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Motor system disorders. Part I, Normal physiology and function and neuromuscular disorders /

Bibliographic Details
Corporate Author: ScienceDirect (Online service)
Other Authors: Younger, David S. (Editor)
Format: eBook
Language:English
Published: Amsterdam : Elsevier, [2023]
Series:Handbook of clinical neurology ; v.195.
Subjects:
Movement disorders.
Movement Disorders
Motor Skills > physiology
Troubles moteurs.
Movement disorders
Electronic books.
Online Access:Connect to the full text of this electronic book
Table of Contents:
  • Intro
  • Motor System Disorders, Part I: Normal Physiology and Function and Neuromuscular Disorders
  • Copyright
  • Handbook of Clinical Neurology 3rd Series
  • Foreword
  • Preface
  • Contributors
  • Contents
  • Section 1: Normal physiology and function
  • Chapter 1: Skeletal muscle structure, physiology, and function
  • Introduction
  • Skeletal Muscle Structure
  • Contractile Mechanisms
  • Muscle Fiber Types
  • Calcium Activation of Contraction
  • Skeletal Muscle Function
  • Neuromuscular Junction Structure and Development
  • Neurotransmission
  • Motor Unit Properties
  • Motor Unit Recruitment
  • References
  • Chapter 2: Upper and lower motor neuron neurophysiology and motor control
  • Introduction
  • Functional Motor Systems in Brain and Spinal Cord
  • Evolution of the Motor System
  • Motor Cortex
  • Organization and function
  • Local circuitries of the primary motor cortex are layer and cell-type specific
  • Sensory feedback
  • Force and speed control
  • Motor learning
  • Motor program
  • Mirror neuron system
  • Spinal Cord
  • Spinal descending motor pathways-Corticospinal tract
  • Motor unit activity
  • Spinal sensory input
  • Local functions of the spinal cord
  • Motor learning
  • The Cerebellum
  • The Lower Motor Neuron System
  • Conclusion
  • References
  • Chapter 3: Vestibular motor control
  • Overview
  • Vestibular Motor Control: Neuronal Coding in Alert Animals
  • Nonlinear &amp
  • Spike Timing Codes: Implications for Motor Control and the Restoration of Function
  • The Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex
  • Adaptation and compensation of the VOR
  • Vestibulospinal Reflex Pathways
  • Adaptation and compensation of postural reflexes
  • The Vestibular Cerebellum: Internal Models of Externally-Applied and Active Self-Motion
  • Flocculus and ventral paraflocculus
  • Anterior vermis (lobules I-V)
  • Nodulus/uvula of the posterior cerebellar vermis.
  • Compensation and Extra-Vestibular Sensory Substitution in Central Pathways: Implications for Motor Control
  • The unmasking of extra-vestibular information in early vestibular pathways
  • Cerebellar-dependent mechanisms for vestibular motor compensation
  • Voluntary Behavior: Steering, Reaching and Navigation
  • Reaching
  • Steering and navigation
  • References
  • Chapter 4: Autonomic failure: Clinicopathologic, physiologic, and genetic aspects
  • Overview
  • Historical background
  • Components of the autonomic nervous system
  • Sympathetic noradrenergic system
  • Sympathetic cholinergic system
  • Parasympathetic cholinergic system
  • Sympathetic adrenergic system
  • Parasympathetic and sympathetic outflow
  • Sympathetic organization and output
  • Parasympathetic organization and output
  • Autonomic Control of Bladder, Bowel and Sexual Function
  • Neuropathologic Characterization
  • Sympathetic ganglia
  • Parasympathetic ganglia
  • The aging autonomic nervous system
  • Baroreflexes, autonomic, and baroreceptor failure
  • Neurodegenerative Autonomic Failure
  • Involvement of central and peripheral autonomic components
  • Consensus statement and definitions
  • Orthostatic hypotension
  • Pure autonomic failure
  • Parkinson's disease with autonomic failure
  • Multiple system atrophy
  • Clinical and laboratory autonomic assessment
  • Autonomic symptom assessment and disability
  • Quantitative sudomotor axonal reflex test
  • Thermoregulatory sweat test
  • Head-up tilt table testing
  • Heart rate response to deep breathing
  • Valsalva maneuver
  • Cardiac radioisotopic denervation imaging
  • Supine and standing catecholamine levels
  • Skin biopsy
  • Electrodiagnostic studies
  • Autonomic reflex screen and the composite autonomic score
  • Multiple system atrophy
  • Overview
  • Pathophysiology
  • Classification
  • Autonomic failure.
