http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3 http://www.loc.gov/standards/mods/v3/mods-3-2.xsd
Biological Fuel Cells: Fundamental to Applications offers a comprehensive update on the latest microbial fuel cells technologies and their systems development and implementation. Taking a practical approach to MFCs, the book provides guidance on analytical methods and tools, economic and performance analyses of various technologies and systems, and engineering aspects. Established and newly developed technologies are presented alongside their applications within the context of cost, practicality and future technologies, which are discussed within the context of other renewable energy systems. This book is a comprehensive reference for users working in the field of fuel cells, microbial fuel cells and bioenergy. Presents lab-scale case studies and real-world application on microbial fuel cells Provides the fundamental theories and concepts behind MFCs, along with the latest technologies Offers guidance on economic and cost analyses for technologies and systems within each chapter.
Intro -- Biological Fuel Cells: Fundamental to Applications -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Part 1: Constituents, structure, materials and measurement with conceptual, practical and economical views -- Chapter 1: Introduction to biological fuel cell technology -- 1.1. Background -- 1.2. Basic principles -- 1.2.1. Microbial decomposition of organic materials -- 1.2.2. Working principles of MFCs -- 1.3. Potential feedstocks for MFCs -- 1.3.1. Pure organics -- 1.3.2. Solid wastes -- 1.3.3. Organic materials -- 1.4. BFC's classification -- 1.4.1. MFCs -- 1.4.1.1. Photosynthetic MFCs -- Plant MFCs -- Algal MFCs -- 1.4.1.2. Microbial desalination cells (MDCs) -- 1.4.1.3. Sediment microbial fuel cells (SMFCs) -- 1.4.2. Enzyme-based fuel cells (EFCs) -- 1.5. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 2: Microbiological concepts of MFCs -- 2.1. Introduction -- 2.2. Exoelectrogenic microorganisms -- 2.2.1. Pioneering microbial communities -- 2.2.1.1. Bacterial involvement in MFCs -- Proteobacteria -- Phototrophic bacteria -- 2.2.1.2. Exoelectrogenic eukaryotes -- 2.2.1.3. Mixed culture in MFCs -- 2.2.2. Sources of exoelectrogens -- 2.2.2.1. Natural sources -- 2.2.2.2. Artificial sources -- 2.2.3. Strategies for studying exoelectrogens -- 2.2.3.1. Microbiological methods -- 2.2.3.2. Molecular methods -- 2.2.3.3. Electrochemical methods -- 2.3. Electrotrophic microorganisms -- 2.4. Electron transport mechanisms -- 2.4.1. Mechanisms for delivering electrons to an anode -- 2.4.2. Mechanisms for electron uptake from cathodes -- 2.4.3. Interspecies electron transfer through conductive minerals -- 2.5. Factors affecting the electron transfer mechanism -- 2.5.1. Biofilm integrity -- 2.5.2. Structure and composition of electrodes -- 2.5.3. Electrolyte and electron mediators -- 2.6. Mechanism of biofilm formation in MFCs.
