Pulping and papermaking of nonwood plant fibers /

"Pulping and Papermaking of Non-wood Plant Fibres presents the latest technologies associated with the papermaking process. With chapters specific to each non-wood species, the book provides step-by-step guidance on processes such as pulping, bleaching, blending and beating. Non-wood fibers are...

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Bibliographic Details
Corporate Author:	ScienceDirect (Online service)
Other Authors:	Sapuan, S. M., Ainun, Z.M.A., 1973-, Ilyas, Rushdan Ahmad
Format:	eBook
Language:	English
Published:	London ; San Diego, CA : Academic Press, an imprint of Elsevier, [2023]
Subjects:	Papermaking. Pulping. Plant fibers. Papeterie. Pâte à papier > Fabrication. Fibres végétales. papermaking. plant fiber. Papermaking Plant fibers Pulping Electronic books.
Online Access:	Connect to the full text of this electronic book

Table of Contents:

Front Cover
Pulping and Papermaking of Nonwood Plant Fibers
Copyright Page
Contents
List of contributors
Preface
1 Introduction to nonwood plant fibers for pulp and papermaking production
1.1 History of pulp and papermaking
1.2 Why nonwood plant fibers for pulp and paper recently?
1.2.1 Shortage of wood plant fibers
1.2.2 Abundance of nonwood plant fibers
1.2.3 Speed growth of paper industry
1.2.4 Fast growth of nonwood plant fibers
1.3 Nonwood plant fibers
1.4 Challenges and future of nonwood plants
1.5 Conclusion
References
Further reading
2 Pulping process for nonwoody plants
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Type of pulping for nonwoody fibers
2.2.1 Chemical pulping
2.2.1.1 Alkaline pulping
2.2.1.2 Sulfite pulping
2.2.1.3 Organic solvent pulping (organosolv)
2.2.1.4 Biological pulping
2.2.1.5 Chemi-mechanical pulping
2.3 Hybrid
2.4 Mechanical pulping
Acknowledgments
References
3 Bleaching of nonwood pulp
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Brief history of bleaching
3.3 Bleaching agents
3.3.1 Hypochlorite
3.3.2 Chlorine
3.3.3 Chlorine dioxide
3.3.4 Oxygen
3.3.5 Ozone
3.3.6 Biobleaching
3.4 Bleaching of chemical pulp
3.5 Stability of brightness
3.6 Bleaching of mechanical pulp
3.6.1 Reductive bleaching
3.6.1.1 Bleaching with bisulfate
3.6.1.2 Bleaching with dithionite
3.6.2 Oxidative bleaching
3.6.2.1 Bleaching with hydrogen peroxide
3.7 Brightening of secondary fiber
3.7.1 Recycling of paper and board
3.7.2 Recycling of printing paper
3.7.3 Recycling for the production of board
3.8 Bleaching of other materials
3.8.1 Textile fibers
3.8.1.1 Cotton, cotton linters and linen
3.8.1.2 Wool
3.8.1.3 Synthetic fiber
3.8.1.4 Solid organic material
3.8.1.5 Vegetable and other oil
3.9 Conclusion.
Reference
4 Pulping and paper mechanical properties of Bambusa vulgaris, Gigantochloa levis, and Gigantochloa scortechinii bamboo
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Materials and methods
4.2.1 Raw materials preparation
4.2.2 Bamboo pulping
4.2.3 Beating
4.2.4 Handsheet making and testing
4.3 Results and discussion
4.3.1 Pulping yield and paper mechanical properties
4.3.2 Number in bracket indicate the standard deviation for the testing results
4.4 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
5 Pulping and papermaking of cornstalk
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Chemical and morphological properties
5.2.1 Chemical properties
5.2.2 Morphological properties
5.3 Suitability of different pulping processes
5.3.1 Raw material preparation for pulping
5.3.1.1 Chopping
5.3.1.2 Wet cleaning and screening
5.3.2 Pulping process
5.3.2.1 Soda and soda-anthraquinone
5.3.2.2 Sulfate or kraft
5.3.2.3 Alkaline sulfite
5.3.2.4 Organosolv
5.3.2.5 Other pulping processes
5.3.3 Suitable digester types
5.4 Suitability of different bleaching sequences
5.4.1 ECF bleaching
5.4.2 Total chlorine-free bleaching
5.5 Papermaking properties
5.5.1 Papermaking using cornstalk unbleached pulps and physical strength properties
5.5.2 Papermaking using cornstalk bleached pulps and physical strength properties
5.5.3 Papermaking using cornstalk pulps blended with other pulps and physical strength properties
5.6 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
6 Pulping and papermaking of esparto grass
Research objectives
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Nonwood plants
6.2.1 Classification of nonwood raw materials
6.2.1.1 Grass fibers
6.2.1.2 Bast fibers
6.2.1.3 Seed hull fibers
6.2.1.4 Leaf fiber materials
6.2.2 Physical characteristics of nonwood plants.
6.2.3 Chemical characteristics of nonwood plants
6.3 Esparto grass
6.3.1 Stipa tenacissima L
6.3.1.1 Nomenclature (synonyms and related terms)
6.3.1.2 Botanical classification
6.3.1.3 Botanical description of Stipa tenacissima
6.3.1.4 Underground section of Stipa tenacissima
6.3.1.5 The aerial part of Stipa tenacissima
6.3.1.6 Chemical composition of Stipa tenacissima
