Motor system disorders. Part I, Normal physiology and function and neuromuscular disorders /

Bibliographic Details
Corporate Author: ScienceDirect (Online service)
Other Authors: Younger, David S. (Editor)
Format: eBook
Language:English
Published: Amsterdam : Elsevier, [2023]
Series:Handbook of clinical neurology ; v.195.
Subjects:
Online Access:Connect to the full text of this electronic book

MARC

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245 0 0 |a Motor system disorders.  |n Part I,  |p Normal physiology and function and neuromuscular disorders /  |c volume editor, David S. Younger. 
246 3 0 |a Normal physiology and function and neuromuscular disorders 
264 1 |a Amsterdam :  |b Elsevier,  |c [2023] 
264 4 |c ©2023 
300 |a 1 online resource (xviii, 808 pages) :  |b color illustrations 
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490 1 |a Handbook of clinical neurology ;  |v v. 195 
504 |a Includes bibliographical references and index. 
588 0 |a Description based on online resource; title from digital title page (ProQuest Ebook Central, viewed April 16, 2024). 
505 0 |a Intro -- Motor System Disorders, Part I: Normal Physiology and Function and Neuromuscular Disorders -- Copyright -- Handbook of Clinical Neurology 3rd Series -- Foreword -- Preface -- Contributors -- Contents -- Section 1: Normal physiology and function -- Chapter 1: Skeletal muscle structure, physiology, and function -- Introduction -- Skeletal Muscle Structure -- Contractile Mechanisms -- Muscle Fiber Types -- Calcium Activation of Contraction -- Skeletal Muscle Function -- Neuromuscular Junction Structure and Development -- Neurotransmission -- Motor Unit Properties -- Motor Unit Recruitment -- References -- Chapter 2: Upper and lower motor neuron neurophysiology and motor control -- Introduction -- Functional Motor Systems in Brain and Spinal Cord -- Evolution of the Motor System -- Motor Cortex -- Organization and function -- Local circuitries of the primary motor cortex are layer and cell-type specific -- Sensory feedback -- Force and speed control -- Motor learning -- Motor program -- Mirror neuron system -- Spinal Cord -- Spinal descending motor pathways-Corticospinal tract -- Motor unit activity -- Spinal sensory input -- Local functions of the spinal cord -- Motor learning -- The Cerebellum -- The Lower Motor Neuron System -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 3: Vestibular motor control -- Overview -- Vestibular Motor Control: Neuronal Coding in Alert Animals -- Nonlinear &amp -- Spike Timing Codes: Implications for Motor Control and the Restoration of Function -- The Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex -- Adaptation and compensation of the VOR -- Vestibulospinal Reflex Pathways -- Adaptation and compensation of postural reflexes -- The Vestibular Cerebellum: Internal Models of Externally-Applied and Active Self-Motion -- Flocculus and ventral paraflocculus -- Anterior vermis (lobules I-V) -- Nodulus/uvula of the posterior cerebellar vermis. 
505 8 |a Compensation and Extra-Vestibular Sensory Substitution in Central Pathways: Implications for Motor Control -- The unmasking of extra-vestibular information in early vestibular pathways -- Cerebellar-dependent mechanisms for vestibular motor compensation -- Voluntary Behavior: Steering, Reaching and Navigation -- Reaching -- Steering and navigation -- References -- Chapter 4: Autonomic failure: Clinicopathologic, physiologic, and genetic aspects -- Overview -- Historical background -- Components of the autonomic nervous system -- Sympathetic noradrenergic system -- Sympathetic cholinergic system -- Parasympathetic cholinergic system -- Sympathetic adrenergic system -- Parasympathetic and sympathetic outflow -- Sympathetic organization and output -- Parasympathetic organization and output -- Autonomic Control of Bladder, Bowel and Sexual Function -- Neuropathologic Characterization -- Sympathetic ganglia -- Parasympathetic ganglia -- The aging autonomic nervous system -- Baroreflexes, autonomic, and baroreceptor failure -- Neurodegenerative Autonomic Failure -- Involvement of central and peripheral autonomic components -- Consensus statement and definitions -- Orthostatic hypotension -- Pure autonomic failure -- Parkinson's disease with autonomic failure -- Multiple system atrophy -- Clinical and laboratory autonomic assessment -- Autonomic symptom assessment and disability -- Quantitative sudomotor axonal reflex test -- Thermoregulatory sweat test -- Head-up tilt table testing -- Heart rate response to deep breathing -- Valsalva maneuver -- Cardiac radioisotopic denervation imaging -- Supine and standing catecholamine levels -- Skin biopsy -- Electrodiagnostic studies -- Autonomic reflex screen and the composite autonomic score -- Multiple system atrophy -- Overview -- Pathophysiology -- Classification -- Autonomic failure. 
