http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3 http://www.loc.gov/standards/mods/v3/mods-3-2.xsd
Migraine biology, diagnosis, and co-morbidities
This book covers a wide range of issues related to migraine. The epidemiology, global, and personal impacts of migraine are covered, including topics on the pathophysiology of migraine and migraine aura, the pathophysiology of the associated symptoms of photophobia and phonophobia, and the genetics of migraine. The classification and diagnostic criteria of common and uncommon subtypes of migraine are also explored in detail, including childhood variants. Issues related to the diagnosis and management of vestibular migraine and the co-morbid disorder of persistent postural-perceptual dizziness are also covered. Finally, the important comorbidities of migraine such as anxiety, depression and other forms of chronic pain are discussed, along with the current state and future directions of migraine research and management.
Intro -- Migraine Biology, Diagnosis, and Co-Morbidities -- Copyright -- Handbook of Clinical Neurology 3rd Series -- Foreword -- Preface -- Contributors -- Contents -- Section I: Migraine: The human and societal impact -- Chapter 1: History of migraine -- Introduction -- Headache in Babylon -- Ancient Egypt -- Greco-Roman Period -- Late Antiquity and Islamic Medicine -- Medieval Period -- 16th and 17th Centuries -- 18th Century -- 19th Century -- Visual auras of scientists -- Vascular theories of Du Bois-Reymond and Brown-Séquard -- Introduction of ergot for migraine -- Connecting migraine and epilepsy: Hughlings Jackson and Gowers -- Charcot on migraine ophthalmique -- Electricity and other physical treatments for migraine -- 20th Century -- Ergotamine and vasomotor pathophysiology -- Cranial pain-sensitive structures -- Aura and cortical spreading depression -- Elaborating on the vasodilation concept: 5-HT -- Spreading oligemia and CSD -- Ergotamine overuse and chronic migraine -- Neurogenic inflammation -- Headache classification -- New drugs based on 5-HT and CGRP -- Brainstem generator -- Genetics and migraine as channelopathy -- Allodynia and migraine therapy -- Migraine, famous people and the arts -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 2: Societal and personal impact of migraine -- Background and Introduction -- Personal Impact of Migraine, the Invisible Illness -- Anxiety and depression -- Relational burden -- Interictal burden -- Societal Impact of Migraine -- Impact on work activities -- Stigma -- Economic burden -- References -- Further reading -- Chapter 3: Epidemiology of migraine -- Global Estimates of Prevalence and Incidence -- Geographical, Racial, and Ethnic Variation in Prevalence -- Frequency of Migraine Days -- Age and Sex -- Socioeconomic Status -- Educational Attainment -- Medical Comorbidity and Genetics.
Migraine in Adolescence and Childhood -- Conclusion -- References -- Section II: Biology of migraine -- Chapter 4: The anatomy of head pain -- Introduction -- Pain-Sensitive Structures -- Scalp -- Cranial bone and periosteum -- Sensory nerves for head/neck -- Pain referral patterns from intracranial and extracranial vessels -- Superficial vessels -- Meningeal/dural arteries -- Cortical and penetrating arteries -- Large cerebral arteries -- Veins -- Role of vessels in migraine -- Dural innervation and patterns of pain referral -- Sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation -- Ventricles and choroid plexus -- Meningeal afferents -- Central Trigeminal Pathways -- Overview of the trigeminal nuclear complex -- Trigeminal nucleus caudalis -- Brainstem targets of the trigeminocervical complex -- Trigeminothalamic pathways -- Trigeminal nociceptive input to the thalamus -- Cortical representation of craniofacial sensation -- Neural pathways for photophobia -- Role of hypothalamic connections -- Pathways for central modulation of craniofacial pain -- Abnormal plasticity and network interactions as a substrate for craniofacial pain -- Abnormal functional connectivity in pain modulatory networks in migraine -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 5: Migraine headache pathophysiology -- Introduction -- The Trigeminal System and Ascending Pathways -- Descending Control of Trigeminal Central Processing -- Pharmacology of the Trigeminal System -- Glutamate -- CGRP and other neuropeptides -- Peripheral and Central Sensitization -- From the Premonitory Phase to Migraine Headache-Unanswered Questions -- References -- Chapter 6: Pathophysiology of migraine aura -- Introduction -- Historical theories of migraine aura pathophysiology -- Functional imaging in aura -- Genetics of migraine aura -- Genomic wide association studies (GWAS) in migraine with aura.
