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Power generation technologies for low-temperature and distributed heat /

Power Generation Technologies for Low-Temperature and Distributed Heat presents a systematic and detailed analysis of a wide range of power generation systems for low-temperature (lower than 700-800°C) and distributed heat recovery applications. Each technology presented is reviewed by a well-known...

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Bibliographic Details
Corporate Author: ScienceDirect (Online service)
Other Authors: Markides, Christos N., Wang, Kai N.
Format: eBook
Language:English
Published: [Place of publication not identified] Woodhead Publishing, 2023.
Series:Woodhead Publishing in energy.
Subjects:
Low temperature engineering.
Heat storage.
Cryotechnique.
Chaleur > Stockage.
Heat storage
Low temperature engineering
Electronic books.
Online Access:Connect to the full text of this electronic book
Table of Contents:
  • Front Cover
  • Power Generation Technologies for Low-Temperature and Distributed Heat
  • Copyright Page
  • Contents
  • List of contributors
  • Preface
  • Acknowledgements
  • Introduction
  • 1 Overview of low-temperature distributed heat and fundamentals
  • 1.1 Introduction
  • 1.2 Definition and features of low-temperature and distributed heat
  • 1.3 Pathways for heat recovery
  • 1.4 Potential of low-temperature distributed heat
  • 1.4.1 Global waste heat potential
  • 1.4.2 Waste heat potential by region
  • 1.4.2.1 United States
  • 1.4.2.2 Europe
  • 1.4.2.3 China
  • 1.4.3 Waste heat potential by sector
  • 1.4.4 Low-temperature distributed renewable heat potential
  • 1.5 Thermodynamic fundamentals of power cycles
  • 1.5.1 Maximum work
  • 1.5.1.1 Some observations
  • 1.5.1.2 Practical considerations
  • Work ratio
  • Matching
  • Higher work ratio cycles
  • 1.5.1.3 Properties of volatile fluids
  • 1.5.1.4 Improving the Rankine cycle by using working fluids other than water
  • 1.5.1.5 Working fluid properties
  • 1.6 Conclusion
  • References
  • 2 Rankine cycle and variants
  • 2.1 Steam Rankine cycles
  • Abstract
  • 2.1.1 Introduction
  • 2.1.2 Fundamentals
  • 2.1.3 Theoretical and practical performance expectations
  • 2.1.3.1 Superheating
  • 2.1.3.2 Reheating
  • 2.1.3.3 Regeneration
  • 2.1.3.4 Increasing boiler pressure and temperature
  • 2.1.3.5 Decreasing condenser pressure and temperature
  • 2.1.4 Comparison of technical/economic potential against conventional and other alternatives
  • 2.1.5 Most recent developments and cutting-edge technical progress
  • 2.1.6 Suitability
  • 2.1.6.1 Temperature and pressure ranges and corresponding efficiencies and power output
  • 2.1.6.2 Operational characteristics
  • 2.1.6.3 Cost
  • 2.1.6.4 Safety
  • 2.1.6.5 Part-load operation
  • 2.1.7 Key applications
  • 2.1.7.1 Power generation from traditional heat sources.
