2D materials-based electrochemical sensors /

"2D Materials-Based Electrochemical Sensors presents electrochemical and biosensor applications of 2D materials and addresses their fundamental properties, sensing mechanisms and fabrication approaches. The book also includes recent theoretical and experimental investigations. Other sections co...

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Bibliographic Details
Corporate Author:	ScienceDirect (Online service)
Other Authors:	Rout, Chandra Sekhar (Editor)
Format:	eBook
Language:	English
Published:	Amsterdam ; San Diego : Elsevier, [2023]
Subjects:	Two-dimensional materials. Electrochemical sensors > Materials. Matériaux bidimensionnels. Détecteurs électrochimiques > Matériaux. Two-dimensional materials Electronic books.
Online Access:	Connect to the full text of this electronic book

Table of Contents:

Front Cover
2D Materials-Based Electrochemical Sensors
2D Materials-Based Electrochemical Sensors
Copyright
Dedication
Contents
Contributors
About the editor
Preface
Acknowledgments
1
Introduction
1. Unique properties of 2D materials for sensing
References
2
Working principle and sensing mechanism of electrochemical sensors
1. Sensing mechanism in potentiometric sensors
2. Ionophore-free ISE
3. Neutral-ionophore-based ISE
4. Charged ionophore-based ISE
5. The phase-boundary potential model
6. Sensing mechanism in amperometric sensors
7. Working mechanism of dissolved-oxygen sensors
8. Amperometric biosensors
9. Amperometric glucose biosensors
10. First-generation glucose biosensor
11. Second-generation glucose biosensor
12. Working mechanism of non-enzymatic glucose biosensors
13. Oxidation of glucose on platinum electrode at neutral pH (phosphate buffer)
14. Oxidation of glucose on platinum electrode in alkaline medium
15. Conductometric sensors
16. Mechanism for conductometric sensing
17. Conductance measurement
18. Enzyme based conductometric sensors
19. Polymer based conductometric sensors
20. 2D materials based conductometric sensors
21. Conductometric immunosensors
References
3
Two-dimensional materials (2DMs): classification, preparations, functionalization and fabrication of 2DMs-oriented elec ...
1. Introduction
2. Classification of 2DMs based on their intrinsic chemistry
2.1 Carbon skeleton oriented or graphene 2D material
2.1.1 Synthetic approach for GR
2.1.2 Functionalization of GR
2.2 Excluding carbon 2DMs
2.2.1 Hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN)
2.2.1.1 Hexagonal BN-oriented electrochemical sensors
2.2.1.2 Functionalization of h-BN 2DMs systems
2.2.2 Transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs).
2.2.2.1 Functionalization of TMDCs 2D materials
2.2.2.2 Functionalization of TMDCs vdWHs
2.2.3 Transition metal carbides/nitrides and carbo-nitrides (MXenes)
2.2.3.1 Functionalization of MXene 2D systems
2.2.4 Mono-elemental 2DMs (xenes)
2.2.4.1 Functionalization of xenes
2.2.4.2 Application of xenes
2.2.5 2D-metal organic frameworks (2D-MOFs)
2.2.6 Molecular based two-dimensional covalent organic frameworks (2D-COFs)
2.2.7 2D layered halide perovskites/organic-inorganic ultrathin 2DMs
2.2.8 Layered double metal hydroxides (LDHs)
2.2.9 2D layered transition metal oxides (LTMOs)/ultrathin 2D-oxides/transition metal oxides (TMO)
2.3 2D-van der Waal hetero-structures (2D-vdWHs) /hybrid 2D materials
2.3.1 Varied combination for heterostructures
2.3.2 Polymer oriented 2D heterostructures
3. Strategies for synthesis of two-dimensional materials
3.1 Top-down approach
3.1.1 Micromechanical exfoliation (MME)
3.1.1.1 Procedure of mechanical exfoliation method
3.1.2 Solution based exfoliation method
3.1.3 Liquid-phase exfoliation (LPE)
3.1.3.1 Procedure for LPE
3.1.4 Electrochemical exfoliation (ECE) of 2D materials
3.1.4.1 Procedure of ECE methods
3.1.5 Chemical/solvent intercalation and chemical exfoliation method (CEM)
3.1.5.1 Procedure for chemical/solvent intercalation and exfoliation
3.1.6 Oxidative exfoliation-reduction method
3.1.6.1 Procedure of oxidation exfoliation-reduction method
3.1.7 Destructive thinning and etching techniques (DTET)
3.1.7.1 Procedure for DTET
3.2 Bottom-up approach
3.2.1 Chemical vapor deposition (CVD)/vapor phase deposition
3.2.1.1 Procedure for CVD
3.2.2 Physical vapor deposition (PVD)
3.2.3 Vapor transport methods (VTMs)
3.2.3.1 Chemical vapor transport (CVT) method
3.2.3.2 Physical vapor transport (PVT).
3.2.3.3 Procedure of VTM
3.2.3.4 Modified vapor transport method
3.2.4 Wet chemical methods
3.3 Modern scale-up method: laser thinning for 2DMs synthesis
4. Functionalization of 2DMs systems
4.1 Well-established methods for 2DMs functionalization
4.2 Other methods for functionalization of 2DMs
5. Fabrication of 2D heterostructures (2DHs)
