Microfluidics for cellular applications /

Microfluidics for Cellular Applications describes microfluidic devices for cell screening from a physical, technological and applications point-of-view, presenting a comparison with the cell microenvironment and conventional instruments used in medicine. Microfluidic technologies, protocols, devices...

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Bibliographic Details
Corporate Author:	ScienceDirect (Online service)
Other Authors:	Perozziello, Gerardo (Editor), Kruhne, Ulrich (Editor), Luciani, Paola (Editor)
Format:	eBook
Language:	English
Published:	Amsterdam, Netherlands ; Oxford, United Kingdom ; Cambridge MA : Elsevier, [2023]
Series:	Micro & nano technologies.
Subjects:	Microfluidics. Cytology > Technique. Cytological Techniques Microfluidics Microfluidique. Cytologie > Technique. Cytology > Technique Electronic books.
Online Access:	Connect to the full text of this electronic book

Table of Contents:

Front Cover
Microfluidics for Cellular Applications
Copyright Page
Contents
List of contributors
1 Introduction
2 The cell: cell microenvironment and cell handling
2.1 What is a cell?
2.1.1 Nucleus
2.1.2 Ribosomes
2.1.3 Mitochondria
2.1.4 Endoplasmic reticulum
2.1.5 Golgi apparatus
2.1.6 Lysosome
2.1.7 Peroxisome
2.2 Different cell types
2.3 Biomarkers
2.4 Cell culture basics
2.5 Typical workflow for subculturing adherent cells
2.6 Usage of biomarkers in cell culture
2.7 Cellular staining
2.8 Instruments to analyze/process stained cells
References
3 Microfluidic devices and their applicability to cell studies
3.1 Introduction
3.1.1 Why is microfluidics so well suited for cell applications?
3.1.2 Drawbacks and issues with microfluidics
3.2 Examples of microfluidic platforms applied to different cell applications
3.2.1 Fluidic and cell handling in microfluidic devices
3.2.2 Cell cultivation
3.2.2.1 2D cultures
3.2.2.1.1 Single-Cell Culture
3.2.2.2 Coculture
3.2.2.3 3D cultures
3.2.2.3.1 Hanging Drop Method
3.2.2.3.2 Hydrogel-Based Method
3.2.2.3.3 Paper-Based Method
3.2.2.3.4 Nanofiber-Based Method
3.2.2.3.5 3D Printing Method
3.2.2.4 Tissues, organoids and organ-on-a-chip platforms
3.2.2.4.1 Lungs
3.2.2.4.2 Liver
3.2.2.4.3 Gut
3.2.2.4.4 Kidney
3.2.2.4.5 Heart
3.2.2.4.6 Muscle
3.2.2.4.7 Vascular System
3.2.2.4.8 Bone Marrow
3.2.2.4.9 Skin
3.2.2.4.10 Brain
3.2.2.5 Body or human-on-a-chip
3.2.3 Cell screening and analysis
3.3 Conclusion
3.3.1 Major advantages of microfluidics
3.3.1.1 Decreased animal testing, improved drug development, and achieving better disease models
3.3.1.2 Parallelization
3.3.2 Why is microfluidics not yet widely used?.
3.3.2.1 Complexity of systems (not user-friendly)
3.3.2.2 Mostly built by and used by research scientists
3.3.3 How to bridge the gap?
References
4 Materials
4.1 Overview
4.2 Material classification for microfluidic platforms
4.2.1 Introduction
4.2.1.1 Physical-chemical properties
4.2.1.2 Mechanical properties
4.2.2 Inorganic materials
4.2.2.1 Silicon
4.2.2.2 Glass
4.2.2.3 Ceramics
4.2.2.4 Metals
4.2.3 Organic materials-polymers
4.2.3.1 Polydimethylsiloxane
4.2.3.2 Fluorinated polymers
4.2.3.3 Thermoset polyester
4.2.3.4 SU-8
4.2.3.5 Polyamide
4.2.3.6 Polyimide
4.2.3.7 Polystyrene
4.2.3.8 Polycarbonate
4.2.3.9 Polyethylene
4.2.3.10 Polypropylene
4.2.3.11 Polyvinylchloride
4.2.3.12 Polymethylmethacrylate
4.2.3.13 Polyethylene glycol diacrylate
4.2.3.14 Polyurethane
4.2.3.15 Cyclic olefin copolymer
4.2.3.16 Electroconductive polymers-PEDOT:PSS
4.2.3.17 Organic materials-paper
4.3 Biocompatibility
4.3.1 Biocompatibility issues
4.3.2 Biocompatibility modifications
4.4 Requirements in relation to the cell-surface interface
4.4.1 Surface wettability
4.4.2 Surface charge
4.4.3 Surface roughness
4.4.4 Surface stiffness
4.5 Material requirements in relation to (optical, electrochemical) sensor interface
4.5.1 Image-based cellular screenings
4.5.2 Electromagnetic radiation
4.5.3 Optical properties of materials
4.5.3.1 Transmittance and absorbance
4.5.3.2 Attenuation coefficient
4.5.3.3 Refractive index
4.5.3.4 Abbe's number
4.5.4 Sensor integration as a function of the material used
4.6 Fluidic compatibility (liquids and gases)
4.6.1 Surface wettability
4.6.2 Debubbling principles
4.6.3 Pressure and temperature influences on solubility
4.6.3.1 Henry's law
4.6.3.2 Le Chatelier's principle.
4.6.4 Gas permeability of substrates
4.7 Conclusion
References
5 Surface properties and treatments