  • 2.1.7.2 Power generation from renewable and waste heat sources: biomass as a heat source
  • 2.1.7.3 Power generation from renewable and waste heat sources: geothermal energy
  • 2.1.7.4 Power generation from renewable and waste heat sources: solar energy
  • 2.1.7.5 Power generation from renewable and waste heat sources: residual heat recovery
  • 2.1.7.6 Combined heat and power
  • 2.1.7.7 Other applications
  • 2.1.8 Markets
  • 2.1.9 Emerging and future trends
  • 2.1.10 Cogeneration suitability
  • 2.1.11 Conclusion
  • References
  • 2.2 Organic Rankine cycles
  • 2.2.1 Introduction
  • 2.2.2 Fundamentals
  • 2.2.2.1 Working fluid selection
  • 2.2.2.2 Expander
  • 2.2.2.3 Pump
  • 2.2.2.4 Heat exchangers
  • 2.2.3 Theoretical and practical performance expectations
  • 2.2.3.1 Specific area
  • 2.2.3.2 Specific investment cost
  • 2.2.3.3 Simple payback period
  • 2.2.3.4 Net present value
  • 2.2.3.5 Levelized cost of electricity
  • 2.2.4 Comparison of technical/economic potential against conventional and other alternatives
  • 2.2.5 Most recent developments and cutting-edge technical progress
  • 2.2.6 Suitability, advantages, and disadvantages
  • 2.2.7 Key applications and markets
  • 2.2.7.1 Geothermal energy
  • 2.2.7.2 Biomass as a heat source
  • 2.2.7.3 Residual heat recovery
  • 2.2.7.4 Solar energy
  • 2.2.8 Emerging and future trends and research areas
  • 2.2.9 Cogeneration suitability
  • 2.2.10 Conclusion
  • References
  • 2.3 Kalina cycles
  • 2.3.1 Introduction
  • 2.3.2 Basic KCSs
  • 2.3.3 KCSs with accessories
  • 2.3.3.1 KCSs with a superheater
  • 2.3.3.2 KCSs with a low-temperature regenerator
  • 2.3.3.3 KCSs with a high-temperature regenerator
  • 2.3.3.4 KCSs with a dephlegmator and heat rejection to surroundings
  • 2.3.3.5 KCSs with a dephlegmator and internal heat recovery
  • 2.3.3.6 KCSs without a dephlegmator.
  • 2.3.3.7 Full KCSs with HTR and a vapour generator in series
  • 2.3.3.8 Full KCSs with HTR and a vapour generator in parallel
  • 2.3.4 Performance comparison on accessories to KCSs
  • 2.3.5 Performance comparison of HTR and HRVG arrangements
  • 2.3.6 Other Kalina cycle systems
  • 2.3.7 Kalina cogeneration systems
  • 2.3.8 Experimental work on KCSs
  • 2.3.9 Conclusions
  • References
  • 2.4 Two-phase expanders and their applications
  • 2.4.1 Introduction and fundamentals
  • 2.4.2 Positive displacement machines as two-phase expanders
  • 2.4.2.1 Categories of positive displacement machines
  • 2.4.2.2 Characteristics of two-phase expansion in positive displacement machines
  • 2.4.3 Two-phase turbines
  • 2.4.3.1 Biphase turbines
  • 2.4.3.2 Axial flow turbines
  • 2.4.3.3 Pelton-type turbine
  • 2.4.3.4 Radial inflow reaction turbines
  • 2.4.3.5 Radial outflow (reaction) turbines
  • 2.4.3.6 Parallel screw expanders and turbines
  • 2.4.4 Applications
  • 2.4.4.1 Trilateral flash cycle
  • 2.4.4.2 Pressure reduction valve replacement
  • 2.4.4.2.1 Industrial steam processes
  • 2.4.4.2.2 Refrigeration and air-conditioning systems
  • 2.4.4.3 Compressor expanders
  • 2.4.4.4 Improvements to flash steam systems
  • 2.4.4.4.1 Single-flash systems
  • 2.4.4.4.2 Double-flash systems
  • 2.4.4.5 Closed cycle systems with water/steam mixtures
  • 2.4.4.5.1 Wet steam cycle systems
  • 2.4.4.5.2 Geothermal systems
  • 2.4.4.6 Closed cycle systems with organic working fluids
  • 2.4.4.6.1 Trilateral flash cycle and wet organic Rankine cycle systems
  • 2.4.4.6.2 Binary systems for medium-enthalpy sources
  • 2.4.6 Concluding remarks and outlook
  • References
  • 3 CO2 cycles
  • 3.1 Introduction and background
  • 3.2 Fundamentals
  • 3.2.1 Thermodynamic cycle basics
  • 3.2.2 Turbomachinery
  • 3.2.3 Heat exchangers
  • 3.3 Theoretical and practical performance
  • 3.3.1 Numerical studies.