6.3.1.7 Mineral composition of Stipa tenacissima
6.3.1.8 Morphological proprieties of Stipa tenacissima
6.3.2 Lygeum spartum L
6.3.2.1 Nomenclature (synonyms and related terms)
6.3.2.2 Botanical classification
6.3.2.3 Difference between Stipa tenacissima and Lygeum spartum
6.3.2.4 Extraction methods of esparto grass fibers
6.3.2.5 Papermaking of esparto grass
6.3.2.6 Economic values of esparto grass
6.4 Papermaking
6.4.1 Esparto grass plant collection
6.4.2 Esparto grass as raw materials for papermaking
6.4.3 Grass for papermaking
6.4.4 Esparto grass for papermaking
6.4.5 Production of pulp from esparto grass
6.5 Conclusion
References
7 Pulping and papermaking of jute
7.1 Introduction
7.1.1 What is pulping?
7.1.2 Jute fiber production
7.1.3 Chemical and morphological characteristics
7.2 Pulping
7.2.1 Jute fiber pulping
7.2.2 Jute stick pulping
7.2.3 Whole jute plant
7.2.4 Reinforcement of jute pulp
7.2.5 Nonconventional pulping process
7.3 Dissolving pulp
7.4 Jute supply and store for pulp mill
7.5 Nanocellulose
7.6 Conclusion
References
8 Pulping and papermaking of kenaf
8.1 Introduction
8.1.1 Status of kenaf in Malaysia
8.2 Kenaf for pulp and paper applications
8.2.1 Pulping and papermaking
8.2.1.1 Pulping processes
8.2.1.1.1 Kenaf chemical pulping
8.2.1.1.2 Kenaf mechanical pulping
8.2.2 Kenaf paper commercialization.
8.2.2.1 Malaysian experience: kenaf for pulp and paper
8.2.3 Specialty paper and other value-added products
8.2.3.1 Cellulose dissolving pulp and nanowhiskers
8.3 Conclusions
References
9 Pulping and papermaking from roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.)
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Roselle (H. sabdariffa) for pulping and papermaking
9.2.1 Physical characteristics of the raw materials
9.2.2 Raw material preparation
9.3 Pulp manufacturing
9.3.1 Pulping process
9.3.1.1 Screening process
9.3.1.2 Bleaching of pulp
9.3.1.3 Determination of kappa number
9.3.1.4 Beating process/refining
9.3.1.5 Freeness
9.3.1.6 Evaluation and characterization of O-P-P sequence bleached pulp fiber
9.4 Handsheet making
9.4.1 Properties of roselle handsheet
9.5 Conclusion
10 Pulping and papermaking of sarkanda
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Global scenario of nonwood materials for pulp and paper industry
10.2.1 Major nonwood raw materials used for papermaking
10.2.2 Characteristics
10.2.3 Availability
10.3 Problems with utilizing nonwood raw materials
10.3.1 Technical
10.3.2 Economic
10.3.3 Advantages of using nonwoods for papermaking
10.4 Sarkanda
10.4.1 Characteristics of sarkanda
10.4.2 Geographic distribution
10.5 Utilization of sarkanda for papermaking
10.5.1 Chemical components of sarkanda
10.5.2 FTIR-ATR analysis of sarkanda pulp
10.5.3 Morphological properties
10.5.4 Cooking of sarkanda
10.5.5 Physical strength characteristics of sarkanda pulp
10.5.6 Bleaching of sarkanda pulp
10.5.7 Surface morphological characteristics of pulps by SEM
10.5.8 Bleaching effluents characteristics
10.6 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
11 Pulping and papermaking of reed bagasse
11.1 Introduction.
11.2 The potential of reed grass (Imperata cylindrica) as pulp and paper
11.3 The pulp and paper characteristics of reed grass
11.4 Recent development of pulping method of reed grass
11.5 Opportunities and future challenges
11.6 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
12 Pulping and papermaking of sorghum bagasse
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Chemical composition and fiber properties of sorghum bagasse
12.2.1 Chemical composition
12.2.2 Fiber properties
12.3 Pulping of sorghum biomass
12.3.1 Alkaline pulping
12.3.2 Organosolv pulping
12.4 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
13 Pulping and papermaking using pineapple leaves
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Properties of pineapple leaf fiber
13.3 Pretreatment of pineapple leaf fiber
13.4 Cellulose extraction
13.5 Pulping of pineapple leaf fibers
13.6 Papermaking using pineapple leaf fibers
13.7 Conclusions
References
14 Pulping and papermaking of rice straw
14.1 Introduction
14.1.1 Global demand of paper
14.1.2 Paper production
14.1.3 Alternative raw materials
14.1.4 Opportunity of agricultural residues
14.1.5 Rice straw as pulping raw materials
14.2 Environmental and social aspects
14.3 Chemical, physical, and morphological properties of rice straw
14.4 Limitations of rice straw
14.5 Conventional pulping process
14.5.1 Soda pulping
14.5.2 Soda-anthraquinone pulping
14.5.3 Kraft process
14.6 Nonconventional pulping process
14.6.1 Organosolv pulping
14.6.2 Nonsodium alkali pulping system
14.6.3 Nitric acid and ammonium sulfite pulping
14.7 Other organosolv pulpings
14.8 Pretreatment effect
14.9 Future imminent of nonconventional rice straw pulping
14.10 Conclusion
References
15 Pulping and papermaking of aquatic macrophyte fibers
15.1 Introduction.