  • Additional laboratory assessment
  • Pure autonomic failure
  • Historical turning points
  • Diagnosis
  • Selection for prospective cohort studies
  • Laboratory studies
  • Natural history and prognosis
  • Parkinson's disease
  • Overview
  • Autonomic failure in PD
  • Autonomic and neuropathological correlations
  • Treatment and management of autonomic failure
  • Orthostatic hypotension
  • Gastrointestinal dysfunction
  • Bladder, sexual and bowel dysfunction
  • Hereditary Sensory and Autonomic Neuropathies
  • Overview
  • Familial dysautonomia
  • Genetics
  • Postmortem studies
  • Sensory nervous system
  • Autonomic nervous system
  • Neurophysiology of autonomic failure
  • Baroreflex failure autonomic storms
  • Chemoreflex failure
  • Prognosis
  • Treatment of orthostatic hypotension
  • Nonpharmacologic therapy
  • Pharmacologic therapy
  • Treatment of vomiting attacks and hypertensive crises
  • Transient surges with everyday activities
  • Vomiting attacks with autonomic crises
  • Disease modifying therapy
  • Small molecules
  • Antisense oligonucleotides
  • Autoimmune Autonomic Failure
  • Background
  • Illustrative case with antemortem and postmortem pathology
  • Neurophysiology
  • Serology
  • Diagnosis and outcome
  • Outcome and management
  • Future Directions
  • References
  • Chapter 5: Gait control by the frontal lobe
  • Introduction11Abbreviations used in the chapter are listed at the end of the chapter before References section.
  • Frontal Lobe Control of Gait
  • Fundamental framework of posture-gait control
  • Cortical sensory-motor information processing
  • Core Posture Gait Mechanisms in the Brainstem and Spinal Cord
  • Locomotor regions
  • Descending brainstem-spinal cord pathways
  • Spinal locomotor network including the CPG
  • Functional Neuroanatomy of the Cortical Control of Behavior Expression
  • The prefrontal cortex.
  • Role of the prefrontal cortex in behavioral expression
  • Slow walking and FOG by disturbances in the prefrontal cortex
  • The premotor cortex
  • Functional organization of the premotor cortex
  • Role of the premotor-corticoreticular system in the posture-gait control
  • Functional organization of corticofugal projections to the brainstem and spinal cord
  • Possible Cortical Mechanisms of Human Posture-Gait Control
  • Upright standing posture
  • Gazing and orienting posture for attending to the target
  • Anticipatory postural adjustment (APA)
  • Initiating the first step
  • Posture-Gait Control by the Cerebellum, BG, and Emotional Systems
  • Cerebellar contribution to error detection
  • Contribution of the BG and DA system in the posture-gait control and its automatization
  • Involvement of emotional valence in freezing
  • References
  • Chapter 6: Parietal control of hand movement
  • Introduction
  • Parallel Visuomotor Processing
  • Sensorimotor Apraxia
  • Tactile apraxia
  • Optic ataxia
  • Localization
  • Limb Apraxia
  • Imitation deficits
  • Localization
  • Object use deficits
  • Affordances
  • Localization
  • Executive Apraxia
  • Localization
  • Treatments
  • Conclusion
  • References
  • Chapter 7: Immunology and microbiome: Implications for motor systems
  • Introduction
  • Immunology and Motor Systems
  • Overview of the immune system
  • The immune system in development &amp
  • physiology
  • The immune system in motor pathology
  • The immune system in Parkinson disease and atypical parkinsonian syndromes
  • The immune system in other basal ganglia-related movement disorders
  • The immune system in cerebellar ataxias
  • The immune system in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
  • The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis and Motor Systems
  • The microbiota-gut-brain axis: Role in physiology and pathology of motor systems.
  • The microbiota-gut-brain axis in Parkinson disease
  • The microbiota-gut-brain axis in Huntington disease
  • The microbiota-gut-brain axis in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
  • The microbiota-gut-brain axis in nondegenerative ``network´´ movement disorders
  • Conclusions
  • Future Directions
  • References
  • Chapter 8: COVID-19 (novel SARS-CoV-2) neurological illness
  • Background
  • Epidemiology
  • Zoonotic origin
  • Animal models
  • Disease definitions
  • Susceptibility to Infection
  • Acute COVID-19 Infection
  • COVID-19 Diagnostic Testing
  • Detecting viral RNA by RT-PCR
  • Detecting antibodies to SARS-CoV-2
  • Rapid point of care strategies
  • SARS-CoV-2 antigens: Comparison of rapid and standard tests
  • Neurological Presentation
  • Adults
  • Children
  • Cytokine Storm
  • Clinicopathological Correlation
  • Covid Variants
  • Immunotherapy
  • Hydroxychloroquine
  • Remdesivir
  • Monoclonal antibodies
  • Bamlanivimab and etesevimab
  • Casirivimab and imdevimab
  • Sotrovimab
  • Tixagevimab and cilgavimab
  • Nirmatrelvir
  • Corticosteroids
  • Convalescent Plasma
  • Intravenous immune globulin therapy
  • Interleukin-6 inhibition
  • Vaccination
  • Chronic Covid Illness
  • Long-Hauler and Long COVID
  • Postacute sequela of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC)
  • Neurodegeneration
  • Alzheimer disease
  • Parkinson disease
  • Multiple sclerosis
  • Neuropsychiatric illness
  • Conclusion
  • References
  • Section 2: Clinical and laboratory diagnosis
  • Chapter 9: Neurogenetic motor disorders
  • Introduction
  • Mitochondrial Genetics
  • Clinical Clues of a Neurogenetic Motor Disorder
  • Peripheral nervous system
  • Central nervous system
  • Hereditary cerebellar ataxias
  • Genetic Neurological Disorders
  • Muscular dystrophy
  • Congenital myasthenic syndrome
  • Presynaptic defects
  • Synaptic space defects
  • Postsynaptic defects
  • Endplate development and maintenance defects.