  • 3.3.2 Experimental research
  • 3.4 Comparison against conventional and other alternatives
  • 3.5 State-of-the-art, recent developments, and progress
  • 3.6 Suitability and applications
  • 3.6.1 Suitability and advantages
  • 3.6.2 Potential application areas
  • 3.7 Emerging and future trends
  • 3.8 Concluding remarks and outlook
  • References
  • 4 Oscillatory flow power cycles
  • 4.1 Stirling engines
  • Abstract
  • 4.1.1 Introduction and background
  • 4.1.2 Fundamentals
  • 4.1.3 Theoretical and practical performance
  • 4.1.4 State-of-the-art, recent progress and developments, and emerging and future trends
  • 4.1.5 Suitability, key applications, and markets
  • 4.1.5.1 Comparison with conventional and other alternatives
  • 4.1.6 Concluding remarks and outlook
  • References
  • 4.2 Thermoacoustic engines
  • 4.2.1 Introduction and background
  • 4.2.2 Fundamentals
  • 4.2.3 Thermoacoustic heat engine components
  • 4.2.3.1 Resonator
  • 4.2.3.2 Heat exchangers
  • 4.2.3.3 Stack
  • 4.2.3.4 Regenerator
  • 4.2.3.5 Working gas
  • 4.2.4 Theoretical and practical performance expectations
  • 4.2.4.1 Main governing equations
  • 4.2.4.2 Power considerations
  • 4.2.5 Technoeconomic comparison with conventional and other alternatives
  • 4.2.6 State-of-the-art, recent progress, and developments
  • 4.2.7 Suitability, key applications, and markets
  • 4.2.8 Combined heat and power generation
  • 4.2.9 Emerging and future trends
  • 4.2.10 Concluding remarks and outlook
  • References
  • 4.3 Thermofluidic oscillators
  • 4.3.1 Introduction and background
  • 4.3.2 Fundamentals
  • 4.3.2.1 Organic fluid cycles
  • 4.3.2.2 Two-phase thermofluidic oscillators
  • 4.3.2.3 Noninertive-feedback thermofluidic engine
  • 4.3.3 Theoretical and practical performance
  • 4.3.3.1 Linearized modelling developments
  • 4.3.3.2 Nonlinear modelling developments.
  • 4.3.4 State-of-the-art, challenges, recent progress and developments, and emerging and future trends
  • 4.3.4.1 Thermally induced thermodynamic losses
  • 4.3.4.2 Case study: thermodynamic losses in the NIFTE
  • 4.3.4.3 Thermodynamic losses in gas springs
  • 4.3.4.4 New working fluids, designs, and configurations
  • 4.3.5 Concluding remarks and outlook
  • References
  • 5 Solid-state devices
  • 5.1 Thermoelectric generators
  • Abstract
  • 5.1.1 Introduction and background
  • 5.1.2 Fundamentals
  • 5.1.3 Theoretical and practical performance
  • 5.1.3.1 Theoretical performance
  • 5.1.3.2 Practical performance: a case study
  • 5.1.3.3 Commercially available TEGs
  • 5.1.4 Technoeconomic comparison with conventional and other alternatives
  • 5.1.5 State-of-the-art, recent progress and developments, and emerging and future trends
  • 5.1.6 Suitability, key applications, and markets
  • 5.1.7 Concluding remarks and outlook
  • References
  • 5.2 Thermomagnetic generators
  • Abstract
  • 5.2.1 Introduction and background
  • 5.2.2 Fundamentals
  • 5.2.2.1 Thermomagnetic materials
  • 5.2.2.2 Operation principle of mechanism-rotating-type thermomagnetic generators
  • 5.2.2.3 Operation principle of magnetic-flux-changing-type thermomagnetic generators
  • 5.2.2.4 Operation principle of mechanism-oscillating-type thermomagnetic generators
  • 5.2.3 Theoretical and practical performance
  • 5.2.4 Technoeconomic comparison with conventional and other alternatives
  • 5.2.5 State-of-the-art, recent progress and developments, and emerging and future trends
  • 5.2.5.1 Mechanism-rotating-type thermomagnetic generators
  • 5.2.5.2 Magnetic-flux-changing-type thermomagnetic generators
  • 5.2.5.3 Mechanism-oscillating-type thermomagnetic generators
  • 5.2.6 Potential applications of thermomagnetic generators
  • 5.2.7 Perspective and future trends of thermomagnetic generators.