Relationship of CSD/aura and meningeal nociception -- Conclusions and future directions -- References -- Chapter 7: Genetics of migraine: Delineation of contemporary understanding of the genetic underpinning of migraine -- Introduction1 -- Genetic Epidemiology of Migraine -- Approaches to Discover Migraine Genes -- Genetic Studies in Common Types of Migraine -- Linkage studies -- Affected sib pair analysis -- Candidate gene association studies -- Genome-wide association studies -- Shared Genetic Architecture for Migraine With Aura and Migraine Without Aura -- The Missing Heritability of Common Migraine -- Structural variation -- Mitochondrial DNA -- Epigenetic mechanisms -- Gene-gene and gene-environment interactions -- Shared Genetic Architecture of Migraine With Other Brain Disorders -- Genetic correlation between migraine and psychiatric disorders -- Genetic correlation between migraine and neurologic disorders -- Investigating Monogenic Migraine Syndromes -- Hemiplegic migraine -- Hemiplegic migraine type 1 is caused by mutations in CACNA1A -- Hemiplegic migraine type 2 is caused by mutations in ATP1A2 -- Hemiplegic migraine type 3 is caused by mutations in SCN1A -- Are there more genes for HM? -- Monogenic Disorders in Which Migraine Plays a Prominent Part in the Clinical Phenotype -- Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy -- Retinal vasculopathy with cerebral leukoencephalopathy and systemic manifestations -- Dutch-type hereditary cerebral amyloid angiopathy -- COL4A1-related disorders -- Familial advanced sleep phase syndrome -- Retinal dystrophy, optic nerve edema, splenomegaly, anhidrosis, and migraine headache -- Mitochondrial disorders -- Other Genes Implicated in Migraine Syndromes -- PRRT2 -- SLC1A3 -- SLC4A4 -- Scientific Insights From Genetic Studies in Monogenic Migraine Syndromes.
Insights from functional studies in hemiplegic migraine -- Functional consequences of hemiplegic migraine type 1 mutations -- Functional consequences of hemiplegic migraine type 2 mutations -- Functional consequences of hemiplegic migraine type 3 mutations -- Insights from functional studies in other monogenic migraine models -- Clinical Perspective: Relevance of Genetic Findings in Clinical Practice -- Future Perspectives -- References -- Chapter 8: What imaging has revealed about migraine and chronic migraine -- Introduction -- Imaging the Migraine Cycle -- Imaging the premonitory phase -- Imaging the aura phase -- Imaging the headache phase -- Imaging the interictal phase -- Imaging the Chronic Migraine Brain -- Understanding Migraine Treatments Mechanisms of Action Using Imaging Techniques -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 9: What has neurophysiology revealed about migraine and chronic migraine? -- Introduction -- Cortical Hyperresponsivity -- Abnormal Processing of Painful Information -- Abnormal Cognitive Elaboration of Sensory Information (ERP) -- Abnormal Cortical Plasticity -- Migraine Chronification -- Genetic Vulnerability -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 10: Migraine prodromes and migraine triggers -- Introduction -- Clinical Characteristics -- Migraine prodrome -- Prevalence of prodromes -- Origins and phenotypes of prodromes -- Reliability of the prodromal symptoms in predicting upcoming headaches -- Is early treatment during the prodromal phase well-grounded? -- Triggers of migraine attacks -- Common triggers of migraine, internal or external -- Trigger rate of specific triggers: How reliable are the triggers? -- Clinical correlation between typical premonitory symptoms and triggers -- Interrelationship of Migraine Triggers and Migraine Prodrome: Pathophysiology -- Evidence from neuroimaging.
Neuronal networks of premonitory symptoms: The hypothalamus -- Appetite and food intake -- Circadian rhythm and sleep regulation -- Mood change and stress response -- Menstruation -- Neuronal networks of premonitory symptoms: Thalamus and cortex -- Threshold model of migraine -- Conclusion -- References -- Section III: Migraine diagnosis -- Chapter 11: Migraine without aura -- Introduction -- Diagnosis -- Migraine attack frequency: Episodic and chronic migraine -- Probable migraine without aura -- Comorbid tension-type headache -- Comorbid migraine with aura -- Differential diagnosis and migraine mimics -- Screening tools -- Migraine Phases -- Prodrome -- Aura and headache phase -- Postdromal phase -- Interictal phase -- Migraine Symptomatology -- Headache -- Nonpainful ICHD-3 symptoms -- Nausea and vomiting -- Light and sound hypersensitivity -- Hypersensitivity to movement and aggravation by movement -- Nonpainful non-ICHD-3 symptoms -- Hypersensitivity to other stimuli -- Neck discomfort -- Visual symptoms -- Cognitive and psychological symptoms -- Gastrointestinal symptoms -- Vestibular symptoms -- Urological symptoms -- Cranial autonomic symptoms -- Motor symptoms -- Triggers -- Pediatric Migraine Without Aura -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 12: Migraine with aura -- Introduction -- Historical Remarks -- Epidemiology -- Clinical Features of the Migraine Auras -- Migraine with typical aura -- Brainstem aura -- Hemiplegic migraine -- Retinal aura -- Other Aura-Like Manifestations in Migraine -- Aura in Other Headache Disorders -- Complications of Migraine Aura -- Persistent aura without infarction -- Migrainous infarction -- Migraine aura-triggered seizure -- Confusional migraine -- Risk factor for vascular events -- Differential Diagnosis -- Vascular events -- Transient global amnesia (TGA) -- Epileptic seizures -- Charles Bonnet syndrome.
edited by Jerry W. Swanson, Manjit Matharu.
Handbook of Clinical Neurology ; volume 198