Insulin : deficiency, excess and resistance in human disease /
Insulin: Deficiency, Excess and Resistance in Human Disease provides an overview of the role of insulin in the pathogenesis of prevalent non-communicable diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer, along with a comprehensive review of insulin replacement therapies...
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| Format: | eBook |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
[S.l.] :
Academic Press,
2023.
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Connect to the full text of this electronic book |
Table of Contents:
- Front Cover
- Insulin
- Copyright Page
- Contents
- List of contributors
- Foreword
- Preface
- 1 Normal physiology: insulin secretion and insulin action
- 1 Insulin biosynthesis and release in health and disease
- Insulin biosynthesis
- The insulin gene-comparative physiology
- Transcriptional regulation of insulin gene expression
- Metabolic regulation of insulin gene expression
- Regulation of preproinsulin transcript stability
- Regulation of translation of the preproinsulin transcript
- Regulation of the processing of the preproinsulin peptide
- Insulin release
- Concluding remarks
- References
- 2 Classic metabolic actions of insulin in humans: from physiology to disease and novel pharmacotherapeutics
- Introduction
- Insulin structure and synthesis
- Physiological actions of action
- Insulin transport and the insulin receptor
- Cellular insulin signaling
- Metabolic actions of insulin in classic target tissues
- Carbohydrate metabolism
- Lipid metabolism
- Protein metabolism
- Insulin dose-response considerations
- Carbohydrate metabolism
- Regulation of the postabsorptive metabolic state
- Response to oral glucose ingestion or mixed meals
- Lipid metabolism
- Fasting state
- Postprandial state
- Nonclassic roles of adipocytes: implications for insulin action and cardiometabolic disease
- Brown adipose tissue
- Amino acid and protein metabolism
- Clinical states of acute metabolic decompensation associated with insulin deficiency
- Diabetic ketoacidosis
- Hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state
- References
- 3 Nonclassic effects of insulin: physiological actions on the vascular tissues and pathophysiological contributions to athe...
- Introduction
- Overview of insulin and cardiovascular disease
- Effects of insulin on the vascular tissues and atherogenesis.
- Congenital disorders of glycosylation
- Diagnosis
- Diagnostic evaluation
- Genetic testing
- Management
- Medical therapy
- 18F-DOPA PET
- Surgery
- Diazoxide unresponsive diffuse hyperinsulinism
- Outcomes
- Glycemic outcomes
- Neurologic outcomes
- Conclusion
- References
- 9 Hypoglycemic disorders in adults
- Clinical manifestations
- Causes of hypoglycemia
- Hypoglycemia in the setting of diabetes therapy
- Diagnostic evaluation
- Who to evaluate?
- Diagnostic approach
- The supervised fast
- Interpretation of data
- Postprandial evaluation
- Localization studies
- Management
- Insulinoma
- Medical management
- Diazoxide
- Somatostatin analogs
- Other medications
- Other therapies
- Postgastric bypass hypoglycemia
- NIPHS
- Recurrence, survival, and surveillance
- Conclusion
- References
- 2c Insulin resistance in human disease
- 10 Obesity and insulin resistance: pathophysiology guiding precision therapy
- Introduction
- Insulin resistance: substrates and genetics
- Effect of adiposity on hepatic and extrahepatic insulin action
- Insulin suppression of lipolysis
- Insulin suppression of glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis
- Effects of nonglucose nutrients on insulin secretion and action in people with prediabetes
- Insulin secretion, action, glucose effectiveness and postprandial glucose metabolism in type 2 diabetes
- Splanchnic glucose uptake and splanchnic glucose production
- Nocturnal regulation of glucose homeostasis in type 2 diabetes
- Effects of cortisol and glucagon on nocturnal glucose production in type 2 diabetes
- Therapeutic approaches
- Summary and conclusions
- References
- 11 The cardiometabolic syndrome and vascular disease: pivotal role of insulin
- Introduction
- Pathophysiology of atherosclerosis
- Role of insulin resistance in atherosclerosis.
- Role of insulin resistance and hyperglycemia in microvascular disease
- Genetic and epigenetic associations with insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease
- Clinical features of cardiometabolic syndrome and insulin resistance
- Prevention of diabetes and ASCVD
- Medical therapies for primary prevention and treatment of metabolic syndrome components: a brief overview
- Treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus
- Conclusions
- References
- 12 Insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, and cancer: pathogenic considerations and therapeutic opportunities
- Introduction
- Visceral adipose tissue, inflammation, and insulin resistance
- Insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia and cancer: epidemiologic links
- Visceral obesity, metabolic syndrome, and cancer
- Insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, and cancer
- Insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, and cancer: mechanisms
- Systemic inflammation
- The insulin IGF-1 axis
- Insulin and IGF-1
- Insulin, IGF-1, and the tumor microenvironment
- Sex steroids
- Insulin and the gut microbiome
- Therapeutic considerations
- Exogenous insulin
- Insulin and cancer prevention
- Diet, exercise, and intentional weight loss
- Pharmacologic therapies
- Hyperinsulinemia and cancer cachexia
- Summary
- Funding
- Conflict of interest
- References
- 13 Insulin and neurodegenerative diseases
- Introduction
- The brain is an insulin-sensitive organ
- Receptor expression in the brain
- Insulin production and transport across the blood-brain barrier
- Insulin and insulin-like signaling in the brain
- Control of cellular metabolism by insulin
- Abnormalities associated with dysregulated insulin/IGF-1 signaling
- AD brains show insulin and IGF1 resistance
- Sources of brain insulin resistance in neurodegeneration
- Diabetes interventions for the prevention or treatment of neurodegeneration
- Conclusions.