2.7. Factors affecting biofilm formation and performance -- 2.7.1. System configuration -- 2.7.2. Operating parameters -- 2.7.3. Biological parameters -- 2.8. Genetic approaches for improving the performance of MFCs -- 2.9. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 3: Anode electrodes in MFCs -- 3.1. Introduction -- 3.2. Necessities of anode materials -- 3.2.1. Surface area and porosity -- 3.2.2. Fouling and poisoning -- 3.2.3. Electronic conductivity -- 3.2.4. Biocompatibility -- 3.2.5. Stability and long durability -- 3.2.6. Electrode cost and availability -- 3.3. Anolytes -- 3.4. Anode-assisted electrochemical catalysis -- 3.5. Anode materials -- 3.5.1. Carbonaceous electrodes -- 3.5.2. Metal nanoparticles -- 3.5.3. Conducting polymers -- 3.6. Surface modification of MFC anode materials -- 3.6.1. Alkaline/acidic surface oxidation -- 3.6.2. Heat treatment -- 3.6.3. Surface coating with electroactive materials -- 3.7. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 4: Cathode electrodes in MFCs -- 4.1. Introduction -- 4.2. Cathode concepts -- 4.3. Cathodic structures in MFC -- 4.3.1. Plane cathodes -- 4.3.2. Packed cathodes -- 4.3.3. Tubular cathodes -- 4.3.4. Brush cathodes -- 4.3.5. Rotating disk electrodes (RDE) -- 4.4. Cathode requirements in MFCs -- 4.4.1. Biocompatibility and surface roughness -- 4.4.2. Surface area and porosity -- 4.4.3. Conductivity -- 4.4.4. Hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity -- 4.4.5. Stability and durability -- 4.4.6. Cost and availability -- 4.5. Cathodic surface treatment -- 4.6. Catholytes -- 4.7. Enzyme immobilization methods for biocathodes -- 4.7.1. Physical adsorption -- 4.7.2. Entrapment or copolymerization -- 4.7.3. Affinity -- 4.7.4. Covalent binding -- 4.8. Cathode catalysts: Conventional, photo, and biocatalysts -- 4.8.1. Cathodic photocatalysts -- 4.8.2. Biocatalysts -- 4.8.2.1. Biology -- 4.8.2.2. Advantages of biocathode.
4.8.2.3. Disadvantages of biocathodes -- 4.8.3. Conventional catalysts -- 4.8.3.1. Pt and Pt-based ORR catalysts -- 4.8.3.2. PMG-free catalyst -- 4.9. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 5: Energy and power measurement methods in MFCs -- 5.1. Introduction -- 5.2. Power indicators -- 5.2.1. Coulombic efficiency -- 5.2.2. Open circuit voltage (OCV) -- 5.2.3. Current density -- 5.2.4. Power density -- 5.3. Electrochemical methods -- 5.3.1. Polarization study -- 5.3.2. Current interruption -- 5.3.3. Voltammetry techniques -- 5.3.3.1. Linear sweep voltammetry technique -- 5.3.3.2. Cyclic voltammetry technique -- 5.3.3.3. Differential pulse voltammetry -- 5.3.3.4. Chronoamperometry technique -- 5.3.4. Butler-Volmer analysis and Tafel Plots -- 5.3.5. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analysis -- 5.4. Biofilm characterization methods -- 5.4.1. Detection of biofilm forming microorganisms -- 5.4.2. Characterization of microbial communities -- 5.4.3. Analysis of biofilm activity -- 5.5. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 6: MFC designing and performance -- 6.1. Introduction -- 6.2. MFC configurations -- 6.2.1. Dual-chambered MFCs -- 6.2.1.1. H-shaped DC-MFCs -- 6.2.1.2. Cuboid-shaped DC-MFCs -- 6.2.1.3. Double-chamber up-flow MFCs -- 6.2.1.4. Dual-chambered upflow U-shaped MFCs -- 6.2.1.5. Dual-chambered concentric tubular MFCs -- 6.2.1.6. Decoupled MFCs -- 6.2.2. Single-chamber MFCs -- 6.2.2.1. Up-flow single-chamber MFCs -- 6.2.2.2. Single-chambered concentric tubular MFCs -- 6.2.3. Multichambered MFCs -- 6.2.4. Other innovative MFC configurations -- 6.2.5. MFC hybrid systems -- 6.3. Different modes of operation in MFCs -- 6.4. Kinetic analysis and modeling of MFCs -- 6.4.1. Bioanode kinetics -- 6.4.2. Cathode kinetics -- 6.4.3. Membrane/separator kinetics -- 6.5. MFCs at a larger laboratory scale -- 6.6. Pilot-scale MFC designs.