505 8 |a Additional laboratory assessment -- Pure autonomic failure -- Historical turning points -- Diagnosis -- Selection for prospective cohort studies -- Laboratory studies -- Natural history and prognosis -- Parkinson's disease -- Overview -- Autonomic failure in PD -- Autonomic and neuropathological correlations -- Treatment and management of autonomic failure -- Orthostatic hypotension -- Gastrointestinal dysfunction -- Bladder, sexual and bowel dysfunction -- Hereditary Sensory and Autonomic Neuropathies -- Overview -- Familial dysautonomia -- Genetics -- Postmortem studies -- Sensory nervous system -- Autonomic nervous system -- Neurophysiology of autonomic failure -- Baroreflex failure autonomic storms -- Chemoreflex failure -- Prognosis -- Treatment of orthostatic hypotension -- Nonpharmacologic therapy -- Pharmacologic therapy -- Treatment of vomiting attacks and hypertensive crises -- Transient surges with everyday activities -- Vomiting attacks with autonomic crises -- Disease modifying therapy -- Small molecules -- Antisense oligonucleotides -- Autoimmune Autonomic Failure -- Background -- Illustrative case with antemortem and postmortem pathology -- Neurophysiology -- Serology -- Diagnosis and outcome -- Outcome and management -- Future Directions -- References -- Chapter 5: Gait control by the frontal lobe -- Introduction11Abbreviations used in the chapter are listed at the end of the chapter before References section. -- Frontal Lobe Control of Gait -- Fundamental framework of posture-gait control -- Cortical sensory-motor information processing -- Core Posture Gait Mechanisms in the Brainstem and Spinal Cord -- Locomotor regions -- Descending brainstem-spinal cord pathways -- Spinal locomotor network including the CPG -- Functional Neuroanatomy of the Cortical Control of Behavior Expression -- The prefrontal cortex. 
505 8 |a Role of the prefrontal cortex in behavioral expression -- Slow walking and FOG by disturbances in the prefrontal cortex -- The premotor cortex -- Functional organization of the premotor cortex -- Role of the premotor-corticoreticular system in the posture-gait control -- Functional organization of corticofugal projections to the brainstem and spinal cord -- Possible Cortical Mechanisms of Human Posture-Gait Control -- Upright standing posture -- Gazing and orienting posture for attending to the target -- Anticipatory postural adjustment (APA) -- Initiating the first step -- Posture-Gait Control by the Cerebellum, BG, and Emotional Systems -- Cerebellar contribution to error detection -- Contribution of the BG and DA system in the posture-gait control and its automatization -- Involvement of emotional valence in freezing -- References -- Chapter 6: Parietal control of hand movement -- Introduction -- Parallel Visuomotor Processing -- Sensorimotor Apraxia -- Tactile apraxia -- Optic ataxia -- Localization -- Limb Apraxia -- Imitation deficits -- Localization -- Object use deficits -- Affordances -- Localization -- Executive Apraxia -- Localization -- Treatments -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 7: Immunology and microbiome: Implications for motor systems -- Introduction -- Immunology and Motor Systems -- Overview of the immune system -- The immune system in development &amp -- physiology -- The immune system in motor pathology -- The immune system in Parkinson disease and atypical parkinsonian syndromes -- The immune system in other basal ganglia-related movement disorders -- The immune system in cerebellar ataxias -- The immune system in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis -- The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis and Motor Systems -- The microbiota-gut-brain axis: Role in physiology and pathology of motor systems. 
505 8 |a The microbiota-gut-brain axis in Parkinson disease -- The microbiota-gut-brain axis in Huntington disease -- The microbiota-gut-brain axis in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis -- The microbiota-gut-brain axis in nondegenerative ``network´´ movement disorders -- Conclusions -- Future Directions -- References -- Chapter 8: COVID-19 (novel SARS-CoV-2) neurological illness -- Background -- Epidemiology -- Zoonotic origin -- Animal models -- Disease definitions -- Susceptibility to Infection -- Acute COVID-19 Infection -- COVID-19 Diagnostic Testing -- Detecting viral RNA by RT-PCR -- Detecting antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 -- Rapid point of care strategies -- SARS-CoV-2 antigens: Comparison of rapid and standard tests -- Neurological Presentation -- Adults -- Children -- Cytokine Storm -- Clinicopathological Correlation -- Covid Variants -- Immunotherapy -- Hydroxychloroquine -- Remdesivir -- Monoclonal antibodies -- Bamlanivimab and etesevimab -- Casirivimab and imdevimab -- Sotrovimab -- Tixagevimab and cilgavimab -- Nirmatrelvir -- Corticosteroids -- Convalescent Plasma -- Intravenous immune globulin therapy -- Interleukin-6 inhibition -- Vaccination -- Chronic Covid Illness -- Long-Hauler and Long COVID -- Postacute sequela of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC) -- Neurodegeneration -- Alzheimer disease -- Parkinson disease -- Multiple sclerosis -- Neuropsychiatric illness -- Conclusion -- References -- Section 2: Clinical and laboratory diagnosis -- Chapter 9: Neurogenetic motor disorders -- Introduction -- Mitochondrial Genetics -- Clinical Clues of a Neurogenetic Motor Disorder -- Peripheral nervous system -- Central nervous system -- Hereditary cerebellar ataxias -- Genetic Neurological Disorders -- Muscular dystrophy -- Congenital myasthenic syndrome -- Presynaptic defects -- Synaptic space defects -- Postsynaptic defects -- Endplate development and maintenance defects. 
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650 2 |a Movement Disorders 
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