5.1 Surface properties
5.1.1 Measuring the surface topography of a surface
5.1.2 Mechanical properties of a surface
5.1.3 Surface energy density
5.1.4 Adhesive and antifouling properties of a surface
5.2 Surface modification
5.2.1 Physical methods
5.2.2 Physicochemical methods
5.2.2.1 Photoinduced methods
5.2.2.2 Gas deposition overcoating techniques
5.2.2.3 Plasma treatment methods
5.2.2.4 Wet chemical modification
5.3 Biological surface functionalization
5.4 Surface topographical modifications
5.5 Combined plasma and silanization method to immobilize biomolecules on microfluidic surfaces
5.6 Conclusion
References
6 Fabrication technologies
6.1 Standard lithographic process
6.2 Resists
6.3 Optical lithography
6.3.1 Optical resolution
6.3.2 Contact and proximity exposure
6.3.3 Projection exposure
6.4 Electron beam lithography
6.4.1 EBL instrument
6.4.2 Interactions between electrons and matter
6.4.3 Collisions between electrons and atoms
6.4.4 Proximity effect
6.5 Etching processes
6.5.1 Wet etching
6.5.2 Dry etching
6.5.3 Plasma
6.5.4 Reactive ion etching
6.6 Cost-effective fabrication technologies
6.6.1 Nano imprint lithography
6.6.2 Microinjection molding
6.6.3 Mold casting
6.6.4 Micromilling
6.6.5 Cutting parameters in micromilling
6.7 Fabrication of microfluidic devices
6.7.1 Bonding techniques
6.7.2 Thermal bonding
6.7.3 Anodic bonding
6.7.4 Solvent-assisted bonding
6.7.5 Adhesive bonding
6.7.6 UV-Assisted bonding
6.7.7 Ultrasonic bonding
6.7.8 Microwave welding
6.7.9 Laser welding
6.7.10 Lamination
References
7 Handling and control setups for microfluidic devices.
7.1 Generalities on control systems
7.2 Design and implementation of control systems
7.3 Feedforward and feedback control
7.3.1 Feedforward control
7.3.2 Feedback control
7.4 Amplifiers
7.5 Control systems for microfluidic devices
7.6 PID basics
7.7 Feedback control system of a cell incubator: design and implementation
7.7.1 Temperature control
7.7.2 Arduino-based prototyping of the digital controller
7.7.3 Tuning and implementation of the PID controller
7.8 Microfluidic device interface
7.8.1 Fluidic interconnections
7.8.2 Electrical interface
7.8.3 Optical interface
7.9 Microscopy techniques
7.9.1 Optical microscopes
7.9.2 Fluorescence microscopy
7.9.3 Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy
7.9.4 Atomic force microscopy and scanning tunneling microscopy
7.10 Spectroscopy techniques
7.11 Liquid driving methods
7.11.1 Electrical gradients
7.11.2 Pressure gradients
References
8 Commercial microfluidic devices and their cost analysis
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Key facts about the commercial microfluidic market
8.2.1 Market
8.2.2 Product life cycle
8.3 Typical product cycle from the development phase into production
8.3.1 Definition of the product
8.3.2 Feasibility phase
8.3.3 Prototyping
8.3.4 Preparation for production
8.3.5 Production
8.3.6 What will influence the (OUR!) success
8.4 The strategy
8.4.1 Initial questions
8.4.2 Technology strategy
8.4.3 IP strategy
8.4.4 The right support
8.5 Cost drivers in microfluidic devices
8.5.1 Chip volume
8.5.2 Microfluidic application
8.5.3 Total design
8.5.4 Dimension and material
8.5.5 Fabrication
8.5.6 Integration
8.5.7 Interfaces
8.6 Summary
References
9 Microfluidics for nanopharmaceutical and medical applications.
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Nanoparticulate drug delivery systems for pharmaceutical application
9.2.1 Nanoemulsions
9.2.2 Liposomes
9.2.3 Lipid nanoparticles
9.2.4 Polymeric nanoparticles
9.2.5 Hybrid nanoparticles
9.2.6 Theranostic nanoparticles
9.3 From microfluidic 3D cell culture to human-on-a-chip
9.3.1 Conventional methods in 3D cell culture
9.3.1.1 Scaffold-free methods
9.3.1.2 Hydrogel- and scaffold-based methods
9.3.2 Microfluidics meets 3D cell culture
9.3.3 Materials and devices for microfluidic 3D cell culture
9.3.3.1 Glass/silicon-based systems
9.3.3.2 Polymer-based systems
9.3.3.3 Paper-based 3D culture
9.3.4 Matrices for microfluidic 3D cell culture systems
9.3.4.1 Gel-supported culture
9.3.4.2 Gel-free systems
9.3.5 Applications in tissue and organ engineering
9.3.5.1 Lung-on-a-chip
9.3.5.2 Intestine-on-a-chip
9.3.5.3 Liver-on-a-chip
9.3.5.4 Kidney-on-a-chip
9.3.5.5 Breast-on-a-chip
9.3.5.6 Brain-on-a-chip
9.3.5.7 Heart-on-a-chip
9.3.5.8 Vasculature-on-a-chip
9.3.5.9 Human-on-a-chip
9.4 Conclusion
Acknowledgement
References
Index
Back Cover.