6.7. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 7: Separators and membranes -- 7.1. Introduction -- 7.2. Membrane types for MFCs -- 7.2.1. Ion-exchange membranes -- 7.2.1.1. Cationexchange membranes -- 7.2.1.2. Anion-exchange membranes -- 7.2.1.3. Bipolar membranes -- 7.2.1.4. Capacity of ion-exchange membranes -- 7.2.2. Porous membranes -- 7.2.2.1. Ultrafiltration membranes -- 7.2.2.2. Microfiltration membranes -- 7.2.3. Ceramic membranes -- 7.2.3.1. Cation exchange mechanism in clay-based separators -- 7.2.3.2. Modification of clay-based separators -- 7.2.4. Polymer electrolyte membranes (PEMs) -- 7.2.4.1. PEM functions in MFCs -- 7.2.4.2. PEM materials -- Synthetic polymer-based membranes -- Natural polymer-based membranes -- 7.2.5. Salt bridge -- 7.3. Membrane requirements in MFCs -- 7.3.1. Water uptake -- 7.3.2. Proton conductivity -- 7.3.3. Ion exchange capacity -- 7.3.4. pH splitting -- 7.3.5. Membrane permeability -- 7.3.6. Membrane biofouling -- 7.3.7. Membrane resistance -- 7.4. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 8: Supercapacitive microbial fuel cells -- 8.1. Introduction -- 8.2. High surface area capacitive electrodes in MFCs -- 8.3. Supercapacitive microbial fuel cells -- 8.4. Pseudocapacitive MFC electrodes -- 8.5. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 9: MFCs challenges and their potential solutions -- 9.1. Introduction -- 9.2. Voltage losses -- 9.3. How can biofilm formation cause voltage losses? -- 9.4. Biofouling formation principles -- 9.5. Biofouling development on membrane and cathode surfaces -- 9.6. Biofouling assessment methods -- 9.7. Driving factors of biofouling -- 9.7.1. Membrane biofouling -- 9.7.2. Cathode biofouling -- 9.8. How to overcome fouling challenges -- 9.8.1. Membrane adaptation -- 9.8.2. Cathode adaptation -- 9.9. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 10: MFCs commercialization and economic analysis.
10.1. Introduction -- 10.2. Field trials of MFCs -- 10.3. Cost-effective MFC resources -- 10.3.1. Domestic wastewater -- 10.3.2. Brewery and winery wastewater -- 10.3.3. Wastewater generated from food-processing industries -- 10.4. Commercialization requirements -- 10.4.1. Power generation capacity -- 10.4.2. Energy conversion efficiency -- 10.4.3. Operational stability -- 10.4.4. Power output improvement -- 10.5. Large-scale implementation -- 10.5.1. Financial incentives -- 10.5.2. Manufacturing cost and reduction strategies -- 10.6. Conclusions -- References -- Part 2: MFCs applications -- Chapter 11: Electricity generation -- 11.1. Introduction -- 11.2. Bioelectricity generation in MFC systems -- 11.2.1. Solar-enhanced MFCs -- 11.2.1.1. Solar cell-induced MFCs -- 11.2.1.2. Photoelectrochemical cell- MFC hybrid devices -- 11.2.1.3. Photosynthetic MFCs -- 11.2.2. Microbial desalination cells (MDCs) -- 11.2.3. Soil MFCs -- 11.3. Power generation in EFC systems -- 11.4. Practical implementation of MFC technology for power generation -- 11.4.1. Power applications -- 11.4.1.1. MFCs as direct power sources -- 11.4.1.2. MFC systems integrated with energy harvesting modules -- 11.4.2. Sensing technology -- 11.4.3. Field trials -- 11.5. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 12: Application of biological fuel cell in wastewater treatment -- 12.1. MFCs vs other available options -- 12.2. Principles of wastewater treatment via MFCs -- 12.3. Preference of MFCs vs other WWTP -- 12.4. Expansion of microbial fuel cell research in wastewater treatment -- 12.5. Mechanisms and reactions of MFC -- 12.6. Microbial communities for bioanode -- 12.7. Application of microbial fuel cells in various wastewater treatments -- 12.7.1. Performance of agricultural and food wastewater-based MFCs -- 12.7.2. Brewery wastewater -- 12.7.3. Dairy waste industry.
Includes bibliographical references and index.