5.1 Deterministic transfer method
6. Defects in vdWHs
7. Characterization of two-dimensional materials
8. 2D materials oriented electrochemical sensors (ES) and their fabrication
8.1 2D MOFs-oriented electrochemical sensing units
8.2 Graphene as a sensing 2DMs
8.3 Special remark of electrochemical sensors as bio-sensing unit
9. Special area of 2DMs and van der waals heterostructures
10. Perspectives, challenges, and future directions
Acknowledgment
References
4
Importance of 2D materials for electrochemical sensors: theoretical perspectives
1. Introduction
2. Importance of theoretical simulation for sensing application
3. Overview of theoretical methods
3.1 Hohenberg-Kohn theorems
3.1.1 Hohenberg-Kohn theorems (I)
3.1.2 Hohenberg-Kohn theorems (II)
3.2 Kohn-Sham treatment
3.3 Kohn-Sham self consistent loop
3.4 Exchange-correlation functionals
4. Insights of theoretical simulations for sensing application
4.1 Adsorption coefficient
4.2 Adsorption energy
4.3 Charge transfer
4.4 Orbital interaction
4.5 Change in electronic and optical properties
5. Procedure and precautions in simulating 2D material
6. Recent theoretical work on
6.1 Graphene and elemental 2D
6.2 TMDC
6.3 MXene
6.4 Hybrid
7. Sensitivity of theoretical work
7.1 vdW correction (DFT-D2, D3)
7.2 Exchange-correlation functional
7.3 k-points and cutoff energy
8. Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References.
5
Graphene based materials for electrochemical sensing
1. Introduction
1.1 History of 2-D graphene and its related materials
1.2 History and basics of electrochemical (EC) sensors
1.3 Graphene materials based modified electrode for sensing applications
2. Types of graphene materials based electrochemical (EC) sensors
2.1 EC-chemical sensors
2.2 EC-gas sensors
2.3 Electrochemical small biomolecule sensor
2.4 EC-glucose sensors
2.5 EC DNA sensor
2.6 EC-immuno sensors
2.7 EC-clinical diagnosis
3. Summary
References
6
Transition metal dichalcogenides and hybrids for electrochemical sensing
1. Introduction
2. Packages used
3. Techniques for simulations of 2D material for sensing application
4. Sensing parameters
5. Adsorption configuration
6. Adsorption site
6.1 Adsorption energy
7. Charge transfer
8. Literature
8.1 Recent works on sensing gas/bio-molecules
9. Doped/defected TMDs sensors
10. Role of TMDCs in biosensing
11. Hybrid TMDC sensors
11.1 Sensitivity for theoretical results
12. Energy cut off
13. K-points
14. Exchange correlation functional
15. Dispersion corrections
16. Conclusion and future directions
References
7
MXene based materials for electrochemical sensing
1. Introduction
2. Fundamental properties of MXenes
3. Synthesis of MXenes
3.1 Etching with hydrofluoric acid
3.2 Etching in the presence of a fluoride salt
3.3 Delamination process
4. Importance of MXene's towards electrochemical sensing applications
5. Electrochemical sensing devices using MXene and its hybrid materials
5.1 Gas sensor
5.2 Biosensor
5.3 Analytical sensors
5.3.1 Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)
5.3.2 Cancer/proteins
5.3.3 Pesticides and fungicides
5.3.4 Metal ions and dyes
5.3.5 Drugs.
5.3.6 Hormonal and neural transmitters
6. Conclusion and future perspective
Acknowledgments
References
8
Two-dimensional hexagonal boron nitride (2D h-BN) and its hybrid structures for electrochemical sensing
1. Introduction
2. Two-dimensional h-BN
2.1 Nanomorphology
2.2 Electrical characteristics
2.3 Synthesis
3. Electrochemical sensing applications
4. Challenges and future trends
References
9
2D black phosphorous based electrochemical sensors
1. Introduction
2. Structural properties, characterizations and synthesis methods
2.1 Bulk-BP synthesis
2.2 Synthesis of BP nanosheets
2.3 Stabilization approaches for BP.
2.3.1 Covalent functionalization
2.3.2 Non-covalent functionalization
3. Electrochemical sensors based on BP
3.1 Electrochemical biosensors based on BP
3.1.1 Enzyme electrodes based on BP
3.1.2 Electrochemical aptasensors based on BP
3.1.3 Electrochemical immunosensors based on BP
3.1.4 Electrochemical sensors based on BP
4. Conclusion and future prospects
References
10
Recent development on self-powered and portable electrochemical sensors: 2D materials perspective
1. Introduction
Unique characteristics and properties of 2D materials
3. Efficient biomarkers for early disease diagnosis
4. 2D material-based sensor for environmental contaminants
5. Conclusion
References
11
2D materials-conducting polymers-based hybrids for electrochemical sensing
1. Introduction
2. Structure and properties of different conducting polymers
3. Synthesis of conducting polymers
4. Recent work on electrochemical sensing of gas/biomolecules with conducting polymers
4.1 Different sensing elements
4.2 Different polymers
4.3 Any challenges.