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Traditional and Novel Adsorbents for Antibiotics Removal from Wastewater
Traditional and Novel Adsorbents for Antibiotics Removal from Wastewater describes, in detail, the importance of removing antibiotics from aqueous systems, along with new information on their variation, solubility, toxicology and allowable concentration in groundwater. The book covers adsorption as an applicable method, highlighting its advantages and disadvantages. It investigates various adsorbents ranging from traditional activated carbons, modified forms of clays, metal oxides, polymer resins, and more advanced materials such as graphene-based, MOF, nano-matrices, and composite materials as potential sorbents for the adsorption of antibiotics from aqueous solutions. In addition, the book covers biological microorganisms that have been used to remove antibiotics from wastewater and presents biopolymers, biowaste and living cells potentially and practically suitable for this purpose. For all adsorbents, the book explains preparation methods, main properties, modification techniques to increase antibiotic removal efficiency, mechanisms in antibiotic removal, advantages and limitations. It also presents adsorption-desorption in batch and continuous mode, optimized operating parameters, kinetic and equilibrium adsorption, and regeneration studies.
Front Cover -- Traditional and Novel Adsorbents for Antibiotics Removal from Wastewater -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- List of contributors -- 1. Adsorption: a reliable solution for emerging contaminants removal -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Antibiotics as emerging contaminants -- 1.2.1 Antibiotics -- 1.2.2 How do antibiotics reach the environment? -- 1.2.3 Antibiotic resistance genes -- 1.2.4 Antibiotic occurrences in surface and groundwater sources -- 1.3 Antibiotic removal technologies -- 1.3.1 Physical treatment methods -- 1.3.1.1 Membrane processes -- 1.3.1.2 Adsorption process
1.3.2 Chemical treatment methods -- 1.3.2.1 Ozonation -- 1.3.2.2 Fenton oxidation -- 1.3.2.3 Photodegradation -- 1.3.2.4 Wet oxidation -- 1.3.2.5 Electrochemical process -- 1.3.3 Biological technologies -- 1.3.3.1 Anaerobic digestion process -- 1.3.3.2 Activated sludge process -- 1.3.3.3 Constructed wetland -- 1.3.3.4 Sequencing batch reactor -- 1.3.3.5 Membrane bioreactor process -- 1.3.3.6 Filter-based biological system -- 1.3.4 Hybrid systems -- 1.3.4.1 Physical/chemical methods combination -- 1.3.4.2 Chemical/biological methods combination -- 1.3.4.3 Physical/biological methods combination
1.4 Adsorption -- 1.4.1 Adsorbent -- 1.4.1.1 Carbon-based adsorbents -- 1.4.1.2 Clay-based adsorbents -- 1.4.1.3 Novel adsorbents -- 1.4.1.4 Biosorbents -- 1.4.2 Characterization of adsorbents -- 1.4.2.1 Physical properties -- 1.4.2.1.1 Density -- 1.4.2.1.2 Adsorbent shape and particle size -- 1.4.2.1.3 Pressure drop -- 1.4.2.1.4 Mechanical resistance -- 1.4.2.1.5 Thermal resistance -- 1.4.2.2 Surface properties -- 1.4.2.2.1 Fluid flow-based methods -- 1.4.2.3 Chemical properties -- 1.4.2.3.1 Elemental composition -- 1.4.2.3.2 Surface heterogeneity and functional groups
1.4.2.3.3 Surface charge -- 1.4.2.4 Other properties -- 1.4.3 Adsorption modes -- 1.4.3.1 Batch mode -- 1.4.3.2 Continuous and semicontinuous mode -- 1.4.4 Adsorption modeling -- 1.4.4.1 Kinetic models -- 1.4.4.2 Equilibrium models -- 1.4.4.3 Thermodynamic models -- References -- 2. Adsorption process of antibiotics by carbon-based adsorbents -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.1.1 Carbon materials' classifications -- 2.1.2 Carbon materials' properties as adsorbent -- 2.2 Methods -- 2.2.1 Preparation of carbon materials -- 2.2.1.1 Charcoal, biochar, and carbon black -- 2.2.1.1.1 Charcoal
2.2.1.1.2 Biochar -- 2.2.1.2 Activated carbon and activated carbon fiber -- 2.2.1.2.1 Activated carbon -- 2.2.1.2.2 Activated carbon preparation methods -- 2.2.1.2.3 Activated carbon fiber -- 2.2.1.3 Nanocarbon materials -- 2.2.1.3.1 Graphene (two-dimensional) and its compounds -- 2.2.1.3.2 Carbon nanotube/nanofiber (one-dimensional) -- 2.2.1.4 Novel carbons -- 2.2.1.4.1 Porous carbon prepared by unconventional methods -- 2.2.2 Modification of carbon materials -- 2.2.2.1 Acid treatment and introduction of O-containing groups -- 2.2.2.2 Alkaline treatment
Description based upon print version of record.
2.2.2.3 Introduction of N-containing groups