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Flexoelectricity in Ceramics and Their Application
Flexoelectricity is the ability of materials to generate a voltage when they are bent or, conversely, to bend under voltage. Flexoelectricity can be present in all materials; however, the magnitude of the flexoelectric coefficients is so small that flexoelectricity is virtually imperceptible on the human scale. The book's objective is to look at the flexoelectric effect in ceramics for various applications point of view such as sensor, actuator and energy harvesting etc. It briefly discusses the flexoelectric effect theories and models with the latest development in this field. Several methods are discussed to increase the flexoelectric effect in ferroelectric and other ceramics. It focused on the latest development in various possible applications such as flexopyroelectric, flexocaloric and nano energy generators. Apart from these, it will also discuss the inverse flexoelectric effect, flexoelectric effect in 2D materials, ambiguities and controversies in this field. This book resolved many questions related to flexoelectricity and made significant discoveries with profound implications beyond flexoelectricity, in such diverse areas as caloric or MEMS devices, etc. It covers the most recent breakthroughs in nano-generator, composite-based ceramics to maximize energy harvesting and storage. Therefore, this book will be handy for a researcher working in this direction of ceramics and can be a reference book for allied specializations. It will open a new approach to using the flexoelectric effect in various ceramics and varieties of applications.
Front Cover -- Flexoelectricity in Ceramics and Their Application -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- List of contributors -- Preface -- 1 Flexoelectricity theories and modeling in ceramics -- 1.1 Introduction: development and modeling of flexoelectricity theories -- 1.2 Macroscopic theories -- 1.2.1 Phenomenological theory -- 1.2.2 Continuum mechanics of flexoelectricity and its application -- 1.2.3 Case study 1: Electromechanical response of ceramic beams considering flexoelectric effect -- 1.2.4 Case study 2: Electromechanical response of ceramic beams with flexoelectric and surface effects
1.2.5 Case study 3: Electromechanical response of ceramics plate considering flexoelectric effect -- 1.2.5.1 Static response of plates -- 1.2.5.2 Dynamic response of plates -- 1.3 Microscopic theories -- 1.3.1 Classical microscopic theories -- 1.3.2 First-principles theories -- 1.4 Continuum and atomistic modeling of flexoelectric effects -- 1.4.1 Continuum mechanics modeling for ceramic-based composites including functionally graded materials -- 1.4.2 Glimpse of finite element modeling for considering flexoelectric effect -- 1.4.3 Phase-field method
1.4.3.1 Domain structures modified using flexoelectric effect -- 1.4.3.2 Domain wall structures intricate due to the flexoelectric effect -- 1.4.3.3 Mechanical switching of polarization using flexoelectric effect -- 1.4.4 Atomistic modeling and molecular dynamics simulations -- 1.5 Flexoelectric constants of various ceramics measured by experimental studies -- 1.6 Numerical results and discussions -- 1.6.1 Electromechanical response of structures -- 1.6.1.1 Static response of ceramic plates -- 1.6.1.2 Dynamic response of ceramic plates -- 1.7 Concluding remarks, outlook, and perspectives
Acknowledgments -- References -- 2 Flexoelectricity in BaTiO3-based ceramics -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Electromechanical effects -- 2.3 Flexoelectric effect in barium titanate ceramic -- 2.4 Measurement of flexoelectric coefficients -- 2.5 Temperature dependence of flexoelectric effect -- 2.6 Summary and outlook -- Acknowledgment -- References -- 3 Flexoelectricity in SrTiO3-based ceramics -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Different methods for evaluation/measurements of flexoelectricity SrTiO3 -- 3.2.1 Theoretical methods for understanding flexoelectricity in SrTiO3
3.2.2 Experimental methods for identification/measurement of flexoelectricity -- 3.3 Flexoelectric effect in strontium titanate -- 3.4 Strontium titanate-based flexoelectric materials -- 3.5 Effect of processing parameters -- 3.6 Summary and outlook -- References -- 4 Flexoelectricity in lead-based ceramics: theories and progress -- 4.1 Phenomenon of flexoelectricity in lead-based ceramic -- 4.2 Progress in theories of lead-based flexoelectricity -- 4.3 Advancement in lead-based flexoelectricity quantification -- 4.3.1 Methods of experimentation for lead-based materials -- 4.3.2 Semiempirical calculations.
Description based upon print version of record.
Elsevier Series on Advanced Ceramic Materials Series