolism
7.2.1 Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis
7.2.2 Bifidobacterium bifidum
7.2.3 Bifidobacterium breve
7.2.4 Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum
7.2.5 Bifidobacterium kashiwanohense
7.2.6 Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum
7.2.7 Other species and taxa
7.3 Milk glycoconjugate metabolism
7.4 Conclusions
References
8
Extracellular vesicle glycosylation in transport, signaling, and function
8.1 A short introduction to extracellular vesicles
8.2 The beginning of the EV gold rush
8.3 The challenges of EV glycobiological analysis
8.4 Human EV glycome
8.5 Glycans in EV function
8.6 In closing, EV glycosylation and future prospects
References
3
Glycobiology and disease
9
Protein glycosylation in cancer
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Hexosamine biosynthetic pathway and cancer
9.3 O-GlcNAcylation and cancer
9.4 N-glycosylation in cancer
9.5 O-linked N-acetylgalactosamine in cancer
9.5.1 Truncated O-linked glycans
9.5.2 Mucins
9.6 N- and O-linked glycan capping in cancer
9.7 Sialic acid in tumor biology
9.7.1 Neu5Gc-terminated glycans in tumor cell biology
9.7.2 Current approaches targeting sialylated glycans to improve antitumor response
9.8 Proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans in cancer
9.9 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
10
Metabolic diseases: disorders of carbohydrate metabolism and lysosomal storage
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Disorders of carbohydrate metabolism
10.2.1 Disorders of galactose metabolism
10.2.1.1 Classic galactosemia (galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase deficiency) and variants
10.2.1.2 Galactokinase deficiency
10.2.1.3 Galactose epimerase deficiency
10.2.1.4 Galactose mutarotase deficiency
10.2.2 Disorders of fructose metabolism.
11
The glycobiology of microbial infectious disease
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Carbohydrate-involved virulence factors
11.2.1 Microbial lectins
11.2.1.1 Helicobacter pylori lectins
11.2.1.2 Influenzavirus hemagglutinin
11.2.2 Bacterial toxins
11.2.2.1 Cholera toxin
11.2.2.2 Shiga toxin
11.2.3 Invasins
11.2.4 Lipopolysaccharides and lipooligosaccharides
11.2.4.1 Lipid A
11.2.4.2 Core oligosaccharide
11.2.4.3 Campylobacter jejuni LOS and molecular mimicry
11.2.4.4 O-specific polysaccharide of LPS
11.2.4.5 H. pylori LPS and persistent colonization
11.2.5 Capsular polysaccharides
11.2.6 Biofilms
11.2.6.1 Biofilms and exopolysaccharides
11.2.6.1.1 Poly-N-acetylglucosamine
11.2.6.1.2 Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm EPSs
11.2.6.2 Biofilms and lectins
11.2.6.2.1 Pseudomonas aeruginosa lectins
11.3 Current carbohydrate-based antimicrobial therapeutics and prophylactics
11.3.1 Bacterial polysaccharide vaccines
11.3.1.1 Neisseria meningitidis CPS vaccines
11.3.2 Antibiotics
11.3.3 Carbohydrate-based therapeutics
11.3.3.1 Neuraminidase inhibitors for influenza treatment
11.4 Current research and development for carbohydrate-based antimicrobial strategies
11.4.1 Polysaccharide vaccines
11.4.1.1 PNAG as a "universal" vaccine candidate
11.4.2 Anti-adhesion therapeutics
11.4.2.1 Uropathogenic Escherichia coli FimH and PapG
11.5 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
4
Glycotechnologies
12
Elucidation of the structure of carbohydrates and their interactions by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Assignment of carbohydrate resonances
12.3 Study of carbohydrate conformations
12.4 NMR tools for analyzing the interplay between carbohydrates and proteins
References.
13
Development of glycosensors and their applications.