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Wastewater-based epidemiology for the assessment of human exposure to environmental pollutants /

"Wastewater-based Epidemiology for the Assessment of Human Exposure to Environmental Pollutants discusses wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) and its use in risk assessment and monitoring of human exposure to hazardous pollutants and pathogens. The book explores the health impacts of organic an...

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Bibliographic Details
Corporate Author: ScienceDirect (Online service)
Other Authors: Dehghani, Mohammad Hadi (Editor), Karri, Rama Rao (Editor), Rousis, Nikolaos (Editor), Gracia-Lor, Emma (Editor)
Format: eBook
Language:English
Published: London, United Kingdom ; San Diego, CA : Academic Press, an imprint of Elsevier, [2023]
Subjects:
Sewage > Sampling.
Pollutants > Environmental aspects.
Sewage > Environmental aspects.
Viruses > Epidemiology.
Eaux usées > Échantillonnage.
Polluants > Aspect de l'environnement.
Eaux usées > Aspect de l'environnement.
Virus > Épidémiologie.
Pollutants > Environmental aspects
Sewage > Environmental aspects
Sewage > Sampling
Electronic books.
Online Access:Connect to the full text of this electronic book
Table of Contents:
  • Front Cover
  • Wastewater-Based Epidemiology for the Assessment of Human Exposure to Environmental Pollutants
  • Wastewater-Based Epidemiology for the Assessment of Human Exposure to Environmental Pollutants
  • Copyright
  • Dedication
  • Contents
  • Contributors
  • About the editors
  • Preface
  • Acknowledgments
  • 1
  • Wastewater-based epidemiology: Evidence mapping toward identifying emerging areas of research
  • 1.1 Introduction
  • 1.2 Material and methods
  • 1.2.1 Identification and selection of studies
  • 1.2.2 Inclusion criteria
  • 1.2.3 PRISMA flow diagram
  • 1.3 Results and discussion
  • 1.3.1 Analysis by continent and country
  • 1.3.2 Analysis by WBE biomarker class
  • 1.3.3 Analysis by year
  • 1.3.4 Analysis by category
  • 1.3.5 Analysis by journal
  • 1.3.6 Emerging areas of WBE research
  • 1.4 Challenges and limitations
  • 1.5 Conclusion
  • Conflict of Interest
  • Acknowledgment
  • References
  • 2
  • Moving beyond wastewater analysis toward epidemiology
  • 2.1 Introduction
  • 2.2 Drug consumption, metabolism, and excretion
  • 2.3 Wastewater sampling and analysis
  • 2.3.1 In sewer stability
  • 2.3.2 Sampling strategy
  • 2.3.3 Analytical method
  • 2.3.4 Calculation
  • 2.4 Beyond analysis toward epidemiology
  • 2.4.1 Incorporating doses
  • 2.4.2 Wastewater-based epidemiology and data linkage
  • 2.4.3 Future directions for WBE and best practice
  • 2.5 Conclusions
  • References
  • 3
  • Sampling techniques in wastewater-based epidemiology approach
  • 3.1 Introduction
  • 3.2 Active sampling
  • 3.2.1 Continuous
  • 3.2.1.1 Flow-proportional
  • 3.2.1.2 Constant
  • 3.2.2 Discrete
  • 3.2.2.1 Time proportional
  • 3.2.2.2 Flow and volume-proportional
  • 3.2.2.3 Grab sample
  • 3.2.2.4 Estimation of average wastewater concentrations of target compounds using discrete sampling
  • 3.2.3 Determination of sampling frequency.
  • 3.2.4 Analytical and sampling uncertainty
  • 3.3 Passive sampling
  • 3.3.1 Polar organic chemical integrative samplers (POCIS)
  • 3.3.1.1 Sorbents
  • 3.3.1.2 POCIS calibration (sampling rate)
  • 3.3.1.3 Analytical and sampling uncertainty
  • 3.3.1.4 Application of POCIS sampling
  • 3.4 Conclusion
  • References
  • 4
  • Assessment of in-sample and in-sewer stability of biomarkers in wastewater-based epidemiology: an important step
  • 4.1 Introduction
  • 4.2 Methodology used to evaluate biomarker stability
  • 4.3 In-sewer stabilities of biomarkers
  • 4.3.1 Traditional illicit drugs and new psychoactive substances
  • 4.3.2 Pharmaceuticals and metabolites
  • 4.3.3 Biomarkers of alcohol, tobacco, and sweeteners
  • 4.3.4 Pesticides, plasticizers, flame retardants, and UV filters
  • 4.3.5 Biomarkers for stress and diet
  • 4.4 In-sample stability of biomarkers and the selection of preservative methods
  • 4.5 Factors affecting the degradation of biomarkers
  • 4.5.1 Impact of wastewater pH, temperature, and suspended solids
  • 4.5.2 Impact of biological activities in sewers
  • 4.5.3 Modeling of biomarker degradation in the sewers with different catchment characteristics
  • 4.6 Implications for wastewater-based epidemiology
  • 4.7 Conclusions
  • Acknowledgement
  • References
  • 5
  • Population biomarkers for wastewater-based epidemiology
  • 5.1 Introduction
  • 5.2 Flow-the first proposed wastewater population biomarker
  • 5.3 What makes a good Wastewater-based epidemiology population marker?
