Table of Contents:
  • Front Cover
  • Global Regulatory Outlook for CRISPRized Plants
  • Copyright Page
  • Contents
  • List of contributors
  • About the editors
  • Preface to the series
  • Preface
  • 1 Regulations of genome edited plants: notes from editors
  • 1.1 Introduction
  • 1.2 Genetically modified organisms versus CRISPR-edited crops
  • 1.2.1 Genetic engineering
  • 1.2.2 Gene editing
  • 1.2.3 CRISPR: a splendid gift from nature
  • 1.3 Regulation of genetically modified organisms (product based, process based, and plant novel traits)
  • 1.3.1 Regulatory classification of genome-edited plants (SDN1, SDN2, and SDN3)
  • 1.3.1.1 Site-directed nuclease 1 systems
  • 1.3.1.2 Site-directed nuclease 2 systems
  • 1.3.1.3 Site-directed nuclease 3 systems
  • 1.4 Regulation and deregulation of CRISPR-edited plants
  • 1.4.1 Policies and governance issues
  • 1.4.1.1 Policies
  • 1.4.1.2 Governance
  • 1.4.2 Social and economic effects
  • 1.5 Aspects of global regulation concerning CRISPR-edited plants
  • 1.6 Regulatory challenges: questions need answers
  • 1.7 Conclusion
  • References
  • 2 CRISPR/Cas systems and techniques
  • 2.1 Introduction
  • 2.2 Evolution of CRISPR-Cas technology
  • 2.3 Action mechanism of CRISPR-Cas9
  • 2.4 CRISPR-Cas systems
  • 2.4.1 Cas3
  • 2.4.2 Cas9
  • 2.4.3 Cas10
  • 2.5 Recent advances in CRISPR technology
  • 2.5.1 Cytosine base editing
  • 2.5.2 Adenine base editing
  • 2.5.3 Prime editing
  • 2.6 Important applications
  • 2.6.1 Genome editing
  • 2.6.2 CRISPR-based disease therapy
  • 2.6.3 CRISPR-based biosensor
  • 2.6.4 CRISPR/Cas system in plant improvement
  • 2.7 Conclusion and outlook
  • Acknowledgment
  • Conflict of interest
  • References
  • 3 Applications of CRISPR/Cas in plants
  • 3.1 Introduction
  • 3.2 Mechanism of CRISPR/Cas-based genome editing
  • 3.2.1 Adaptation
  • 3.2.2 crRNA maturation
  • 3.2.3 Interference
  • 3.3 Application of CRISPR/Cas in plants
  • 3.3.1 Quality and yield enhancement
  • 3.3.2 Biotic resistance
  • 3.3.3 Abiotic stress tolerance
  • 3.4 Breeding technologies
  • 3.5 CRISPR biosafety and regulatory concerns
  • 3.6 Conclusions and future outlooks
  • Acknowledgments
  • Conflict of interest
  • References
  • 4 Reagents and their delivery systems in CRISPR/Cas
  • 4.1 Introduction
  • 4.2 Delivery via microinjection
  • 4.3 Delivery via electroporation
  • 4.4 Delivery via hydrodynamic injection
  • 4.5 Viral delivery
  • 4.6 Nonviral delivery methods
  • 4.6.1 Encapsulation by lipids
  • 4.6.2 Cell-penetrating peptides
  • 4.6.3 Gold nanoparticles
  • 4.6.4 DNA nanoclew
  • 4.7 Delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 by extracellular vesicles
  • 4.8 Other potential and emerging delivery methods for CRISPR/Cas
  • 4.8.1 Induced transduction by osmocytosis and propanebetaine
  • 4.8.2 Streptolysin O-mediated delivery
  • 4.9 Future perspectives
  • 4.10 Conclusions
  • Acknowledgments
  • References
  • 5 Regulatory triggers of CRISPR-edited crops
  • 5.1 Introduction