  • 5.3.1 Hydrochemical parameters (BOD, COD, nitrogen, ammonium, and phosphorus) as population biomarkers
  • 5.3.2 Caffeine and creatinine as population biomarkers
  • 5.3.3 Endogenous chemicals as population biomarkers: the case of androstenedione, cholesterol, cortisol, coprostanol, and 5-HIAA
  • 5.3.4 Catecholamine metabolites as population biomarkers.
  • 5.3.5 Pharmaceuticals and an artificial sweetener as population biomarkers
  • 5.3.6 Calibration of a bayesian inference population estimation model
  • 5.3.7 Caffeine, nicotine, and their metabolites as population biomarkers
  • 5.3.8 Mobile device-based data as a population proxy
  • 5.3.9 Stability of population markers
  • 5.4 Summary and perspective: continuing the quest for identifying population biomarkers
  • Acknowledgements
  • References
  • 6
  • Wastewater-based epidemiology through pharmaceuticals as biochemical markers and associated challenges
  • 6.1 Introduction
  • 6.1.1 Need for infectious disease surveillance in growing urbanized nations
  • 6.2 Water fingerprinting through WBE: a new approach to evaluating public health
  • 6.2.1 The fundamentals of wastewater-based epidemiology
  • 6.2.2 Water fingerprinting: disease diagnosis for community-wide infection
  • 6.2.3 International scenarios associated with WBE
  • 6.2.4 Challenges of WBE
  • 6.2.4.1 Intricacy of wastewater matrix
  • 6.2.4.2 Estimation of population size
  • 6.2.5 Wastewater-based epidemiology on drugs
  • 6.2.6 Analytical methods
  • 6.3 Biomarkers of pharmaceuticals and personal care products
  • 6.3.1 Benzodiazepines
  • 6.3.2 Antidepressants
  • 6.3.3 Antibiotics and other antimicrobials
  • 6.3.4 Pharmaceutical opioids
  • 6.3.5 Asthma medicines and antihistamines
  • 6.3.6 Other pharmaceuticals
  • 6.3.7 Personal care products (PCP)
  • 6.4 Population biomarker: a paradigm for PPCPs prevalence
  • 6.4.1 Exogenous markers
  • 6.4.2 Endogenous markers
  • 6.4.3 Validators of population markers
  • 6.5 Limitations
  • 6.6 Conclusion
  • Acknowledgments
  • References
  • 7
  • The complexities associated with the detection of new psychoactive substances in wastewater
  • 7.1 Introduction
  • 7.2 Analytical methods
  • 7.2.1 Quantitative methods
  • 7.2.2 Qualitative methods.
  • 7.3 Considerations for future methods
  • 7.4 Conclusion
  • References
  • 8
  • Wastewater-based epidemiology for assessing and monitoring human exposure to pesticides
  • 8.1 Introduction
  • 8.2 Pesticides groups
  • 8.2.1 Triazines
  • 8.2.2 Pyrethroids
  • 8.2.3 Organophosphates
  • 8.3 Analytical method
  • 8.3.1 Sample collection and preparation
  • 8.3.2 Concentrations of biomarkers in wastewater
  • 8.3.3 Back-calculation of pesticide intake
  • 8.4 Stability of parent pesticides and their metabolites in wastewater
  • 8.5 Human risk assessment
  • 8.6 Limitations and future research needs
  • 8.7 Conclusion
  • References
  • 9
  • Expansion and diversification of wastewater-based epidemiology strategies in pandemic conditions to serve immed ...
  • 9.1 Introduction
  • 9.2 Materials and methods
  • 9.2.1 Sample collection and transport
  • 9.2.2 Sample processing and analysis
  • 9.3 Results and discussion
  • 9.3.1 Qualitative assessments for data digestibility
  • 9.3.2 Multitarget monitoring to improve detection frequency
  • 9.3.3 Data interpretation challenges for estimating infectivity
  • 9.3.4 Interpreting a comingled wastewater signal
  • 9.3.5 Changes in sampling methodologies and subsequent data reporting
  • 9.3.6 Ethics in wastewater monitoring
  • 9.3.7 Defining participant roles to ensure the longevity of wastewater-based epidemiology
  • 9.4 Conclusion
  • References
  • 10
  • Viral surveillance of wastewater as a promising tool to assess the spread of pathogens in the population: the ...
  • 10.1 Introduction
  • 10.1.1 The COVID-19 pandemic in Italy
  • 10.1.2 Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) as a virus surveillance tool
  • 10.1.3 Potential of SARS-CoV-2 surveillance in wastewater for the COVID-19 pandemic
  • 10.1.4 Application of WBE as a surveillance method in Europe and Italy
  • 10.2 Aim of the study
  • 10.3 Material and methods
  • 10.3.1 Study design.
  • 10.3.2 Wastewater sampling
  • 10.3.3 Concentration of SARS-CoV-2 from wastewater
  • 10.3.4 RNA extraction and SARS-CoV-2 molecular detection
  • 10.3.5 Data elaboration and analysis
  • 10.3.6 Identification of the rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant in Lombardy
  • 10.4 Results and discussion
  • 10.4.1 Presence of SARS-CoV-2 in urban wastewater
  • 10.4.1.1 Varese (April-November 2020)
  • 10.4.1.2 Bergamo and Brembate (March/April-December 2020)
  • 10.4.1.3 Cremona (March-December 2020)
  • 10.4.1.4 Milan (March 2020-November 2021)
  • 10.4.2 WBE results and other epidemiological indicators in Milan
  • 10.5 Conclusion
  • Acknowledgments
  • References
  • Index
  • Back Cover.